Physics - Rotational Dynamics, - Complete Module - 69

ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS
INDEX
 CONCEPTS IN BRIEF (ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS) 69 – 90

 SOLVED EXAMPLES 91 – 96
 EXERCISE # 01 OBJECTIVE EXERCISE (LEVEL # 01) 97 – 103
 EXERCISE # 04 SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE (LEVEL # 01) 120 – 122
 EXERCISE # 07 KVPY, OLYMPIADS QUESTIONS 128 – 129
 0EXERCISE # 08 JEE (MAIN) CORNER 130 – 133
 EXERCISE # 09 JEE (ADVANCED) CORNER 134 – 144
 ANSWER KEYS 146 – 148
WEIGHTAGE OF ‘ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS’ IN

JEE (MAIN & ADVANCED) in Last Three Years
JEE (MAIN) Formely known as AIEEE
MARK /
YEAR No. Of Qs.
PHYSICS TOTAL MARKS
2015 1 4/120
2016 2 8/120
2017 0 0/120
JEE (ADVANCED)
MARK /
YEAR No. Of Qs.
PHYSICS TOTAL MARKS
2015 2 8/168
2016 5 17/124
2017 2 8/122
ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS 69
ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS
RIGID BODY:
Rigid body is defined as a system of particles in which distance between each pair of particles remains
constant (with respect to time) that means the shape and size do not change, during the motion. Eg : Fan,
Pen, Table, stone and so on can be taken as rigid objects.
In the figure shown velocities of A and B with respect ground are VA and VB respectively.
VAsin1
A
A VA
1 VAcos1
B
VB 2 B
VBsin2
VB cos2
If the above body is rigid VA cos 1  VB cos  2
A
With respect to any particle of rigid body the motion of any other particle of that
rigid body is circular.
VBA  relative velocity of B with respect to A.
B
VBA
Types of Motion of rigid body
Pure Translational Pure Rotational Combined Translational and

Motion Motion Rotational Motion
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

70 ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS
1. PURE TRANSLATIONAL MOTION:

A body is said to be in pure translational motion if the displacement of each particle is same
during any time interval howsoever small or large. In this motion all the particles have same at an
instant.
Ex : A box is being pushed on a horizontal surface. 10

6 6
10
16
 
Vcm  V of any particle
 
acm  a of any particle
 
S cm  S of any particle
1 1 1
Total Kinetic Energy of body = m1v12 + m2v22 + .................= Mv2
2 2 2
For considering Translational Motion, Body can be treated to be concentrated at COM
2. PURE ROTATIONAL MOTION:
A body is said to be in pure rotational motion if the perpendicular distance of each particle
remains constant from a fixed line or point and do not move parallel to the line, and that line is
known as axis of rotation. In this motion all the particles have same  and  at an instant. Eg:–
a rotating ceiling fan, arms of a clock.
Axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of rotation of particles.
3. COMBINED TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL MOTION:
A body is said to be in translation and rotational motion if all the particles rotates about an axis of
rotation and the axis of rotation moves with respect to the ground. E.g. when you are driving your
vehicle, motion of tyre of vehicle belongs to this category.
MOMENT OF INERTIA (I):
Definition : Moment of Inertia is defined as the capability of system to oppose the change produced in
the rotational motion of a body. It has same significance for rotational motion as mass is having for
translational motion.
Moment of Inertia depends on:

(i) density of the material of body
(ii) shape & size of body
(iii) axis of rotation, or we can say that it depends upon distribution of mass relative to axis of
rotation.
Moment of inertia does not change if the mass:

(i) is shifted parallel to the axis of the rotation.
(ii) is rotated with constant radius about axis of rotation.
CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Moment of Inertia is a scalar positive quantity.

m1r12  m2 r22  ............
I1  I 2  I3  ...............
 I1  I 2  I 3  ...............
SI units of Moment of Inertia is Kgm 2 .
Moment of Inertia of:

(I) A single particle : I  mr 2 where m  mass of the particle
r  perpendicular distance of the particle from the axis about which moment of Inertia is
to be calculated
(II) For many particles (system of particles) :
n
I   mi ri 2
i 1
(III) For a continuous object:

I    dm  r 2 where dm = mass of a small element
r = perpendicular distance of the particle from the axis
TWO IMPORTANT THEOREMS ON MOMENT OF INERTIA:
I. Perpendicular Axis Theorem [Only applicable to plane lamina (that means for 2-D objects
only)].
z
Iz  Ix  Iy (when object is in x-y plane). y
Where, Iz  moment of inertia of the body about z axis. x
Ix  moment of inertia of the body about x axis.

Iy  moment of inertia of the body about y axis.
Body is in x-y plane
Defined for any 3 perpendicular concurrent axis out of which two lie in the plane of object.
I y  I x  I z (when object is in x-z plane)
I x  I y  I z (when object is in y-z plane)
II. Parallel Axis Theorem (Applicable to any type of object):
I AB  I CM  Md 2
Where I CM  Moment of Inertia of the object about an axis Passing through centre of
mass and parallel to axis.
I AB  Moment of Inertia of the object about axis AB
M  Total mass of object
d  perpendicular distance between axis about which moment of Inertia is to be calculated & the
one passing through the centre of mass
Any two parallel axis can not be taken. One axis must pass through com

RADIUS OF GYRATION:
As a measure of the way in which the mass of a rotating rigid body is distributed with respect to the axis
of rotation we can define a new parameter, the radius of gyration. It is related to the moment of inertia and
total mass of the body.
  I  MK 2
where,
I  Moment of Inertia of a body
M  Mass of a body
K  Radius of gyration
I
K
M
Length K is the geometrical property of the body and axis of rotation.
S .I . Unit of K is meter.
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF SOME STANDARD BODIES ABOUT DIFFERENT AXES

(TRY TO DERIVE EACH OF THESE RELATION)
Axis of Moment of
Body Figure k
Rotation inertia
About an axis
passing through
Ring C.G. and R
MR2
perpendicular to
its plane
About its
1 R
Ring diameter MR 2
2 2
About a
tangential axis in 3 3
Ring MR 2 R
its own plane 2 2
About a
tangential axis
Ring 2MR2 2R
perpendicular to
its own plane

Axis of Moment of
Body Figure k
Rotation inertia
About an axis
passing through
1 R
Disc C.G. and MR 2
2 2
perpendicular to
its plane
About its
Diameter 1 R
Disc MR2
4 2
About a
5 5
Disc tangential axis in MR2 R
4 2
its own plane
About a
tangential axis 3 3
Disc MR 2 R
perpendicular to 2 2
its own plane
Passing through
Annular disc inner
the centre and R2 M 2
radius = R1 and outer [R1  R 22 ] –
perpendicular to R1 2
radius = R2
the plane
M 2
Annular disc Diameter [R1  R 22 ] –
4
Tangential and
M
Annular disc Parallel to the [5R12  R22 ] –
4
diameter

Axis of Moment of
Body Figure k
Rotation inertia
Tangential and
M
Annular disc perpendicular to [3R12  R22 ] –
2
the plane
1 R
Solid cylinder About its own axis L MR 2
2 2
Tangential 3 3
Solid cylinder MR 2 R
(Generator) 2 2
About an axis
passing through
 L2 R2  L2 R2
Solid cylinder its C.G. and M   
 12 4  12 4
perpendicular to
its own axis
About the
diameter of one of  L2 R 2  L2 R2
Solid cylinder M   
faces of the 3 4  3 4
cylinder
Cylindrical shell MR2 R

About its own axis

Axis of Moment of
Body Figure k
Rotation inertia
Tangential
Cylindrical shell 2MR2 2R
(Generator)
About an axis
passing through
 L2 R2  L2 R2
Cylindrical shell its C.G. and M   
 12 2  12 2
perpendicular to
its own axis
About the
diameter of one of  L2 R 2  L2 R2
Cylindrical shell M   
faces of the 3 2  3 2
cylinder
R2 R1
Hollow cylinder with
M 2
inner radius = R1 and Axis of cylinder (R1  R22 )
2
outer radius = R2
Hollow cylinder with

M 2
inner radius = R1 and Tangential (R1  3R22 )
2
outer radius = R2

Axis of Moment of
Body Figure k
Rotation inertia
About its diametric

2 2
Solid Sphere axis MR 2 R
5 5
About a tangential 7 7
Solid sphere MR 2 R
axis 5 5
About its diametric 2 2

Spherical shell MR 2 R
axis 3 3
About a tangential 5 5
Spherical shell MR 2 R
axis 3 3
Hollow sphere of inner

radius R1 and outer About its diametric
2  R25  R15 
radius R2 axis M 
5  R23  R13 
2M[R52  R15 ] 2
Hollow sphere Tangential  MR 2
5(R32  R13 )
About on axis
passing through
ML2 L
Long thin rod its centre of mass
L 12 12
and perpendicular
to the rod.
About an axis
passing through
ML2 L
Long thin rod its edge and
L 3 3
perpendicular to
the rod

Axis of Moment of
Body Figure k
Rotation inertia
Passing through
Rectangular lamina of the centre of mass M 2
b [l  b 2 ]
length l and breadth b and perpendicular 12
to the plane
l
Tangential
perpendicular to
M 2
Rectangular lamina the plane and at [4l  b 2 ]
12
the mid-point of
breadth
Tangential
perpendicular to
M 2
Rectangular lamina the plane and at [l  4b 2 ]
12
the mid-point of
length
Passing through M[b2  t 2 ]
iii (i)
centre of mass ii 12
Rectangular b
and parallel to i M[l2  t 2 ]
parallelopiped length l, (ii)
(i) Length (x) t 12
breadth b, thickness t
(ii) breadth (z) M[b2  l2 ]
l (iii)
(iii) thickness (y) 12
M 2
Tangential and (i) [3l  b2  t 2 ]
i 12
Rectangular parallel to
ii M 2
parallelepiped length l, (i) length (x) (ii) [l  3b2  t 2 ]
12
breath b, thickness t (ii) breadth (y)
iii M 2
(iii) thickness(z) (iii) [l  b 2  3t 2 ]
12
Passing through
Elliptical disc of semi
CM and M 2
major axis = a and [a  b2 ]
perpendicular to 4
semi minor axis = b
the plane
Axis joining the

Solid cone of radius R 3
vertex and centre MR2
and height h 10
of the base

Axis of Moment of
Body Figure k
Rotation inertia
Passing through
Equilateral triangular CM and a a Ma 2
lamina with side a perpendicular to 6
the plane a
Mb 2
(1)
6
b c
Right angled triangular Ma 2
Along the edges (2)
lamina of sides a, b, c 6
1
a M  a 2b 2 
3 (3)  
2 6  a2  b2 
PARAMETERS IMPORTANT WHILE STUDYING ROTATIONAL MOTION
ANGULAR DISPLACMENT

It is the angle described by the position vector r about the axis of rotation.
Q
Angular displacement S
Linear displacement (s)
( )  
Radius (r) r P
(1) Unit : radian
(2) Dimension : [M0L0 T0 ]
  
(3) Vector form S    r
i.e., angular displacement is a vector quantity whose direction is given by right hand rule. It is also
known as axial vector. For anti-clockwise sense of rotation direction of  is perpendicular to the
plane, outward and along the axis of rotation and vice-versa.
Angular displacement is not a vector quantity. It can be taken as a vector for small angular
displacement.
(4) 2 radian  360  1 revolution.

(5) If a body rotates about a fixed axis then all the particles will have same angular displacement
(although linear displacement will differ from particle to particle in accordance with the distance of
particles from the axis of rotation).

ANGULAR VELOCITY.
The angular displacement per unit time is defined as angular velocity.


If a particle moves from P to Q in time t ,   where  is the angular displacement.
t
 d
(1) Instantaneous angular velocity   lim 
t 0 t dt Q
total angular displacement 2  1
(2) Average angular velocity av  
total time t 2  t1 
P
(3) Unit : Radian/sec
(4) Dimension : [M0L0 T 1 ] which is same as that of frequency.
    
(5) Vector form v    r [where v = linear velocity, r = radius vector]

 is a axial vector, whose direction is normal to the rotational plane and its direction is
given by right hand screw rule.
2
(6)   2n [where T = time period, n = frequency]
T
(7) The magnitude of an angular velocity is called the angular speed which is also
represented by  .
ANGULAR ACCELERATION.
The rate of change of angular velocity is defined as angular acceleration.

If particle has angular velocity 1 at time t1 and angular velocity 2 at time t 2 then,
 
 2  1
Angular acceleration  
t 2  t1
 
  d  d2 
(1) Instantaneous angular acceleration   lim   2 .
t  0  t dt dt
(2) Unit : rad/sec 2
(3) Dimension : [M0L0 T 2 ] .
(4) If   0 , circular or rotational motion is said to be uniform.
2  1
(5) Average angular acceleration  av  .
t 2  t1
  
(6) Relation between angular acceleration and linear acceleration a   r .
(7) It is an axial vector whose direction is along the change in direction of angular velocity i.e.
normal to the rotational plane, outward or inward along the axis of rotation (depends upon
the sense of rotation).

EQUATIONS OF LINEAR MOTION AND ROTATIONAL MOTION.

Linear Motion Rotational Motion
(1) If linear acceleration is 0, u = constant and If angular acceleration is 0,  = constant and
s = u t.   t
(2) If linear acceleration a = constant, If angular acceleration  = constant then
(u  v) v u (1  2 ) 2  1
(i) s t (ii) a  (i)  t (ii)  
2 t 2 t
1 2 1 2
(iii) v  u  at (iv) s  ut  at (iii) 2  1  t (iv)   1t  t
2 2
(v) v 2  u2  2as (v) 22  12  2
1 
(vi) snth  u  a(2n  1) (vi) nth  1  (2n  1)
2 2
(3) If acceleration is not constant, the above If acceleration is not constant, the above
equation will not be applicable. In this case equation will not be applicable. In this case
dx dv d2 x d d d2 
(i) v  (ii) a   (i)   (ii)    2
dt dt dt 2 dt dt dt
(iii) vdv  a ds (iii) d   d
TORQUE
Torque represents the capability of a force to produce change in the rotational motion of the body.
TORQUE ABOUT POINT
   
Torque of force F about a point   r  F

Where F = force applied
P = point of application of force
Q = Point about which we want to calculate the torque.

r = position vector of the point of application of force from the
point about which we want to determine the torque.

  rF sin   rF  r F
Where   angle between the direction of force and the position vector of P wrt. Q.
r  perpendicular distance of line of action of force from point Q.
F  force arm
SI unit of torque is Nm
Torque is a vector quantity and its direction is determined using right hand thumb rule.
Never calculate Torque by first calculating NET FORCE and then taking its moment about the point.
Remember, All these four cases are possible
Net Force and Net Torque both are NON ZERO Fnet  0; net  0
Net Force NON ZERO but Net Torque ZERO Fnet  0; net  0
Net Force ZERO but Net Torque Non ZERO Fnet  0; net  0
Both Net Force and Net Torque ZERO Fnet  0; net  0

TORQUE ABOUT AXIS

Torque of a force about an axis can be calculated of follows:
  
(i) Torque of F is first calculated about a point on the axis using   r  F
(ii) Component of torque thus calculated about the axis is torque of F about the axis.
Remember, If torque of a force about a point on a line is NON ZERO, it does not necessarily
mean that torque of that force about that line will also be NON ZERO.
For a Force to have NON ZERO torque about a line, Line of action of force must be SKEW to
that line.
FORCE COUPLE
A pair of forces each of same magnitude and acting in opposite direction is called a force couple.
Torque due to couple = Magnitude of one force × distance between their lines of action.
Magnitude of torque    F  2d 
A couple does not exert a net force on an object even though it
exerts a torque.
POINT OF APPLICATION OF FORCE
Point of Application of force is the point at which if net force is assumed to be acting then it will
produce same effect of both translation & rotational nature, as was produced earlier.
OR
If net force is applied at the point of application in the opposite direction, then the body will be in
equilibrium. (Translational and rotational both)
Point of application of gravitational force is known as the centre of gravity.

Centre of gravity coincides with the centre of mass if value of g is assumed to be constant.
Concept of point of application of force is hypothetical, as in some cases it can lie outside the body.
RELATION BETWEEN '' & '' (for hinged object or pure rotation)
 
 net ext hinge   Ihinge  F1t
 F1c r
Where net ext hinge = net external torque acting on the body about Hinge point 1
F
x 2c
Ihinge Moment of Inertia of body about Hinge point r2 F2t
F1t  M1a1t  M1r1 F2t  M2 a2b  M2r2 

resultant  F1t r1  F2t r2  ........  M1 r12  M2  r22  ............
resultant  Fit r1  F2t r  .........  m1r12  m2  22  .........
1    
Rotational Kinetic Energy = .  . 2 P  Mv CM ; Fexternal  MaCM resul tan t  I.
2 ( external
Net external force acting on the body has two parts tangential and centripetal.
v2
 FC  maC  m  m 2rCM &  Ft  ma t  m rCM
rCM
CONDITION FOR NO SLIPPING: Two points will not slip with respect to each other, when Their
Velocities are same i.e. they should not have Relative velocity with respect to each other.

ROTATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM:
If net external torque acting on the body is zero, then the body is Y
said to be in rotational equilibrium. The centre of mass of a body remains F1
in equilibrium if the total external force acting on the body is zero.
Similarly, a body remains in rotational equilibrium if the total external
F2
torque acting on the body is zero.
F5
For translational equilibrium. X
Fx  0 ............. (i); Fy  0 ............. (ii)
and  F2  0 net  0
F4 F3
The condition of rotational equilibrium is :
The equilibrium of a body is called stable if the body tries to regain its equilibrium position after being
slightly displaced and released. It is called unstable if it gets further displaced after being slightly
displaced and released. If it can stay in equilibrium even after being slightly displaced and released, it is
said to be in neutral equilibrium.
Body is in mechanical equilibrium if Fnet  0 & net  0

ANGULAR MOMENTUM ( L )
ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A PARTICLE ABOUT A POINT
  
L= r P  L  r p sin 
 
L  r  P L  P  r

Where P  momentum of particle

r  position of vector of particle with respect to point about which angular momentum is to be
calculated.
 
  angle between vectors r & P
r  perpendicular distance of line of motion of particle from point O.
P  perpendicular component of momentum.
SI unit of angular momentum is kgm2/sec.
FOR SYSTEM OF PARTICLES:
Considering a system of particles with both external and internal forces acting we can add the angular
momentum of the individual particles to obtain the angular momentum L.
     
 = r1  p1 + r2  p2 + r3  p3 + ........................
L
 =  +  +  + .................... about the same point.

L L1 L2 L3

ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A RIGID BODY ROTATING ABOUT FIXED AXIS:

 
LH   H 
LH  angular momentum of object about axis H.
IH  Moment of Inertia of rigid, object about axis H.
  angular velocity of the object.
Remember there is difference between angular momentum of a particle about a point &
angular momentum of a particle about a line as we have discussed for torque. To calculate
angular momentum about a line (say axis), one should proceed in the same way as we have
proceeded for calculation of torque.
CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Angular momentum of a particle or a system remains constant if Net external Torque = 0 about
that point or axis of rotation.
 
L sys  Cons tan t if netext  0
RELATION BETWEEN TORQUE AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM


 dL
=
dt
Torque is change in angular momentum
IMPULSE OF TORQUE
  dt  J J  d Change in angular momentum.
COMBINED TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL MOTION OF A RIGID BODY
If the axis of rotation is moving w.r.t to ground then the motion is combined translational and
rotational motion.
KINEMATICS
The most general motion of a rigid body can be thought of as a sum of two independent motions. A
translation of some point of the body plus a rotation about this point. This is called Chasle's Theorem. A
convenient choice of the point is the centre of mass of the body. One good example of the type of motion
is rolling of a wheel.
The general motion of the body can be thought of as the result of a translation of the point Q and the
 
motion of the body about Q. Let us choose another point P in the body with position vector rP . Let rP/Q
  
denote the position vector of P with respect to Q , then rP = rQ + rP/Q .
  
By differentiating we get , P  Q  P/Q .

For a rigid body, the distance between the particles remain unchanged during its motion i.e. rP /Q 
constant with respect to Q with respect to ground
P P
 VQ
r r r
wr
Q  Q  VQ
For velocities
2
VP  VQ 2   r   2 VQ r cos 
For acceleration :
, ,  are same about every point of the body (or any other point outside which is rigidly attached to the
body).
DYNAMICS
     
 cm   cm  ; Fext  Macm ; Psystem  Mvcm
1 2 1
Total K.E. =
Mvcm  ICM  2 .
2 2
   
LAB   cm   rcm  Mvcm
 
Angular momentum axis AB = L about C.M. + L of C.M. about AB
PURE ROLLING
Pure rolling means rolling without slipping (or no slipping), in such cases we will use the same condition
that two bodies will not slip with respect to each other if their points of contact have same velocity
Work, Energy and Power for Rotating Body.
(1) Work : If the body is initially at rest and angular displacement is d due to torque then work done
on the body.
W    d
[Analogue to work in translatory motion W   F dx ]
(2) Kinetic energy : The energy, which a body has by virtue of its rotational motion is called
rotational kinetic energy. A body rotating about a fixed axis possesses kinetic energy because its
constituent particles are in motion, even though the body as a whole remains in place.

Rotational kinetic energy Analogue to translatory kinetic energy

1 2 1
KR  I KT  mv 2
2 2
1 1
KR  L KT  Pv
2 2
L2 P2
KR  KT 
2I 2m
(3) Power : Rate of change of kinetic energy is defined as power

d d 1  d
P (K R )   I 2   I  I   I   
dt dt  2  dt
   
In vector form Power     [Analogue to power in translatory motion P  F  v ]
SLIPPING, SPINNING AND ROLLING
(1) Slipping : When the body slides on a surface without rotation

=0
then its motion is called slipping motion.
In this condition friction between the body and surface F  0 .
v
1
Body possess only translatory kinetic energy KT  mv 2 .
2
Example:
Motion of a ball on a frictionless surface.
(2) Spinning: When the body rotates in such a manner that its axis of rotation does not move then its
motion is called spinning motion.
In this condition axis of rotation of a body is fixed.

Example:
Motion of blades of a fan.
1 2
In spinning, body possess only rotatory kinetic energy K R  I .
2
1 v2 1  K2 
Or K R  mK 2 2  mv2  2 
2 R 2 R 
 K2 
i.e., Rotatory kinetic energy =  2  times translatory kinetic energy.
R 
K2
Here is a constant for different bodies.
R2
K2 K2 1 K2 1
Value of  1 (ring),  (disc) and  (solid sphere)
R2 R2 2 R2 2

(3) Rolling : If in case of rotational motion of a body about a fixed axis, the axis of rotation
also moves, the motion is called combined translatory and rotatory.
Example: (i) Motion of a wheel of cycle on a road.
(ii) Motion of football rolling on a surface. 
v
In this condition friction between the body and surface F  0 .
Body possesses both translational and rotational kinetic energy.
Net kinetic energy = (Translatory + Rotatory) kinetic energy.
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 K2
K N  KT  K R  mv  I  mv  mv 2
2 2 2 2 R
1 2  K2 
 KN  mv  1  2 
2  R 
ROLLING WITHOUT SLIPPING
In case of combined translatory and rotatory motion if the object rolls across a surface in such a
way that there is no relative motion of object and surface at the point of contact, the motion is called
rolling without slipping.
Friction is responsible for this type of motion but work done or dissipation of energy against
friction is zero as there is no relative motion between body and surface at the point of contact.
Rolling motion of a body may be treated as a pure rotation about an axis through point of contact with
same angular velocity .
By the law of conservation of energy 
1 2 1 2
KN  mv  I  [  As v  R ] v
2 2
O
1 1
 mR 2 2  I  2
2 2
P
1
  2 [mR 2  I ]
2
1 1
  2 [ I  mR 2 ]  I P 2 [As I P  I  mR 2 ]
2 2
By theorem of parallel axis, where I = moment of inertia of rolling body about its centre ‘O’ and IP =
moment of inertia of rolling body about point of contact ‘P’.

Energy distribution table for different rolling bodies :
Body K2 Translatory Rotatory Total (KN) KT KR

(%) (%)
R2 (KT) (KR) 1 2 K2  KN KN
mv 1 2 
2
1 1 K 2  R 
mv 2 mv 2 2
2 2 R
Ring 1 1 1 1
1 mv 2 mv 2 mv 2 (50%) (50%)
Cylindrical shell 2 2 2 2
2
Disc 1 1 1 3 1
mv 2 mv 2 mv 2 3 (33.3%)
solid cylinder 2 2 4 4 3
(66.6%)
5
2 1 1 7 2
Solid sphere mv 2 mv 2 mv 2 7 (28.5%)
5 2 5 10 7
(71.5%)
2 1 1 5 3 2
Hollow sphere mv 2 mv 2 mv 2 (60%) (40%)
3 2 3 6 5 5
ROLLING ON AN INCLINED PLANE
When a body of mass m and radius R rolls down on inclined plane of height ‘h’ and angle of inclination  ,
it loses potential energy. However it acquires both linear and angular speeds and hence, gain kinetic
energy of translation and that of rotation.
1  k2  Rotatio
By conservation of mechanical energy mgh  mv 2  1  2  B
2  R 
Translatio
2gh n
(1) Velocity at the lowest point : v 
k2 S h
1 2
R

(2) Acceleration in motion : From equation v 2  u2  2aS
C
h 2gh gsin 
By substituting u  0, S  and v  we get a 
sin  k2 k2
1 2 1 2
R R
(3) Time of descent : From equation v  u  at
By substituting u = 0 and value of v and a from above expressions
1 2h  k 2 
t 1  
sin  g  R 2 
1 1 k2
From the above expressions it is clear that, v  ; a ; t  1 
k2 k2 R2
1 1 2
R2 R

 k2 
 Here factor  2  is a measure of moment of inertia of a body and its value is constant
R 
for given shape of the body and it does not depend on the mass and radius of a body.
 Velocity, acceleration and time of descent (for a given inclined plane) all depends on
k2 k2
. Lesser the moment of inertia of the rolling body lesser will be the value of . So
R2 R2
greater will be its velocity and acceleration and lesser will be the time of descent.
 If a solid and hollow body of same shape are allowed to roll down on inclined plane
 k2   k2 
then as  2    2  , solid body will reach the bottom first with greater velocity.
 R  S  R H
 If a ring, cylinder, disc and sphere runs a race by rolling on an inclined plane then as
 k2   k2 
 2  minimum while , 2   maximum , the sphere will reach the bottom first
 R sphere  R Ring
with greatest velocity while ring at last with least velocity.
 Angle of inclination has no effect on velocity, but time of descent and acceleration
depends on its velocity    ; time of decent   1 ; and acceleration   .
ROLLING SLIDING AND FALLING OF A BODY
Figure Velocity Acceleration Time
gsin  1 2h  k2 
k2 2gh 1  2 
Rolling 0 sin  g  R 
R2 h 1  k 2 R2 1  K 2 R2

2gh
1 2h
Sliding 1  k 2 R2 2gh gsin
sin  g

k2
0 2h
Falling R2 2gh g
g
 = 90o 

VELOCITY, ACCELERATION AND TIME FOR DIFFERENT BODIES.
Body k2 Velocity Acceleration Time of descent

R2 2 gh gsinθ 1 2h  k2 
v a t
k
2
k2 1 2 
1 1 2 sinθ g  R 
2
R R
Ring or 1 gh 1 1 4h
gsin 
Hollow cylinder 2 sin  g
Disc or solid 1 4gh 2 1 3h
or 0.5 gsin 
cylinder 2 3 3 sin  g
Solid sphere 2 10 5 1 14 h
or 0.4 gh gsin 
5 7 7 sin  5 g
Hollow sphere 2 6 3 1 10 h
or 0.66 gh gsin 
3 5 5 sin  3 g
INSTANTANEOUS AXIS OF ROTATION
The combined effects of translation of the centre of mass and rotation about an axis through the centre of
mass are equivalent to a pure rotation with the same angular speed about an axis passing through
appoint of zero velocity. Such an axis is called the instantaneous axis of rotation.(IAOR). This axis is
always perpendicular to the plane used to represent the motion and the intersection of the axis with this
plane defines the location of instantaneous centre of zero velocity (IC).
For example consider a wheel which rolls without slipping. In this case the point of contact with the
ground has zero velocity. Hence, this point represents the IC for the wheel. If it is imagined that the wheel
is momentarily pinned at this point, the velocity of any point on the wheel can be found using v = r  .
Here r is the distance of the point from IC. Similarly, the kinetic energy of the body can be assumed to be
pure rotational about IAOR or,
1
K  I LAOR  2 Rotation + Translation  Pure rotation about IAOR passing through IC
2
1 2 1 1
KE  mvCOM  I COM  2  KE  I IAOR 2
2 2 2

LOCATION OF THE IC
If the location of the IC is unknown, it may be determined by using the fact that the relative
position vector extending from the IC to a point is always perpendicular to the velocity of the point.
Following three possibilities exist.
(i) Given the velocity of a point (normally the centre of mass) on the body and the angular
velocity of the body

If v and  are known, the IC is located along the line drawn perpendicular to v at P, such that the
v
distance from P to IC is, r  . Note that IC lie on that side of P which causes rotation about the

 
IC, which is consistent with the direction of motion caused by  and v .
(ii) Given the lines of action of two non-parallel velocities

 
Consider the body shown in figure where the line of action of the velocities vA and vB are known.
Draw perpendiculars at A and B to these lines of action. The point of intersection of these
perpendiculars as shown locates the IC at the instant considered.
(iii) Given the magnitude and direction of two parallel velocities

When the velocities of points A and B are parallel and have known magnitudes vA and vB then the
location of the IC is determined by proportional triangles as shown in figure.
vA
In both the cases, rA, IC 

vB
And rB , IC 

In Fig. (a) rA , IC  rB , IC  d
and in Fig. (b) rB , IC  rA, IC  d
As a special case, if the body is translating, v A  vB and the IC would be located at infinity, in
which case   0.


SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1 Three particles, each of mass m, are situated at the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of side
L (figure). Find the moment of inertia of the system about the line AX perpendicular to AB in the
plane of ABC.
Sol. Perpendicular distance of A from AX = 0

Perpendicular distance of B from AX = L
Perpendicular distance of C from AX = L/2
Thus, the moment of inertia of the particle at A = 0, of the particle at B = mL2, and of the particle
2
L
at C  m   . The moment of inertia of the three-particle system about AX is
2
2 2
L 5 mL
0  mL2  m   
2
  4
That the particles on the axis do not contribute to the moment of inertia.
Ex.2 Calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform hollow cylinder of mass M, radius R and length 
about its axis.
Sol. Moment of inertia of a uniform hollow cylinder is    ( dm) R 2  mR 2
mass = dm

Ex.3 A cylinder is released from rest from the top of an incline of inclination  and length  . If the
cylinder rolls without slipping, what will be its speed when it reaches the bottom?
Sol. Let the mass of the cylinder be m and its radius r. Suppose the linear speed of the cylinder when
it reaches the bottom is v . As the cylinder rolls without slipping, its angular speed about its axis is
  v / r. The kinetic energy at the bottom will be
1 2 1 1 1  1 1 1 3
K I  mv 2   mr 2  2  mv 2  mv 2  mv 2  mv 2 .
2 2 22  2 4 2 4
This should be equal to the loss of potential energy mg sin .
3 4
Thus, mv 2  mg sin  or v g sin 
4 3
Ex.4 Two uniform identical rods each of mass M and lengthare joined to form a cross as shown in
figure. Find the moment of inertia of the cross about a bisector as shown dotted in the figure.
Sol. Consider the line perpendicular to the plane of the figure through the centre of the cross. The
M 2
moment of inertia of each rod about this line is and hence the moment of inertia of the cross
12
M 2
is . The moment of inertia of the cross about the two bisector are equal by symmetry and
6
according to the theorem of perpendicular axes, the moment of inertia of the cross about the
M 2
bisector is .
12
Ex.5 In the figure shown find moment of inertia of a plate having mass M, length  and width b about
axis 1,2,3 and 4. Assume that C is centre and mass is uniformly distributed
4 2
1
C
3 b
Sol. Moment of inertia of the plate about axis 1 (by taking rods perpendicular to axis 1) I1  Mb 2 / 3
Moment of inertia of the plate about axis 2 (by taking rods perpendicular to axis 2) I 2  M  2 / 12
Moment of inertia of the plate about axis 3 (by taking rods perpendicular to axis 3) I 3  Mb 2 / 12
Moment of inertia of the plate about axis 4 (by taking rods perpendicular to axis 4) I 4  M 2 / 3

Ex.6 Starting from rest, a fan takes five seconds to attain the maximum speed of 400 rpm (revolution
per minute). Assuming constant acceleration, find the time taken by the fan in attaining half the
maximum speed.
Sol. Let the angular acceleration be . According to the question,
400 rev/min  0   5s ..........(i)
Let t be the time taken in attaining the speed of 200 rev/min which is half the maximum.
Then, 200 rev/min  0   t ...........(ii)
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get, 2=5t or t = 2.5 s.
Ex.7 The motor of an engine is rotating about its axis with an angular velocity of 100 rev/minute. It
comes to rest in 15 s, after being switched off. Assuming constant angular deceleration, calculate
the number of revolutions made by it before coming to rest.
 10 
Sol. The initial angular velocity = 100 rev/minute    rad / s.
 3 
Final angular velocity = 0. Time invertial = 15 s.
 2  rad
Let the angular acceleration be  . Using the equation   0   t, we obtain     2
 9  s
1 2
The angle rotated by the motor during this motion is   0 t  t
2
 10 rad  1  2 rad  2
  15 s     15s   25 rad = 12.5 revolutions.
 3 s  2  9 s2 
Hence the motor rotates through 12.5 revolutions before coming to rest.
Ex.8 The pulley shown in figure has a moment of inertia I about its axis and its radius is R. Find the
magnitude of the acceleration of the two blocks. Assume that the string is light and does not slip
on the pulley.
Sol. Suppose the tension in the left string is T1 and that in the right string in T2 . Suppose the block of
mass M goes down with an acceleration a and the other block moves up with the same
acceleration. This is also the tangential acceleration of the rim of the wheel as the string does not
slip over the rim.
The angular acceleration of the wheel is, therefore,   a / R. The equations of motion for the
mass M, the mass m and the pulley are as follows:
Mg  T1  Ma .........(i)
T2  mg  ma .........(ii)
T1 R  T2 R  Ia  Ia / R .........(iii)
Putting T1 and T2 from (i) and (ii) into (iii),
(M  m) gR 3
  Mg  a   m  g  a   R  I , which gives a  .
  ( M  m) R 2

Ex.9 The ladder shown in figure has negligible mass and rests on a frictionless floor. The crossbar
connected the two legs of the ladder at the middle. The angle between the two legs is 60 . The
fat person sitting on the ladder has a mass of 80 kg. Find the constant forces exerted by the floor
on each leg and the tension in the crossbar.
Sol. The forces acting on different parts are shown in figure. Consider the vertical equilibrium of “the
ladder plus the person” system. The forces acting on this system are its weight (80 kg)g and the
contact force N + N = 2 N due to the floor. Thus
2 N = (80 kg) g or  
N   40 kg  9.8m / s 2  392N.
Next consider the equilibrium of the left leg of the ladder. Taking torques of the forces acting on it
2 2
about the upper end, N  2m  tan30  T 1m  or T N   392N   450N.
3 3
Ex.10 A stationary uniform rod of mass 'm' , length '  ' leans against a smooth vertical wall making an
angle  with rough horizontal floor. Find the normal force & frictional force that is exerted by the
floor on the rod ?
Sol. As the rod is stationary so the linear acceleration and angular acceleration of rod is zero.
i.e. acm  0;   0.
N2  f 
  acm  0
N1  mg
Torque about any point of the rod should also be zero.   0

A  0  mgcos   f sin   N1 cos .
2
mgcos 
N1 cos   sin  f 
2
mgcos  mgcot
f 
2sin  2

Ex.11 Two particles of mass m each are attached to a light rod of length d, one at its centre and the
other at a free end. The rod is fixed at the other end and is rotated in a plane at an angular speed
 . Calculate the angular momentum of the particle at the end with respect to the particle at the
centre.
Sol. The situation is shown in figure. The velocity of the particle A with respect to the fixed end O is
v A   and that of B with respect to O is v B   d. Hence the velocity of B with respect to A is
 d 
vB  v A    . The angular momentum of B with respect to A is,
 2 
d d 1
therefore, L  mvr  m     m  d2 along the direction
2 2 4
perpendicular to the plane of rotation.
Ex.12 A uniform rod of mass M and length a lies on a smooth horizontal plane. A particle of mass m
moving at a speed v perpendicular to the length of the rod strikes it at a distance a/4 from the
centre and stops after the collision. Find (a) the velocity of the centre of the rod and (b) the
angular velocity of the rod about its centre just after the collision.
Sol. The situation is shown in figure. Consider the rod and the w
particle together as the system. As there is no external
resultant force, the linear momentum of the system will ®
r 0
A a
remains constant. Also there is no resultant external torque on a/4 A V
the system and so the angular momentum of the system

about the any line will remain constant. Suppose the velocity
of the centre of the rod is V and the angular velocity about the (a) (b)
centre is  .
(a) The linear momentum before the collision is mv and that after the collision is MV.
m
Thus, mv = MV, or V= v.
M
(b) Let A be the centre of the rod when it is at rest. Let AB be the line perpendicular to the
plane of the figure. Consider the angular momentum of “the rod plus the particle” system
about AB.Initially the rod is at rest. The angular momentum of the particle about AB is L =
mv (a/4)
After the collision, the particle comes to rest. The angular momentum of the rod
about A is
   
L = Lcm + M r0 × V
   
As r0 || V , r0 × V = 0
 
Thus, L = Lcm
M 2
Hence the angular momentum of the rod about AB is L  I   .
12
mva Ma 2 3mv
Thus,  or,  
4 12 Ma

Ex.13 Figure shows two cylinders of radii r1 and r2 having moment of inertia I1 and I 2 about their
respective axes. Initially, the cylinders rotate about their axes with angular speed 1 and 2 as
shown in the figure. The cylinders are moved closed to touch each other keeping the axes
parallel. The cylinders first slip over each other at the contact but the slipping finally ceases due
to the friction between them. Find the angular speeds of the cylinders after the slipping ceases.
Sol. When slipping ceases, the linear speeds of the points of contact of the two cylinders will be equal. If 1
and 2 be the respective angular speeds, we have
1r1 and 2r2 ................(i)
Friction exists for this time ‘t’. If this force f acts for a time t, the torque on the first cylinder is fr1 and that
on the second is fr2 . Assuming 1  2 , the corresponding angular impulses are – fr1t and fr2 t, We,
therefore, have
– fr1t  I1( '1 – 1 ) and fr2 t  I2 ( '2 – 2 )
1 
or,   1  1   2  2  2  ................(ii)
r1 r2
1 1 r2   2 2 r1   r   r
Solving (i) and (ii) 1  2 2
r2 and 2  1 1 22 2 22 1 r1
 2 r1  1 r2  2 r1  1 r2
Ex.14 A cylinder of mass m is suspended through two strings wrapped around it as shown in figure. Find
(a) the tension T in the string and (b) the speed of the cylinder as it falls through a distance h.
Sol. The portion of the strings between the ceiling and the cylinder is at rest. Hence the points of the
cylinder where the strings leave it are at rest. The cylinder is thus rolling without slipping on the
strings. Suppose the centre of the cylinder falls with an acceleration a. The angular acceleration
of the cylinder about its axis is   a / R, as the cylinder does not slip over the strings.
The equation of motion for the centre of mass of the cylinder is
mg  2T  ma .............(i)
and for the motion about the centre of mass, it is
1  1
2 Tr  mr 2   or 2T   ma.
2  2
2 mg
From (i) and (ii) a  g and T  .
3 6
As the centre of the cylinder starts moving from rest, the velocity after it has fallen through a
distance h is given by
2  4 gh
v2  2  g h or v .
3  3


EXERCISE # 01 OBJECTIVE EXERCISE (LEVEL # 01)

1. A thin uniform rod of mass M and length L has its moment of inertia I1 about its perpendicular
bisector. The rod is bend in the form of a semicircular arc. Now its moment of inertia through the
centre of the semi circular arc and perpendicular to its plane is I2 . The ratio of I1 : I2 will be
_______
(A) < 1 (B) >1 (C) =1 (D) can’t be said
2. In the triangular sheet given PQ = QR = l. If M is the mass of the sheet. What is the moment of
inertial about PR
l
P Q
R
2 2
Ml Ml Ml2 Ml2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
24 12 6 18
3. A square sheet of edge length L and uniform mass per unit area  is used to form a hollow
cylinder. The moment of inertia of this cylinder about the central axis is-
2  L4  L4  L4
(A) (B) (C) L2 (D)
2 4 2 3 22
4. Consider the following statements

Assertion (A) : The moment of inertia of a rigid body reduces to its minimum value as
compared to any other parallel axis when the axis of rotation passes through
its centre of mass.
Reason (R) : The weight of a rigid body always acts through its centre of mass in uniform
gravitational field.
Of these statements:
(A) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
Question No. 5 to 8 (4 questions)
The figure shows an isosceles triangular plate of mass M and base L. The
angle at the apex is 90. The apex lies at the origin and the base is parallel to
X–axis
5. The moment of inertia of the plate about the z-axis is

ML2 ML2 ML2
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
12 24 6

6. The moment of inertia of the plate about the x-axis is

ML2 ML2
(A) (B)
8 32
ML2 ML2
(C) (D)
24 6
7. The moment of inertia of the plate about its base parallel to the x-axis is
ML2 ML2 ML2
18 36 24
8. The moment of inertia of the plate about the y-axis is

ML2 ML2 ML2
6 8 24
9. A body weighs 6 gms when placed in one pan and 24 gms when placed on the other pan of a
false balance. If the beam is horizontal when both the pans are empty, the true weight of the body
is :
(A) 13 gm (B) 12 gm (C) 15.5 gm (D) 15 gm
10. Two uniform rods of equal length but different masses are rigidly joined to form an L-shaped
body, which is then pivoted as shown. If in equilibrium the body is in the shown configuration,
ratio M/m will be:
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 3
11. A right triangular plate ABC of mass m is free to rotate in the vertical plane about a fixed
horizontal axis through A. It is supported by a string such that the side AB is horizontal. The
reaction at the support A is:
mg 2mg mg
(A) (B) (C) (D) mg
3 3 2

12. A homogeneous cubical brick lies motionless on a rough inclined surface. The half of the brick
which applies greater pressure on the plane is :
(A) left half (B) right half
(C) both applies equal pressure
(D) the answer depend upon coefficient of friction
13. A uniform ladder of length 5m is placed against the wall as shown in the figure. If coefficient of
friction  is the same for both the walls, what is the minimum value of  for it not to slip?
1 1 1 1
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
2 4 3 5
14. A uniform cylinder rests on a cart as shown. The coefficient of static friction
between the cylinder and the cart is 0.5. If the cylinder is 4 cm in diameter
and 10 cm in height, which of the following is the minimum acceleration of
the cart needed to cause the cylinder to tip over?
(A) 2m / s2 (B) 4m / s2 (C) 5m / s2
(D) the cylinder would slide before it begins to tip over.
15. Two light vertical springs with equal natural lengths and spring constants k1 and k 2 are separated
by a distance l. Their upper ends are fixed to the ceiling and their lower ends to the ends A and B
of a light horizontal rod AB. A vertical downwards force F is applied at point C on the rod. AB will
remain horizontal in equilibrium if the distance AC is-
l lk1 lk2 lk 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 k 2  k1 k1 k1  k 2

Assertion(A) : A cyclist always bends inwards while negotiating a curve
Reason(R) : By bending he lowers his centre of gravity
Of these statements,
(A) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true

17. A rod is hinged at its centre and rotated by applying a constant torque starting from rest. The
power developed by the external torque as a function of time is :
(A) (B) (C) (D)
18. A solid cone hangs from a frictionless pivot at the origin O, as shown. If î , ĵ and
k̂ are unit vectors, and a, b, and c are positive constants, which of the following
forces F applied to the rim of the cone at a point P results in a torque t on the
cone with a negative component Z ?
(A)  P is  0,b,  c 
F  a k, (B)  P is  0, b,  c 
F   a k,
(C) F  a j, P is  b,0,  c  (D) None
19. A uniform rod of length l, hinged at the lower end is free to rotate in the vertical plane. If the rod is
held vertically in the beginning and then released, the angular acceleration of the rod when it
makes an angle of 45 with the horizontal I  ml2 / 3 
3g 6g 2g 2g
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2l 2l l l
20. A man, sitting firmly over a rotating stool has his arms streched. If he folds his arms, the work
done by the man is
(A) zero (B) positive
(C) negative (D) may be positive or negative.
21. A particle of mass 2 kg located at the position ( î  ˆj)m has a velocity 2 (  î  ˆj  k)m/
ˆ s. Its
angular momentum about z-axis in kg-m2/s is:

(A) zero (B) +8 (C) 12 (D) –8
22. In absence of torque the rotational frequency of a body changes from 1 cy/sec to 16 cy/sec, then
ratio of radius of gyration in two cases will be :
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 4 : 1
Question No. 23 & 24 (2 questions)
A uniform rod is fixed to a rotating turntable so that its lower end is on the
axis of the turntable and it makes an angle of 20 to the vertical. (The
rod is thus rotating with uniform angular velocity about a vertical axis
passing through one end.) If the turntable is rotating clockwise as seen
from above.
23. What is the direction of the rod's angular momentum vector (calculated about its lower end)?
(A) vertically downwards (B) down at 20 to the horizontal
(C) up at 20 to the horizontal (D) vertically upwards

24. Is there a torque acting on it, and if so in what direction?

(A) yes, vertically (B) yes, horizontally
(C) yes at 20 to the horizontal (D) no
25. A straight rod of length L is released on a frictionless horizontal floor in a vertical position. As it
falls + slips, the distance of a point on the rod from the lower end, which follows a quarter circular
locus is
(A) L/2 (B) L/4 (C) L/8 (D) None
26. A particle starts from the point (0m, 8m) and moves with uniform velocity of 3 î m/s. After 5
seconds, the angular velocity of the particle about the origin will be :
8 3 24 8
(A) rad/s (B) rad/s (C) rad/s (D) rad/s
289 8 289 17
27. A hinged construction consists of three rhombs with the ratio of sides 5:3:2. Vertex A 3 moves in
the horizontal direction at a velocity v. Velocity of A 2 is
2
(A) 2.5 V (B) 1.5 V (C) V (D) 0.8 V
3
28. A wheel of radius r rolling on a straight line, the velocity of its centre being v. At a certain instant
the point of contact of the wheel with the grounds is M and N is the highest point on the wheel
(diametrically opposite to M). The incorrect statement is:
(A) The velocity of any point P of the wheel is proportional to MP.
(B) Points of the wheel moving with velocity greater than v form a larger area of the wheel than
points moving with velocity less than v.
(C) The point of contact M is instantaneously at rest.
(D) The velocities of any two parts of the wheel which are equidistant from centre are equal.
29. Two points of a rigid body are moving as shown. The angular velocity of the body is:
  2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2R R R 3R

30. There is rod of length  . The velocities of its two ends are v1 and v 2 in opposite directions
normal to the rod. The distance of the instantaneous axis of rotation from v1 is:
v2 v1 
(A) zero (B)  (C) (D)
v1  v 2 v1  v 2 2
31. A disc of radius R is rolling purely on a flat horizontal surface, with a

constant angular velocity. The angle between the velocity and acceleration
vectors of point P is
(A) zero (B) 45
 1
(C) 135 (D) tan1  
 2
32. A ladder of length L is slipping with its ends against a vertical wall and a horizontal floor. At a
certain moment, the speed of the end in contact with the horizontal floor is v and the ladder
makes an angle   30 with the horizontal. Then the speed of the ladder’s center must be-
(A) 2v 3 (B) v/2 (C) v (D) None
33. In the previous question, if dv/dt = 0, then the angular acceleration of the ladder when   45 is
2v 2 v2
(A) (B) (C) 2[v 2 L2 ] (D) None
L2 2L2
34. A sphere of mass M and radius R is attached by a light rod of length l to a

point P. The sphere rolls without slipping on a circular track as shown. It is
released from the horizontal position. the angular momentum of the system
about P when the rod becomes vertical is :
10 10  2 
(A) M gl [l  R] (B) M gl l  5 R 
7 7  
10  7 
(C) M gl l  R  (D) none of the above
7  5 
35. A ball rolls down an inclined plane, figure. The ball is first released from rest from P and then later
from Q. Which of the following statement is/are correct?
(i) The ball takes twice as much time to roll from Q to O as it does to roll from P to O.
(ii) The acceleration of the ball at Q is twice as large as the acceleration at P.
(iii) The ball has twice as much K.E. at O when rolling from Q as it does when rolling from P.
(A) i, ii only (B) ii, iii only
(C) i only (D) iii only

36. In the figure shown a ring A is initially rolling without sliding with a
velocity v on the horizontal surface of the body B (of same mass as
A). All surfaces are smooth. B has no initial velocity. What will be the
maximum height reached by A on B.
3v 2 v2 v2 v2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4g 4g 2g 3g
37. A thin uniform straight rod of mass 2 kg and length 1 m is free to rotate about its upper
end when at rest. It receives an impulsive blow of 10 Ns at its lowest point, normal to
its length as shown in figure. The kinetic energy of rod just after impact is
(A) 75 J (B) 100 J (C) 200 J (D) none
38. Two particles of equal mass m at A and B are connected by a rigid light rod AB lying on a smooth
horizontal table. An impulse J is applied at A in the plane of the table and perpendicular at AB.
Then the velocity of particle at A is:
J J 2J
(A) (B) (C) (D) zero
2m m m
39. A uniform rod AB of length L and mass M is lying on a smooth table. A small
particle of mass m strike the rod with a velocity v 0 at point C a distance x from
the centre O. The particle comes to rest after collision. The value of x, so that
point A of the rod remains stationary just after collision, is :
(A) L/3 (B) L/6
(C) L/4 (D) L/12
40. A uniform rod of mass M has an impulse applied at right angles to one end. If the other end
begins to move with speed V, the magnitude of the impulse is
MV 2MV
(A) MV (B) (C) 2MV (D)
2 3
41. A uniform rod of mass M is hinged at its upper end. A particle of mass m moving
horizontally strikes the rod at its mid point elastically. If the particle comes to rest after
collision find the value of M/m =?
(A) 3/4 (B) 4/3 (C) 2/3 (D) none
42. A thin rod of mass M and length L is struck at one end by a ball of clay of mass
m, moving with speed v as shown in figure. The ball sticks to the rod. After the
collision, the angular momentum of the clay-rod system about A, the midpoint
of the rod, is
 M  vL   M  vL 
(A)  m    (B)  m   
 3  2   12  2 
mvL
(C) (D) mvL
2



1. Two rods of equal mass m and length l lie along the x axis and y axis with their centres origin.
What is the moment of inertia of both about the line x=y :
ml2 ml2 ml2 ml2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 12 6
2. The moment of inertia of semicircular plate of radius R and mass M about axis AA’
in its plane passing through its centre is
MR2 MR2
(A) (B) cos2 
2 4
MR2 MR2
(C) sin2  (D)
2 4
3. A rigid body can be hinged about any point on the x-axis. When it is hinged such that the hinge is
at x, the moment of inertia is given by
I  2x2  12x  27
The x-coordinate of centre of mass is
(A) x = 2 (B) x = 0 (C) x=1 (D) x=3
4. A square plate of mass M and edge L is shown in figure. The moment of

inertia of the plate about the axis in the plane of plate passing through
one of its vertex making an angle 15 from horizontal is.
ML2 11ML2
(A) (B)
12 24
7ML2
(C) (D) none
12
5. The figure shows a uniform rod lying along the x-axis. The locus of all the points lying on the xy-
plane, about which the moment of inertia of the rod is same as that about O is
(A) an ellipse (B) a circle (C) a parabola (D) a straight line
mg
6. A horizontal force F  is applied on the upper surface of a uniform cube of mass ‘m’ and side
3
1
‘a’ which is resting on a rough horizontal surface having s  . The distance between lines of
2
action of ‘mg’ and normal reaction ‘N’ is :
a a a
(A) (B) (C) (D) None
2 3 4

7. A man can move on a horizontal plank supported symmetrically as shown.

The variation of normal reaction on support A with distance x of the man
from the end of the plank is best represented by :
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8. In an experiment with a beam balance on unknown mass m is balanced by two known mass m is
balanced by two known masses of 16 kg and 4 kg as shown in figure.
The value of the unknown mass m is

(A) 10 kg (B) 6 kg (C) 8 kg (D) 12 kg
9. Find minimum height of obstacle so that the sphere can stay in equilibrium.
R R
(A) (B) (C) R 1  sin   (D) R 1  cos  
1  cos  1  sin 
10. The spool shown in figure is placed on rough horizontal surface and has inner
radius r and outer radius R. The angle  between the applied force and the
horizontal can be varied. The critical angle    for which the spool does not roll
and remains stationary is given by-
r   2r  r r
(A)   cos1   (B)   cos1   (C)   cos1 (D)   sin1  
R R R R
11. A cone of radius r and height h rests on a rough horizontal surface, the coefficient of friction
between the cone and the surface being  . A gradually increasing horizontal force F is applied to
the vertex of the cone. The largest value of  for which the cone will slide before it topples is
r 2r r r
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
2h 5h h h
12. A rod hinged at one end is released from the horizontal position as shown
in the figure. When it becomes vertical its lower half separates without
exerting any reaction at the breaking point. Then the maximum angle ‘q’
made by the hinged upper half with the vertical is :
(A) 30 (B) 45 (C) 60 (D) 90

13. A non uniform rod OA of linear mass density    0 x   0  const.  is suspended from ceiling with
hinge joint O & light string as shown in figure. Find the angular acceleration of rod just after the
string is cut.
2g g 4g
L L 3L
14. A sphere is placed rotating with its centre initially at rest in a corner
as shown in figure (a) & (b). Coefficient of friction between all
1
surfaces and the sphere is . Find the ratio of the frictional force
3
fa
by ground in situations (a) & (b).
fb
9 10
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) none
10 9
15. A uniform cylinder of mass m can rotate freely about its own axis which is horizontal. A particle of
mass mo hangs from the end of a light string wound round the cylinder which does not slip over
it. When the system is allowed to move, the acceleration of the descending mass will be
2mo g mo g 2mo g mo g
(A) (B) (C) (D)
m  2mo m  mo m  mo 2m  mo
16. A block of mass m is attached to a pulley disc of equal mass m, radius r by means of a slack
string as shown. The pulley is hinged about its centre on a horizontal table and the block is
projected with an initial velocity of 5 m/s. Its velocity when the string becomes taut will be
(A) 3 m/s (B) 2.5 m/s (C) 5/3 m/s (D) 10/3 m/s
17. A small bead of mass m moving with velocity v gets threaded on a stationary semicircular ring of
mass m and radius R kept on a horizontal table. The ring can freely rotate about its centre. The
bead comes to rest relative to the ring. What will be the final angular velocity of the system?
(A) v/R (B) 2v/R

(C) v/2R (D) 3v/R

18. A man is sitting in a smooth groove on a horizontal circular table at the

edge by holding a rope joined to the centre. The moment of inertia of
table is I. Mass of man = M. Man now pulls the rope so that he comes to
the centre.
The angular velocity of the table :
(A) must increase (B) may increase
(C) must decrease (D) may decrease
19. A child with mass m is standing at the edge of a disc with moment of inertia I,
radius R, and initial angular velocity  . See figure given below. The child
jumps off the edge of the disc with tangential velocity v with respect to the
ground. The new angular velocity of the disc is
I2  mv 2 (I  mR2 )2  mv 2
(A) (B)
I I
I  mvR (I  mR2 )  mvR
(C) (D)
I I
20. Two particles of mass m each are fixed at the opposite ends of a massless rod of length 5m
which is oriented vertically on a smooth horizontal surface and released. Find the displacement of
the lower mass on the ground when the rod makes an angle of 37 with the vertical.
(A) 1.5 m (B) 2m (C) 2.5 m (D) 3.5 m
21. A thin rod of length L is placed vertically on a frictionless horizontal floor and released with a
negligible push to allow it to fall. At any moment, the rod makes an angle  with the vertical. If the
center of mass has acceleration = A, and the rod an angular acceleration   at initial moment,
then -
A
(A) A  L   .sin  (B)   L  .sin 
2
(C) 2A  L   . sin  (D) A  L
22. A ring of radius R rolls without sliding with a constant velocity. The radius of curvature of the path
followed by any particle of the ring at the highest point of its path will be
(A) R (B) 2R
(C) 4R (D) None
23. Inner and outer radii of a spool are r and R respectively. A thread is wound
over its inner surface and placed over a rough horizontal surface. Thread is
pulled by a force F as shown in fig. then in case of pure rolling
(A) Thread unwinds, spool rotates anticlockwise and friction act leftwards
(B) Thread winds, spool rotates clockwise and friction acts leftwards
(C) Thread winds, spool moves to the right and friction act rightwards
(D) Thread winds, spool moves to the right and friction does not come into existence.

24. Portion AB of the wedge shown in figure is rough and BC is smooth. A solid
cylinder rolls without slipping from A to B. The ratio of translational kinetic energy
to rotational kinetic energy, when the cylinder reaches point C is :
(A) 3/4 (B) 5 (C) 7/5 (D) 8/3
25. A disc of radius r is rotating about its centre with an angular speed 0 . It is
gently placed on a rough horizontal surface. After what time it will be in pure
rolling ?
0r 0r
(A) (B)
2g 3g
0 r 3 0 r
(C) (D)
g 2 g
26. A plank of mass M is placed over smooth inclined plane and a sphere is also placed over the
plank. Friction is sufficient between sphere and plank. If plank and sphere are released from rest,
the frictional force on sphere is:
(A) up the plane (B) down the plane (C) horizontal (D) zero
27. A plank with a uniform sphere placed on it rests on a smooth horizontal plane. Plank is pulled to
right by a constant force F. If sphere does not slip over the plank. Which of the following is
incorrect.
(A) Acceleration of the centre of sphere is less than that of the plank.
(B) Work done by friction acting on the sphere is equal to its total kinetic energy.
(C) Total kinetic energy of the system is equal to work done by the force F
(D) None of the above
28. A time varying force F = 2t is applied on a spool rolling as shown in figure. The angular
momentum of the spool at time t about bottommost point is:
r 2t2 (R  r)2 2
(A) (B) t (C) R  r  t 2 (D) data is insufficient
R r

29. A slender uniform rod of length  is balanced vertically at a point P on a horizontal surface
having some friction. If the top of the rod is displaced slightly to the right, the position of its centre
of mass at the time when the rod becomes horizontal :
(A) lies at some point to the right of P
(B) lies at some point to the left of P

(C) must be to the right of P
2
(D) lies at P
30. A solid sphere with a velocity (of centre of mass) v and angular velocity  is gently placed on a
rough horizontal surface. The frictional force on the sphere:
(A) must be forward (in direction of v)
(B) must be backward (opposite to v)
(C) cannot be zero
(D) none of the above
31. A cylinder is pure rolling up an incline plane. It stops momentarily and then rolls back. The force
of friction
(A) on the cyclinder is zero throughout the journey
(B) is directed opposite to the velocity of the centre of mass throughout the journey
(C) is directed up the plane throughout the journey
(D) is directed down the plane throughout the journey
32. A uniform circular disc placed on a rough horizontal surface has initially a velocity v 0 and an
angular velocity 0 as shown in the figure. The disc comes to rest after moving some distance in
v0
the direction of motion. Then is
r0
1 3
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) 2
2 2
33. On a solid sphere lying on a horizontal surface a force F is applied at a height of R/2 from the
centre of mass. The initial acceleration of a point at the top of the sphere is (there is no slipping at
any point)
15F 15F
(A) (B)
7M 14M
30F F
(C) (D)
7M M

Question No. 34 to 39 (6 questions)
In the following problems, indicate the correct direction of friction force acting on the cylinder,
which is pulled on a rough surface by a constant force F.
34. A cylinder of mass M and radius R is pulled horizontally by a force F. The friction force can be
given by which of the following diagrams
(A) (B)
(C) (D) cannot be interpreted
35. A cylinder is pulled horizontally by a force F acting at a point below the centre
of mass of the cylinder, as shown in figure. The friction force can be given by
which of the following diagrams
(A) (B)
36. A cylinder is pulled horizontally by a force F acting at a point above the centre of mass of the
cylinder, as shown in figure. The friction force can be given by which of the following diagrams
(A) (B)

37. A cylinder is placed on a rough plank which in turn is placed on a smooth surface. The plank is
pulled with a constant force F. The friction force can be given by which of the following diagrams
(A) (B)
(C) (D) canot be interpreted
38. A spool is pulled horizontally by a constant force F below the centre of mass. The friction force
can be given by which of the following diagrams
(A) (B)
39. A spool is pulled vertically by a constant force F (< Mg) as shown in figure
The friction force can be given by which of the following diagrams
(A) (B)

40. One ice skater of mass m moves with speed 2v to the right, while another of the same mass m
moves with speed v toward the left, as shown in figure I. Their paths are separated by a distance
b. At t = 0, when they are both at x = 0, they grasp a pole of length b and negligible mass. For t >
0, consider the system as a rigid body of two masses m separated by distance b, as shown in
figure II. Which of the following is the correct formula for the motion after t = 0 of the skater
initially at y = b/2?
(A) x  2vt,y  b / 2
(B) x  vt  0.5b sin(3vt / b),y  0.5b cos(3vt / b)
(C) x  0.5vt  0.5bsin(3vt / b), y  0.5bcos(3vt / b)
(D) x  0.5vt  0.5bsin(6vt / b),y  0.5bcos(6vt / b)
41. Two equal masses each of mass M are joined by a massless rod of length L. Now an impulse MV
is given to the mass M making an angle of 30 with the length of the rod. The angular veloctiy of
the rod just after imparting the impulse is
v 2v v
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these.
L L 2L
42. A ball of mass m moving with velocity v, collide with the wall elastically as shown in the figure.
After impact the change in angular momentum about P is:
(A) 2mvd (B) 2 mvdcos  (C) 2mvdsin (D) zero
43. A uniform rod AB of mass m and length l is at rest on a smooth horizontal surface. An impulse J
is applied to the end B, perpendicular to the rod in the horizontal direction. Speed of particle P at
a distance 1/ 6 from the centre towards A of the rod after time t  πml / 12J is -
J J J J
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D) 2
m 2m m m



ASSERTION AND REASON
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for
statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

Statement-1 : The moment of inertia of a rigid body reduces to its minimum value as compared
to any other parallel axis when the axis of rotation passes through its centre of
mass.
Statement-2 : The weight of a rigid body always acts through its centre of mass in uniform
gravitational field of these statements:
2. Statement-1 : If two different axes are at same distance from centre of mass of a rigid body,
then moment of inertia of the given rigid body about both axis will always be
same.
Statement-2 : From parallel axis theorem I  I cm  md 2 , where all terms have usual meaning.
3. Statement-1 : The moment of inertia of any body is minimum about axis which passes through
its centre of mass as compared to any other parallel axis.
Statement-2 : The entire mass of a body can be assumed to be concentrated at its centre of
mass for applying Newtons force Law.
4. We apply equal torque to two different bodies : a cylinder and a sphere of same mass & radius
about their axes of symmetry. Each of them is initially at rest . After one
complete rotation about axis of symmetry shown.
Statement-1 : Cylinder has higher kinetic energy than sphere.
Statement-2 : Cylinder has higher moment of inertia than sphere.

Statement-1 : A cyclist always bends inwards while negotiating a curve
Statement-2 : By bending he lowers his centre of gravity
6. A uniform thin rod of length L is hinged about one of its end and is free
F
to rotate about the hinge without friction. Neglect the effect of gravity. A
force F is applied at a distance x from the hinge on the rod such that x
force is always perpendicular to the rod. As the value of x is increased from zero to L,
Statement-1 : the component of reaction force by hinge on the rod perpendicular to length of
rod increases.
Statement-2 : the angular acceleration of rod increases.

7. Assume that moon is revolving around earth in absence of any other celestial body.
Statement-1 : The angular momentum of moon about earth’s centre will be conserved.
Statement-2 : In absence of external forces, the momentum of system is always conserved.
8. Statement-1 : A disc A moves on a smooth horizontal plane and rebounds

elastically from a smooth vertical wall (Top view is shown in A
figure), in this case about any point on line XY the angular
momentum of the disc remains conserved. X Y
Statement-2 : About any point in the plane, the torque of gravity force and
normal contact force by ground balance each other
9. Statement-1 : is always true for bodies of all shapes.

Statement-2 : is always true in inertial frames.
10. Statement-1 : A rigid disc rolls without slipping on a fixed rough horizontal surface with uniform
angular velocity. Then the acceleration of lowest point on the disc is zero.
Statement-2 : For a rigid disc rolling without slipping on a fixed rough horizontal surface, the
velocity of the lowest point on the disc is always zero.
11. Statement-1 : The angular velocity of all the points on the rigid body as seen from any other
point on it is the same.
Statement-2 : The distance between any 2 points on the rigid body remains constant.
12. Statement-1 : For a round shape body of radius R rolling on a fixed ground the magnitude of
velocity of its centre is given by R, where is its angular speed.
Statement-2 : When distribution of mass is symmetrical then centre of the round shape body is
its centre of mass.
13. Statement-1 : A body cannot roll on smooth horizontal surface.

Statement-2 : When a body rolls purely, the point of contact should be at rest with respect to
surface.
14. Statement-1 : KE of rotating rigid body in CM frame is I cm 2 , where symbols have usual
meaning.
Statement-2 : In CM frame rigid body can have only pure rotational motion.
MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE
15. A rigid object is rotating in a counterclockwise sense around a fixed axis. If the rigid object rotates
through more than 180 but less than 360 , which of the following pairs of quantities can
represent an initial angular position and a final angular position of the rigid object. Which of the
sets can only occur.
(A) 3 rad, 6 rad (B) – 1 rad, 1 rad
(C) 1 rad, 5 rad (D) –1 rad, 2.5 rad

16. ABCD is a square plate with centre O. The moments of inertia of the plate
about the perpendicular axis through O is I and about the axes 1, 2, 3 & 4
are I1 , I 2 , I 3 & I 4 respectively. It follows that :
(A) I2  I3 (B) I  I1  I 4
(C) I  I 2  I4 (D) I1  I 3
17. A body is in equilibrium under the influence of a number of forces. Each force has a different line
of action. The minimum number of forces required is
(A) 2, if their lines of action pass through the centre of mass of the body.
(B) 3, if their lines of action are not parallel.
(C) 3, if their lines of action are parallel.
(D) 4, if their lines of action are parallel and all the forces have the same magnitude.
18. If a person sitting on a rotating stool with his hands outstretched, suddenly lowers his hands, then
his
(A) Kinetic energy will decrease
(B) Moment of inertia will decrease
(C) Angular momentum will increase
(D) Angular velocity will remain constant
19. A block of mass m moves on a horizontal rough surface with initial velocity v. The height of the
centre of mass of the block is h from the surface. Consider a point A on the surface.
(A) angular momentum about A is mvh initially
(B) the velocity of the block decreases at time passes.
(C) torque of the forces acting on block is zero about A
(D) angular momentum is not conserved about A.
20. A particle falls freely near the surface of the earth. Consider a fixed point O (not vertically below
the particle) on the ground.
(A) Angular momentum of the particle about O is increasing.
(B) Torque of the gravitational force on the particle about O is decreasing.
(C) The moment of inertia of the particle about O is decreasing.
(D) The angular velocity of the particle about O is increasing.
   
21. The torque  on a body about a given point is found to be equal to A  L where A is a constant

vector and L is the angular momentum of the body about that point. From this it follows that
 
(A) dL dt is perpendicular to L at all instants of time
 
(B) the components of L in the direction of A does not change with time

(C) the magnitude of L does not change with time

(D) L does not change with time

22. A man spinning in free space changes the shape of his body, eg. by spreading his arms or curling
up. By doing this, he can change his
(A) moment of inertia (B) angular momentum
(C) angular velocity (D) rotational kinetic energy
23. A ring rolls without slipping on the ground. Its centre C moves with a constant speed u. P is any
point on the ring. The speed of P with respect to the ground is v .
(A) 0  v  2u
(B) v  u, if CP is horizontal
(C) v  u, if CP makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal and P is below the horizontal level of C.
(D) v  2u, if CP is horizontal
24. A small ball of mass m suspended from the ceiling at a point O by a thread of O
length  moves along a horizontal circle with a constant angular velocity .
(A) angular momentum is constant about O 
(B) angular momentum is constant about C
(C) vertical component of angular momentum about O is constant m C
(D) Magnitude of angular momentum about O is constant
25. In the given figure a ball strikes a uniform rod of same mass elastically A
and rod is hinged at point A. Then which of the statement(s) is / are correct?
(A) linear momentum of system (ball + rod) is conserved.
(B) angular momentum of system (ball + rod) about hinged point A is conserved.
(C) kinetic energy of system (ball + rod) before the collision is equal to kinetic u
energy of system just after the collision
(D) linear momentum of ball is conserved.
26. A yo-yo is resting on a perfectly rough horizontal table. Forces F1,F2 and
F3 are applied separately as shown. The correct statement is
(A) when F3 is applied the centre of mass will move to the right.
(B) when F2 is applied the centre of mass will move to the left.
(C) when F1 is applied the centre of mass will move to the right.
(D) when F2 is applied the centre of mass will move to the right.
27. Which of the following statements are correct.

(A) Friction acting on a cylinder without sliding on an inclined surface is always upward along
the incline irrespective of any external force acting on it.
(B) Friction acting on a cylinder without sliding on an inclined surface is may be upward may be
downwards depending on the external force acting on it.
(C) Friction acting on a cylinder rolling without sliding may be zero depending on the external
force acting on it.
(D) Nothing can be said exactly about it as it depends on the friction coefficient on inclined
plane.

28. A plank with a uniform sphere placed on it rests on a smooth horizontal plane. Plank is pulled to
right by a constant force F. If sphere does not slip over the plank. Which of the following is
correct.
(A) Acceleration of the centre of sphere is less than that of the plank.
(B) Work done by friction acting on the sphere is equal to its total kinetic
energy.
(C) Total kinetic energy of the system is equal to work done by the force F
(D) None of the above
29. A hollow sphere of radius R and mass m is fully filled with non viscous liquid of mass m. It is
rolled down a horizontal plane such that its centre of mass moves with a velocity v. If it purely
rolls
5 2
(A) Kinetic energy of the sphere is mv
6
4 2
(B) Kinetic energy of the sphere is mv
5
8
(C) Angular momentum of the sphere about a fixed point on ground is mvR
3
14
(D) Angular momentum of the sphere about a fixed point on ground is mvR
5
30. In the figure shown, the plank is being pulled to the right with a constant speed v. If the cylinder
does not slip then:
(A) the speed of the centre of mass of the cylinder is 2v.
(B) the speed of the centre of mass of the cylinder is zero.
(C) the angular velocity of the cylinder is v/R.
(D) the angular velocity of the cylinder is zero.
31. A uniform disc is rolling on a horizontal surface. At a certain instant B is the point of contact and A
is at height 2R from ground, where R is radius of disc.
(A) The magnitude of the angular momentum of the disc about B is thrice that
about A.
(B) The angular momentum of the disc about A is anticlockwise.
(C) The angular momentum of the disc about B is clockwise
(D) The angular momentum of the disc about A is equal to that about B.
32. A wheel of radius r rolling on a straight line, the velocity of its centre being v. At a certain instant
the point of contact of the wheel with the grounds is M and N is the highest point on the wheel
(diametrically opposite to M). The incorrect statement is:
(A) The velocity of any point P of the wheel is proportional to MP.
(B) Points of the wheel moving with velocity greater than v form a larger area of the wheel than
points moving with velocity less than v.
(C) The point of contact M is instantaneously at rest.
(D) The velocities of any two parts of the wheel which are equidistant from centre are equal.

33. A disc of circumference s is at rest at a point A on a horizontal surface

when a constant horizontal force begins to act on its centre. Between A
and B there is sufficient friction to prevent slipping, and the surface is
smooth to the right of B. AB = s. The disc moves from A to B in time T.
To the right of B,
(A) the angular acceleration of the disc will disappear, linear acceleration will remain
unchanged
(B) linear acceleration of the disc will increase
(C) the disc will make one rotation in time T/2
(D) the disc will cover a distance greater than s in further time T.
COMPREHENSION TYPE
COMPREHENSION # 01
A uniform circular disc of mass 200g and radius 4.0cm is rotated about one of its diameter at an angular
speed of 10 radians/second.
34. The moment of inertia of the circular disc is :
(A) 2.0  105 kgm2 (B) 8.0  10 5 kgm2
(C) 16.0  10 5 kgm2 (D) 4.0  10 5 kgm2
35. The kinetic energy is :

(A) 8.0  103 J (B) 16  10 3 J (C) 4  103 J (D) 2  103 J
36. The angular momentum about the axis of rotation is :

(A) 8.0  10 4 J.s (B) 16  10 4 J.s (C) 4  10 4 J.s (D) 2  104 J.s
COMPREHENSION # 02
A cord is wrapped around the rim of a flywheel 0.5m in radius and a steady pull of 50 N is
exerted on cord as shown in the figure. The wheel is mounted on a frictionless bearing on a
horizontal shaft through the centre. The moment of inertia of wheel is 4kgm2  g  10m / s2 
37. The angular acceleration of the wheel is :

(A) 6.25radian / s2 (B) 12.50radian / s2 50N
(C) 3.25radian / s2 (D) 25radian / s2
38. The work done in winding 5m of cord is :

(A) 100 J (B) 500 J (C) 250 J (D) 125 J
39. If instead of applying a steady pull of 50 N, the mass having a weight 50N hangs from the cord,
the angular acceleration is :
(A) 6.25radian / s2 (B) 12.50radian / s2
(C) 7.76radian / s2 (D) 4.76radian / s 2

COMPREHENSION # 03
Two discs P and Q are mounted coaxially on a vertical axle. The discs have moment of inertia 4I and I
respectively about the common axis. Disc A is imparted an initial angular velocity 2 using the initial
potential energy of a spring compressed by a distance x1. Disc B is imparted an angular velocity  by a
spring having the same spring constant and compressed by a distance x2 . Both the discs rotate in the
clockwise direction.
x1
40. The ratio is :
x2
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 1 : 1 (C) 1 : 2 (D) 2 :1
41. When disc B is brought in contact with disc A, they acquire a common angular velocity in time t.
The average frictional torque on one disc by the other during this period is :
4I  2I  9I 3I
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5t 3t 2t 2t
42. The loss of kinetic energy during the above process is :

I2 I2 I2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) I
2 3 4 5


EXERCISE # 04 SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE (LEVEL # 01)

1. A wheel, of radius 1 m, is rolling purely on a flat, horizontal surface. It’s centre is moving with a
constant horizontal acceleration  3m / s2 . At a moment when the centre of the wheel has a
velocity 3 m/s, then find the acceleration of a point 1/3 m vertically above the centre of the wheel.
2. A rigid body in shape of a triangle has v A  5m / s , v B  10m / s  . Find velocity

of point C.
3. Two masses each of m are attached at mid point B & end point C of massless rod
AC which is hinged at A. It is released from horizontal position as shown. Find
the force at hinge A when rod becomes vertical
4. An isosceles right triangular plate ABC of mass m is free to rotate in vertical plane
about a fixed horizontal axis through A. It is supported by a string such that the side
AB is horizontal. Find the reaction at the support A.
5. A particle of mass m is projected with a velocity u at an angle of  with horizontal. Find the intial
angular momentum of the particle about the highest point of its trajectory.
6. A uniform rod of length l is given an impulse at right angles to its length as shown.
Find the distance of instantaneous centre of rotation from the centre of the rod.
7. A particle of mass 1 kg is moving with constant velocity of 10 m/s along the straight line
y  7x  4. Find the angular momentum of the particle with respect to the point (3,4).
8. Two discs A and B touch each other as in figure. A rope tightly wound on A is
pulled down at 2m / s 2 . Find the friction force between A and B if slipping is
absent
9. A uniform rod AB of length L and mass m is suspended freely at A and hangs

vertically at rest when a particle of same mass m is fired horizontally with speed v to
strike the rod at its mid point. If the particle is brought to rest after the impact. Then
find the impulsive reaction at A.
10. A solid cylinder is released from rest from the top of an inclined plane of inclination 60° where
2  3x
friction coefficient varies with distance x as   . Find the distance travelled by the cylinder
3
on incline before it starts slipping.

11. Two men, each of mass 75 kg , stand on the rim of a horizontal large disc, diametrically opposite
to each other. The disc has a mass 450 kg and is free to rotate about its axis. Each man
simultaneously start along the rim clockwise with the same speed and reaches their original
starting points on the disc. Find the angle turned through by the disc with respect to the ground.
12. A solid sphere of radius 3R, a solid disc of radius 2R and a ring of radius R (all are of mass m) roll
down a rough inclined plane. Their acclerations are a,b and c respectively. Find the ratio of a b
and b c .
13. A uniform disc of radius 1m and mass 2kg is mounted on an axle supported on fixed frictionless
bearings. A light cord is wrapped around the rim of the disc and a mass of 1kg is tied to the free
end. If it is released from rest, then find the tension in the cord.
14. A uniform disc of mass m and radius R rotates about a fixed vertical axis passing through its
centre with angular velocity  . A particle of same mass m and having velocity 2R towards
centre of the disc collides with the disc moving horizontally and sticks to its rim. Find
(a) the angular velocity of the disc.
(b) the impulse on the particle due to disc.
(c) the impulse on the disc due to hinge.
15. A person pulls along a rope wound up around a pulley with a constant
force F for a time interval of t seconds. If a and b are the radii of the inner
and the outer circumference (a < b), then find the ratio of work done by the
person in the two cases shown in the figure is W1 / W2 .
16. A solid sphere of mass m and radius R is placed on a smooth horizontal surface. A sudden blow
is given horizontally to the sphere at a height h = 4R/5 above the centre line. If I is the impulse of
the blow then find -
(a) the minimum time after which the highest point B will touch the ground
(b) the displacement of the centre of mass during this internal.
17. A uniform ball of radius R rolls without slipping between two rails such that the horizontal distance
is d between two contact points of the rail to the ball. If R=10cm, d=16cm and the angular
velocity is 5rad/s then find the velocity of centre of mass of the ball.
18. A cylinder of mass M and radius R is resting on a horizontal platform (which is parallel to the x-y
plane) with its axis fixed along the y axis and free to rotate about its axis. The platform is given a
motion in the x-direction given by x  A cos   t . There is no slipping between the cylinder and
platform. Find the maximum torque acting on the cylinder during its motion.
19. The door of an automobile is open and perpendicular to the body. The automobile starts with an
acceleration of 2 ft / sec 2 , and the width of the door is 30 inches. Treat the door as a uniform
rectangle, and neglect friction to find the speed of its outside edge as seen by the driver when the
door closes.

20. A bit of mud stuck to a bicycle’s front wheel of radius r detaches and is flung horizontally forward
when it is at the top of the wheel. The bicycle is moving forward at a speed v and it is rolling
without slipping. Find the horizontal distance travelled by the mud after detaching from the wheel.
21. On a smooth table two particles of mass m each, travelling with a velocity
v 0 in opposite directions, strike the ends of a rigid massless rod of length
l, kept perpendicular to their velocity. The particles stick to the rod after
the collision.Find the tension in rod during subsequent motion.
22. A slender bar AB is supported in a horizontal position as in figure. At

what distance x from the hinge A should the vertical string DE be
attached to the bar in order that, when it is cut, there will be no
immediate change in the reaction at A.
23. A solid spherical ball which rests in equilibrium at the interior bottom of a fixed spherical globe is
perfectly rough. the ball is struck a horizontal blow of such magnitude that the initial speed of its
1/ 2 1/ 2
centre is v. Prove that, if v lies between 10 dg / 7  and  27 dg / 7  , the ball will leave the
globe, d being the difference between the radii of the ball and globe.
24. A force of constant magnitude F starts acting on a uniform rod AB in gravity free space at the end
A of the rod. The force always remains perpendicular to the rod, even as it moves. The mass of
 
the rod is M and its length L. Then, find the value of the dot product F.a A at any later time(where

a A is acceleration of point A.)
25. A solid uniform sphere of radius R and mass M rolls without slipping with
angular velocity 0 when it encounters a step of height 0.4 R. Find the
angular velocity immediately after inelastic impact with the rough step.





1. A uniform plate of mass m is suspended in each of the ways shown. For each case determine
immediately after the connection at B has been released ;
(a) the angular acceleration of the plate.

(b) the acceleration of its mass center.
2. The disk shown has weight 10 kg. Cylinder A and block B are attached to cords that are wrapped
on the pulley as shown. The coefficient of kinetic friction between block B and the surface is 0.25.
Knowing that the system is released from rest in the position shown, determine
(a) the velocity of cylinder A as it strikes the ground.

(b) the total distance that block B moves before coming to rest.
3. A bar of mass m is held as shown between 4 disks, each of mass m & radius r = 75 mm
Determine the acceleration of the bar immediately after it has been released from rest, knowing
that the normal forces exerted on the disks are sufficient to prevent any slipping and assuming
that ;
(a) m = 5 kg and m  2kg .
(b) the mass m¢ of the disks is negligible.
(c) the mass m of the bar is negligible.
4. Show that, if a uniform heavy right circular cylinder of radius a be rotated about its axis, and laid
gently on two rough horizontal rails at the same level and distant 2a sina apart so that the axis of
the cylinder is parallel to the rails, the cylinder will remain in contact with both rails if the
coefficient of friction   tan , but will initially rise on one rail if   tan .

5. A diwali cracker known as sudarashan chakra works on the principle of thrust. Consider such a
toy the centre of which is hinged.The initial mass of the toy is M0 and radius is R . The toy is in
the shape of a spiral the turns of which are very close (it can be assumed as a disc ).The gases
are ejected tangentially from the end of the toy with a constant velocity u relative to the toy. Find
the angular velocity of the toy when mass remains half.
6. A uniform thin rod with a mass M = 0.60 kg and a length of 0.30 m stands on the
edge of a frictionless table as shown in the figure. The rod is struck , a horizontal
impulse blow at a point 0.20 m above the table top, driving the rod directly off the
table. Determine the orientation of the rod and the position of its C.M. 1 s after the
blow is struck.  g  9.8m / s2 
7. Three particles A, B, C of mass m each are joined to each other by

massless rigid rods to form an equilateral triangle of side a. Another
particle of mass m hits B with a velocity v 0 directed along BC as shown.
The colliding particle stops immediately after impact .
(i) Calculate the time required by the triangle ABC to complete half-revolution in its subsequent
motion.
(ii) What is the net displacement of point B during this interval ?
8. A rod of length R and mass M is free to rotate about a horizontal axis

passing through hinge P as in figure . First it is taken aside such that it
becomes horizontal and then released. At the lowest point the rod hits the
block B of mass m and stops. Find the ratio of masses such that the block
B completes the circle. Neglect any friction.
9. A uniform rod AB is bent in the shape of an arc of circle. Determine the angular acceleration of
the rod immediately after it is released from rest and show that it is independent of  .
10. Assume that the centre of mass of a girl crouching in a light swing has been raised to 1.2m. The
girl has her centre of mass is 3.7m from the pivot of the swing while she is in the crouched
position. The swing is released from rest and at the bottom of the arc the girl stands up
instantaneously, thus raising her centre of mass 0.6m. Find the height of her centre of mass at
the top of the arc.

11. A uniform ball of radius R rolls without slipping between two rails such that the horizontal distance
is d between the two contact points of the rail to the ball. (a) Show that at any instant, velocity of
d2
centre of mass is given as : vcm   R2 
4
Discuss the above expression in the limits d=0 and d=2R. (b) For a uniform ball starting from rest
10gh
and decending a vertical distance h while rolling without slipping down a ramp, v cm  , if
7
10gh
the ramp is replaced with two rails, show that : v cm 
2
5
1  d / 4R 2
2
12. A hollow sphere is released from the top of a movable wedge as shown
m
in the figure. There is no friction between the wedge and the ground.
There is sufficient friction between sphere and wedge to provide pure h
rolling of sphere. Find the velocity of centre of sphere w.r.t. ground just m
before it leaves the wedge horizontally.(Assume masses of the wedge

and sphere are equal & h >> R the radius of sphere)
13. A small ring of mass m is threaded on a horizontal smooth rod which is rotating about its end with
constant angular velocity  . The ring is initially located at the axis of rotation. When the distance
of the ring from the axis becomes r, then find the power required to rotate the system with same
angular velocity.
14. A rod AC of length L and mass m is kept on a horizontal smooth plane.

It is free to rotate and move. A particle of same mass m moving with
velocity v strikes rod at point B which is at a distance L/4 from mid point
making angle 37 with the rod. The collision is elastic. After collision find
(a) the angular velocity of the rod.
(b) the distance which centre of the rod will travel in the time in which it makes half rotation.
(c) the impulse of the impact force.
15. A 20 kg cabinet is mounted on small casters that allow it to move freely    0 

on the floor. If a 100 N force is applied as shown, determine
(a) the acceleration of the cabinet,
(b) the range of values of h for which the cabinet will not tip.



1. A uniform disc of radius R = 20 cm has a round cut as shown in Figure. The
mass of the remaining (shaded) portion of the disc equals m = 7.3 kg. Find the
moment of inertia of such a disc relative to the axis passing through its centre
of inertia and perpendicular to the plane of the disc.
2. A uniform cylinder of radius R is spinned about its axis to the angular velocity 0
and then placed into a corner (Figure). The coefficient of friction between the
corner walls and the cylinder is equal to k. How many turns will the cylinder
accomplish before it stops?
3. A uniform cylinder of radius R and mass M can rotate freely about a stationary
horizontal axis O (Figure). A thin cord of length l and mass m is wound on the
cylinder in a single layer. Find the angular acceleration of the cylinder as a function
of the length x of the hanging part of the cord. The wound part of the cord is
supposed to have its centre of gravity on the cylinder axis.
4. A spool with thread wound on it, of mass m, rests on a rough horizontal surface. Its
moment of inertia relative to its own axis is equal to I   mR 2 ,
where  is a numerical factor, and R is the outside radius of the
spool. The radius of the wound thread layer is equal to r. The
spool is pulled without sliding by the thread with a constant force
F directed at an angle  to the horizontal (Figure). Find:
5. The arrangement shown in Figure consists of two identical uniform solid

cylinders each of mass m, on which two light threads are wound symmetrically.
Find the tension of each thread in the process of motion. The friction in the axle
of the upper cylinder is assumed to be absent.
6. A plank of mass m1 with a uniform sphere of mass m2 placed on it rests on a smooth horizontal
plane. A constant horizontal force F is applied to the plank. With what accelerations will the plank
and the centre of the sphere move provided there is no sliding between the plank and the
sphere?
7. A uniform solid cylinder of radius R = 15 cm rolls over a

horizontal plane passing into an inclined plane forming an angle
  30o with the horizontal (Figure). Find the maximum value of
the velocity v0 which still permits the cylinder to roll onto the
inclined plane section without a jump. The sliding is assumed to be absent.

8. A small body A is fixed to the inside of a thin rigid hoop of radius R and mass
equal to that of the body A. The hoop rolls without slipping over a horizontal
plane; at the moments when the body A gets into the lower position, the
centre of the hoop moves with velocity v0 (Figure). At what values of v0 will
the hoop move without bouncing?
9. A uniform sphere of mass m and radius r rolls without sliding over a

horizontal plane, rotating about a horizontal axle OA (FIGURE). In the
process, the centre of the sphere moves with velocity v along a circle
of radius R. Find the kinetic energy of the sphere.
10. A thin uniform square plate with side l and mass M can rotate freely about a stationary vertical
axis coinciding with one of its sides. A small ball of mass m flying with velocity v at right angles to
the plate strikes elastically the centre of it. Find:
(A) the velocity of the ball v’ after the impact;
(B) the horizontal component of the resultant force which the axis will exert on the plate after
the impact.
11. Two horizontal discs rotate freely about a vertical axis passing through their centres. The
moments of inertia of the discs relative to this axis are equal to I1 and I 2 , and the angular
velocities to 1 and 2 . When the upper disc fell on the lower one, both discs began rotating, after
some time, as a single whole (due to friction). Find:
(A) the steady-state angular rotation velocity of the discs;
(B) the work performed by the friction forces in this process.



EXERCISE # 07 KVPY, OLYMPIADS QUESTIONS

1. If the axis of rotation of the earth were extended into space then it would pass close to
[KVPY 2015]
(A) the moon (B) the sun
(C) the pole star
(D) the centre of mass of all the planets in the solar system
2. A rigid ball rolls without slipping on a surface shown below. [KVPY 2016]
Which one of the following is the most likely representation of the distance travelled by the ball vs
time graph?
distance distance distance
distance
(A) Time
(B) Time
(C) Time
(D) Time
3. Which one of the following four graphs best depiet the variation with x of the moment of inertia
I of a uniform triangular lamina about an axis parallel to its base at a distance x from it:
[KVPY 2016]
h
x
I I
h x h x
(A) (B)
I
I
h x h x
(C) (D)

4. A uniform metal plate shaped like a triangle ABC has a mass of 540 gm. The length of the sides
AB, BC and CA are 3 cm, 5 cm and 4 cm, respectively. The plate is pivoted freely about the point
A. What mass must be added to a vertex, so that the plate can hang with the long edge
horizontal? [KVPY 2016]
(A) 140 gm at C (B) 540 gm at C (C) 140 gm at B (D) 540 gm at B
5. A uniform thin rod of length  4 a  2 a  and of mass  4 m  2 m  is bent and fabricated to form a
square surrounded by semicircles as shown in the figure. The moment of inertia of this frame
about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane is [NSEP 2014]
 4  2  4     4  3  3   
(A) ma 2 (B) ma 2 (C) ma 2 (D) ma 2
3 2 3 2
6. A body of mass m and radius R rolling horizontally without slipping at a speed v climbs a ramp to
3v 2
a height . The rolling body can be [NSEP 2015]
4g
(A) a sphere (B) a circular ring (C) a spherical shell (D) a circular disc
7. A particle of mass 10 g starts from rest at t = 0 s from a point (0 m, 4 m) and gets accelerated at
0.5 m / s 2 along x  3 y  4 3  0 in XY plane. The angular momentum of the particle about
the origin (in SI units) at t = 2 s is [NSEP 2015]
(A)  0.01 3 kˆ (B)  0.02 3 kˆ (C) zero (D)  20 3 kˆ
8. A yo-yo has a spool of mass m and radius R. A massless string is wound around an axle of
radius b and of negligible mass. If the yo-yo released from rest has a downward acceleration of
g R
, the ratio is [NSEP 2015]
9 b
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
9. Two particles, each of mass m and charge q are attached at the ends of a light rod of length 2r.
The rod is rotated at a constant angular speed  about an axis perpendicular to the rod passing
through its centre. The ratio of magnetic moment of the system to its angular momentum is
[NSEP 2015]
q q 2q q
(A) (B) (C) (D)
m 2m m 4m
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EXERCISE # 08 JEE (MAIN) CORNER

1. In the circuit below, A and B represent two inputs and C represents the output.
The circuit represents [2006]
(A) NOR gate (B) AND gate (C) NAND gate (D) OR gate
2. A solid sphere of mass M, radius R and having moment of inertia about an axis passing through
the centre of mass as I, is recast into a disc of thickness t, whose moment of inertia about an
axis passing through its edge and perpendicular to its plane remains I . Then, radius of the disc
will be [2006]
(A) 2R 15 (B) R 2 15 (C) 4R 15 (D) R/4
3. A ball moves over a fixed track as shown in the figure. From A to B the ball rolls without slipping.
Surface BC is frictionless. K A ,K B and K C are kinetic energies of the ball at A, B and C,
respectively. Then [2006]
(A) h A  hC ; K B  K C
(B) h A  hC ; K C  K A
(C) h A  hC ; K B  K C
(D) hA  hC ; K B  K C
4. For the given uniform square lamina ABCD, whose centre is O. [2007]
F
D C

O
A B
E
(A) 2 I AC  I EF (B) I AD  3 I EF (C) I AC  I EF (D) I AC  2 I EF

5. A round uniform body of radius R, mass M and moment of inertia I rolls down (without slipping) an
inclined plane making an angle  with the horizontal. Then its acceleration is - [2007]
g sin  g sin  g sin  g sin 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  I / MR 2 2
1  MR / I 1  I / MR 2
1  MR 2 / I

6. Angular momentum of the particle rotating with a central force is constant due to [2007]
(A) Constant force (B) Constant linear momentum
(C) Zero torque (D) Constant torque
7. Consider a uniform square plate of side ‘a’ and mass ‘m’. The moment of inertia of this plate
about an axis perpendicular to its plane and passing through one of its corners is- [2008]
5 2 1 7 2 2
(A) ma (B) ma 2 (C) ma 2 (D) ma
6 12 12 3
8. A thin uniform rod of length  and mass m is swinging freely about a horizontal axis passing
through its end. Its maximum angular speed is . Its centre of mass rises to a maximum height
of [2009]
1  2 2 1  1  2 2 1  2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 g 6 g 2 g 6 g
9. A small particle of mass m is projected at an angle  with the x  axis with an intial velocity v 0 in
v0 sin 
the x  y plane as shown in the figure. At a time t  , the angular momentum of the
g
particle is [2010]
y
v0

x
(A)  mgv0t 2 cos  j (B) mgv0t cos  k

1 1
(C)  mgv0t 2 cos  k (D) mgv0t 2 cos  i
2 2
where i, j and k are unit vectors along x, y and z  axis respectively.
10. A mass m hangs with the help of a string wrapped around a pully on a frictionless bearing. The
pulley has mass m and radius R. Assuming pulley to be a perfect uniform circular disc, the
acceleration of the mass m, if the string does not slip on the pulley, is - [2011]
2 g 3
(A) g (B) g (C) (D) g
3 3 2

11. A thin horizontal circular disc is rotating about a vertical axis passing through its centre. An insect
is at rest at a point near the rim of the disc. The insect now moves along a diameter of the disc to
reach its other end. During the journey of the insect, the angular speed of the disc: [2011]
(A) Continuously decreases (B) Continuously increases
(C) First increases and then decreases (D) Remains unchanged
12. A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F   20t  5t 2  Newton (where t is
measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of
rotation made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is- [2011]
(A) more tha 3 but less than 6 (B) more than 6 but less than 9
(C) more than 9 (D) less than 3
13. A hoop of radius r and mass m rotating with an angular velocity  0 is placed on a rough
horizontal surface. The initial velocity of the centre of the hoop is zero. What will be the velocity of
the centre of the hoop when it ceases to slip? [2013]
r0 r0 r0
(A) (B) (C) r 0 (D)
3 2 4
14. A mass ‘m’ is supported by a massless string wound around a uniform hollow cylinder of mass m
and radius R. If the string does not slip on the cylinder, with what acceleration will the mass fall on
release? [2014]
R
m
5g 2g g
(A) (B) g (C) (D)
6 3 2
15. From a solid sphere of mass M and radius R a cube of maximum possible volume is cut. Moment
of inertia of cube about an axis passing through its center and perpendicular to one of its faces is:
[2015]
MR 2 4 MR 2 4 MR 2 MR 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 2 9 3 3 3 32 2 

16. A particle of mass m is moving along the side of a square of side ‘a’, with a uniform speed v in the
x-y plane as shown in the figure :

Which of the following statements is false for the angular momentum L about the origin?
[2016]
  R 
(A) L  mv   a  k when the particle is moving from C to D.
 2 
  R 
(B) L  mv   a  k when the particle is moving from B to C.
 2 

(C) L  mv R k when the particle is moving from D to A.
  mv
(D) L R k when the particle is moving from A to B.
2
17. A roller is made by joining together two cones at their vertices O. It is kept on two rails AB and CD
which are placed asymmetrically (see figure), with its axis perpendicular to CD and its centre O at
the centre of line joining AB and CD (see figure). It is given a light push so that it starts rolling with
its centre O moving parallel to CD in the direction shown. As it moves, the roller will tend to:
[2016]
(A) turn right (B) go straight

(C) turn left and right alternately (D) turn left
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EXERCISE # 09 JEE (ADVANCED) CORNER

1. A solid sphere of mass M, radius R and having moment of inertia about an axis passing through
the centra of mass as I, is recast into a disc of thickness t, whose moment of inertia about an axis
passing through its edge and perpendicular to its plane remains I. Then, radius of the disc will
be- [2006]
2R 2 4R R
(A) (B) R (C) (D)
15 15 15 4
2. A solid cylinder of mass m and radius r is rolling on a rough inclined plane of inclination . The
coefficient of friction between the cylinder and incline is . Then - [2006]
(A) Frictional force is always mgcos  (B) Friction is a dissiparive force
(C) by decreasing , frictional force decreases
(D) Friction opposes translation and supports rotation
3. A ball moves over a fixed track as shown in the figure. From A to B the ball rolls without slipping.
Surface BC is frictionless. K A ,K B and K C are kinetic energies of the ball at A, B and C,
respectively. Then - [2006]
(A) hA  hC ; K B  K C (B) h A  hC ; K C  K A
(C) hA  hC ; K B  K C (D) hA  hC ; K B  K C
COMPREHENSION
Two discs A and B are mounted coaxially on a vertical axle. The discs have moments of inertia I and 2I
respectively about the common axis. Disc A is imparted an initial angular velocity 2 using the entire
potential energy of a spring compressed by a distance x 1 . Disc B is imparted an angular velocity  by a
spring having the same spring constant and compressed by a distance x 2 . Both the discs rotate in the
clockwise direction. [2007]
4. The ration x1 / x 2 is -
1 1
(A) 2 (B) (C) 2 (D)
2 2
5. When disc B is brought in contact with disc A, they acquire a common angular velocity in time t.
The average frictional torque on one disc by the other during this period is -
2I 9I 9I 3I
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3t 3t 4t 2t

6. The loss of kinetic energy the above process is -

I2 I2
(A) (B)
2 3
I2 I2
(C) (D)
4 6
7. A small object of uniform density rolls up a curved surface with an initial velocity v. It reaches upto
3v 2
maximum height of with respect to the initial position. The object is [2007]
4g
v
(A) ring (B) solid sphere
(C) hollow sphere (D) disc
8. Statement – 1 : If there is no external torque on a body about its center of mass, then the velocity
of the center of mass remains constant. [2007]
becuase
Statement – 2 : The linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(B) Statement -1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement -2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(C) Statement -1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
(D) Statement -1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
9. Statement – 1 : Two cylinders, one hollow (metal) and the other solid (wood) with the same mass
and identical dimensions are simultaneously allowed to roll without slipping down an inclined
plane from the same height. The hollow cylinder will reach the bottom of the inclined plane first.
[2008]
And
Statement – 2 : By the principle of conservation of energy, the total kinetic energies of both the
cylinders are identical when they reach the bottom of the incline.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(B) Statement -1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement -2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(C) Statement -1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
(D) Statement -1 is False, Statement-2 is True.

10. A block of base 10cm  10cm and height 15 cm is kept on an inclined plane. The coefficient of
friction between them is 3. The inclination  of this inclined plane from the horizontal plane is
gradually increased from 0. Then [2009]
(A) at   30, the block will start sliding down the plane
(B) the block will remain at rest on the plane up to certain  and then it will topple
(C) at   60, the block will start sliding down the plane and continue to do so at higher angles
(D) at   60, the block will start sliding down the plane and on further increasing , it will
topple at certain 
11. If the resultant of all the external forces acting on a system of particles is zero, then from an
inertial frame, one can surely say that [2009]
(A) Linear momentum of the system does not change in time
(B) Kinetic energy of the system does not change in time
(C) Angular momentum of the system does not change in time
(D) Potential energy of the system does not change in time
12. Column II shows five systems in which two objects are labeled as X and Y. Also in each case a
point P is shown. Column I gives some statements about X and/or Y. Match these statements to
the appropriate system(s) from Column II. [2009]
Column – I Column – II
Block Y of mass M left on a
The force exerted by X on fixed inclined plane X,
(A) (p)
Y has a magnitude Mg slides on it with a constant
velocity
Two ring magnets Y and Z, each
of mass M, are kept in frictionless
vertical plastic stand so that they
The gravitational potential repel each other. Y rests on the
(B) energy of X is (q) base X and Z hangs in air in
continuously increasing equilibrium. P is the topmost point
of the stand on the common axis
of the two rings. The whole system is in a lift that is
going up with a constant velocity.
A pulley Y of mass m0 is fixed to a table through a
Mechanical energy of the clamp X. A block of mass M hangs from a string that
(C) system X Y is (r) goes over the pulley and is fixed at point P of the
continuously decreasing table. The whole system is kept in a lift that is going
down with a constant velocity

A sphere Y of mass M is put in a nonviscous liquid X

kept in a container at rest. The sphere is released
and it moves down in the liquid.
The torque of the weight
(D) (s)
of Y about point P is zero
A sphere Y of mass M is falling with its terminal

velocity in a viscous liquid X kept in a container.
(t)
13. A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted at the centre. Its two ends
are attached to two springs of equal spring constants k. The springs are fixed
to rigid supports as shown in the figure, and rod is free to oscillate in the
horizontal plane. The rod is gently pushed through a small angle  in one
direction and released. The frequency of oscillation is [2009]
1 2k 1 k 1 6k 1 24k
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 M 2 M 2 M 2 M
14. A sphere is rolling without slipping on a fixed horizontal plane surface. In the figure, A is the point
of contact, B is the centre of the sphere and C is its topmost point. Then, [2009]
       
(A) 
V C  V A  2 VB  V C  (B) V C  VB  V B  V A
      
(C) V C  V A  2 VB  V C (D) VC  V A  4 VB

15. A boy is pushing a ring of mass 2kg and radius 0.5m with a stick as shown in the figure. The stick
applies a force of 2N on the ring and rolls is without slipping with an acceleration of 0.3 m/s2. The
coefficient of friction between the ground and the ring is large enough that rolling always occurs
and the coefficient of friction between the tick and the ring is (P/10). The value of P is [2011]
16. A thin ring of mass 2kg and radius 0.5 m is rolling without on a horizontal plane with velocity
1m/s. A small ball of mass 0.1kg, moving with velocity 20m/s in the opposite direction hits the ring
at a height of 0.75 m and goes vertically up with velocity 10m/s Immediately after the collision
[2011]
(A) the ring has pure rotation about its stationary CM.
(B) the ring comes to a complete stop
(C) friction between the ring and the ground is to the left
(D) there is no friction between the ring and the ground
17. A small mass m is attached to a massless string whose other end is fixed at P as shown in the
figure. The mass is undergoing circular motion in the x-y plane with centre at O and constant
angular speed . If the angular momentum of the system, calculated about O and P are denoted
 
by L O and LP respectively, then- [2012]
 
(A) LO and LP do not vary with time.
 
(B) LO varies with time while LP remains constant.
 
(C) LO remains constant while LP varies with time.
 
(D) LO and LP both vary with time.

18. A thin uniform rod, pivoted at O, is rotating in the horizontal plane

with constant angular speed ω, as shown in the figure. At time t = 0,
a small insect starts from O and moves with constant speed v, with
respect to the rod towards the other end. It reaches the end of the
rod at t = T and stops. The angular speed of the system remains ω

 
throughout. The magnitude of the torque  about O, as a function
of time is best represented by which plot? [2012]
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
19. A lamina is made by removing a small disc of diameter 2R from a bigger disc of uniform mass
density and radius 2R, as shown in the figure. The moment of inertia of this lamina about axes
passing thought O and P is IO and IP respectively. The ratio IP/IO to the nearest integer is
[2012] [3]
20. Consider a disc rotating in the horizontal plane with a constant

angular speed  about its centre O. The disc has a shaded region
on one side of the diameter and an unshaded region on the other
side as shown in the figure. When the disc is in the orientation as
shown, two pebbles P and Q are simultaneouslyprojected at an
angle towards R. The velocity of projection is in the y-z plane and is
same for both pebbles with respect to the disc. Assume that [2012]
1
(i) They land back on the disc before the disc completed rotation.
8
(ii) Their range is less than half disc radius, and
(iii)  remains constant throughout. Then
(A) P lands in the shaded region and Q in the unshaded region.
(B) P lands in the unshaded region and Q in the shaded region.
(C) Both P and Q land in the unshaded region.
(D) Both P and Q land in the shaded region.

21. Two identical discs of same radius R are rotating about their axes in opposite directions with the
same constant angular speed . The disc are in the same horizontal plane. At time t = 0, the
points P and Q are facing each other as shown in the figure. The relative speed between the two
points P amd Q is v r as function of times best represented by - [2012]
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Passage –
The general motion of rigid body can be considered to be combination of (i) a motion of its centre of
mass an axis, and (ii) its motion about an instantaneous axis passing, through the centre of mass.
These axes need not be stationary. Consider, for example, a thin uniform disc welded (rigidly fixed)
horizontally at its rim to a massless, stick, as shown in the
figure. When the disc-stick system is rotated about the
origin on a horizontally at its rim to a is rotated about the
origin on a horizontal frictionless plane with angular speed
, the motion at any instant can be taken as a combination
of (i) a rotation of the centre
of mass of the disc about the z-axis and (ii) a rotation of the disc through an instantaneous vertical axis
passing through its centre of mass (as is seen from the changed orientation of point P and Q). Both these
motions have the same angular speed  in this case
Now consider two similar systems as shown in the figure: Case (a) the disc with its face vertical and
parallel to x-z plane; Case (b) the disc with its face making an angle of 45° with x-y plane and its
horizontal diameter parallel to x-axis. In both the cases, the disc is welded at point P, and the systems are
rotated with constant angular speed  about the z-axis. [2012]

22. Which of the following statement about the instantaneous axis (passing through the centre of
mass) is correct?
(A) It is vertical for both the cases (a) and (b)
(B) IT is vertical for case (a); and is at 45° to the x-z plane and is normal to the plane of the disc for
case (b).
(C) It is horizontal for case (a); and is at 45° to the x-z plane and is normal to the plane of the disc
for case (b).
(D) It is vertical for case (a); and is 45° to the x-z plane and is normal to the plane of the disc for
case (b).
23. Which of the following statements regarding the angular speed about the instantaneous axis
(passing through the centre of mass) is correct?
(A) It is 2 for both the cases (B) It is  for case (a) and  / 2 for case (b)
(C) It is  for case (a); and 2 for case (i) (D) It is  for both the cases.
24. The figure shows a system consisting of (i) a ring of outer radius 3 rolling clockwise without
slipping on a horizontal surface with angular speed  (ii) an inner disc of radius 2R rotating anti-
clockwise with angular speed  / 2 . The ring and disc are separated by frictionless ball bearings.
The point P on the inner disc is at a distance R from the origin, where OP makes an angle of 30°
with the horizontal. Then with respect to the horizontal surface, [2012]
(A) The point O has linear velocity 3Ri
11  3
(B) The point P has linear velocity Ri  Rk
4 4
13  3
(C) The point P has linear velocity Ri  Rk
4 4
 3  1
(D) The point P has linear velocity  3  Ri  Rk
 4  4
 
25. Two solid cylinders P and Q of same mass and same radius start rolling down a fixed inclined
plane from the same height at the same time. Cylinder P has most of its mass concentrated near
its surface, while Q has most of its mass concentrated near the axis. Which statement(s) is (are)
correct? [2012]
(A) Both cylinders P and Q reach the ground at the same time.
(B) Cylinders p has larger linear acceleration than cylinder Q.
(C) Both cylinders reach the ground with same translational kinetic energy
(D) Cylinder Q reaches the ground with larger angular speed
26. A uniform circular disc of mass 50kg and radius 0.4 m is rotating with an angular velocity of 10
-1
rad s about its own axis, which is vertical. Two uniform circular ring, each of mass 6.25 kg and
radius 0.2m, are gently placed symmetrically on the disc in such a manner that they are touching
each other along the axis of the disc and are horizontal. Assume that the friction is large enough
such that the rings are at rest relative to the disc and the system rotates about the original axis.
The new angular velocity (in rad s-1) of the system is. [2013]

27. A uniform circular disc of mass 1.5 kg and radius 0.5 m is initially at rest on a
horizontal frictionless surface. Three forces of equal magnitude F = 0.5 N are
applied simultaneously along the three sides of an equilateral triangle XYZ
with its vertices on the perimeter of the disc (see figure). One second after
applying the forces, the angular speed of the disc in rad s1 is – [2014]
28. A horizontal circular platform of radius 0.5 m and mass 0.45 kg is free to
rotate about its axis. Two massless spring toy-guns, each carrying a steel
ball of mass 0.05 kg are attached to the platform at a distance 0.25 m from
the centre on its either sides along its diameter (see figure). Each gun
simultaneously fires the balls horizontally and perpendicular to the diameter
in opposite directions. After leaving the platform, the balls have horizontal
speed of 9ms 1 with respect to the ground. The rotational speed of the
platform in rad s1 after the balls leave the platform is – [2014]
29. Two identical uniform discs roll without slipping on two different surfaces AB and CD (see figure)
starting at A and C with linear speeds v 1 and v 2 , respectively, and always remain in contact with
the surfaces. If they reach B and D with the same linear speed and v1  3m / s, then v 2 in m/s is
 g  10 m / s 
2
[2015]
30. A ring of mass M and radius R is rotating with angular speed  about a fixed
vertical axis passing through its centre O with two point masses each of mass
M
at rest at O. These masses can move radially outwards along two
8
massless rods fixed on the ring as shown in the figure. At some instant the
8
angular speed of the system is  and one of the masses is at a distance of
9
3
R from O. At this instant the distance of the other mass from O is -
5
[2015]
2 1 3 4
(A) R (B) R (C) R (D) R
3 3 5 5

31. A uniform wooden stick of mass 1.6 kg and length  rests in an inclined manner on a smooth,
vertical wall of height h     such that a small portion of the stick extends beyond the wall. The
reaction force of the wall on the stick is perpendicular to the stick. The stick makes an angle of
300 with the wall and the bottom of the stick is on a rough floor. The reaction of the wall on the
stick is equal in magnitude to the reaction of the floor on the stick. The ratio h /  and the
frictional force f at the bottom of the stick are  g  10 ms 
2
[2016]
h 3 16 3 h 3 16 3
(A)  ,f  N (B)  ,f  N
 16 3  16 3
h 3 3 8 3 h 3 3 16 3
(C)  ,f  N (D)  ,f  N
 16 3  16 3
 
32. The position vector r of a particle of mass m is given by the following equation r  t   t 3 i   t 2 j,
where   10 / 3m s 3 ,   5m s 2 and m = 0.1 kg. At t = 1 s, which of the following statement(s)
is(are) true about the particle? [2016]
 
(A) The velocity v is given by v  10i  10 j ms1
 
 
(B) The angular momentum L with respect to the origin is given by L    5 / 3  k Nms
 
(C) The force F is given by F  i  2j N
 
 
(D) The torque  with respect to the origin is given by     20 / 3  k Nm
33. Two thin circular discs of mass m and 4m, having radii of a and 2a, respectively, are rigidly fixed
by a massless, rigid rod of length   24 a through their centers. This assembly is laid on a firm
and flat surface, and set rolling without slipping on the surface so that the angular speed about

the axis of the rod is  . The angular momentum of the entire assembly about the point ‘O’ is L
(see the figure). Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true? [2016]
(A) The magnitude of angular momentum of the assembly about its center of mass is
17ma 2  / 2

(B) The magnitude of the z-component of L is 55ma2 
(C) The magnitude of angular momentum of center of mass of the assembly about the point O
is 81ma2 
(D) The center of mass of the assembly rotates about the z-axis with an angular speed of  / 5

COMPREHENSION
A frame of reference that is accelerated with respect to an inertial frame of reference is called a non-
inertial frame of reference. A coordinate system fixed on a circular disc rotating about a fixed axis with
constant angular velocity  is an example of a non-inertial frame of reference. The relationship

between the force Frot experienced by a particle of mass m moving on the rotating disc and the force

Fin experienced by the particle in an inertial frame of reference is -
      
  
Frot  Fin  2m v rot    m  r  , 
 
where v rot is the velocity of the particle in the rotating frame of reference and r is the position vector of
the particle with respect to the centre of the disc.
Now consider a smooth slot along a diameter of a disc of radius R rotating counter-clockwise with a
constant angular speed  about its vertical axis through its center. We assign a coordinate system with
the origin at the center of the disc, the x-axis along the slot, the y-axis perpendicular to the slot and the

z-axis along the rotation axis   k . A small block of mass m is gently placed in the slot at
 

r  R / 2 i at t = 0 and is constrained to move only along the slot. [2016]
34. The distance r of the block at time t is -

R 2 t R
(A)
4

e  e2 t  (B)
2
cos 2t
R R t
(C)
2
cos t (D)
4

e  e t 
35. The net reaction of the disc on the block is -

(A) m  2 R cos  tj  mgk (B) m  2R sin  tj  mgk
1 1
(C) m2R et  et j  mgk
  (D) m2R e2 t  e 2 t j  mgk
 
2 2

36. A rigid uniform bar AB of length L is slipping from its vertical position on a frictionless floor (as
shown in the figure). At some instant of time the angle made by the bar with the vertical is .
Which of the following statements about its motion is/are correct? [2017]
(A) The trajectory of the point A is a parabola

(B) Instantaneous torque about the point in contact with the floor is proportional to sin 
(C) The midpoint of the bar will fall vertically downward
(D) When the bar makes an angle  with the vertical the displacement of its midpoint from the
initial position is proportional to 1  cos  
37. A wheel of radius and mass is placed at the bottom of a fixed step of height as shown in
the figure. A constant force is continuously applied on the surface of the wheel so that it just
climbs the step without slipping. Consider the torque  about an axis normal to the plane of the
paper passing through the point Q. Which of the following options is/are correct? [2017]
(A) If the force is applied at point tangentially then  decreases continuously as the wheel
climbs
(B) If the force is applied normal to the circumference at point then  is constant
(C) If the force is applied normal to the circumference at point then  is zero
(D) If the force is applied tangentially at point then   0 but the wheel never climbs the step


ANSWER KEYS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A B B B C A C C B D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B A C B D B B C A B
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
D D B B B C D D B C
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B C A D D B A B B B
41 42
A C

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C D D B B B B C D A
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C C C B A D C B D A
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C C B B B D D C A D
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
C A A A A D B A A C
41 42 43
C B D

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B D B D B D B B D D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D A
A B CD ABCD BCD B ABD ACD
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
BC ACD C BC
ABC ACD ACD BCD BC C
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B C A A
ABC D BCD C D A

41 42
A D

28mg
Q.1 5m / s2 Q.2 5 5 m/s Q.3 Q.4 2mg/3
5
mu3 sin2  cos  l2
Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 21 2 kgm2 / s, remains constant
2g 12x
mv 1 4
Q.8 2N Q.9 Q.10 m Q.11
4 3 5
a 15 b 4
Q.12  and  Q.13 5N
b 14 c 3
 37 37 a2
Q.14 (a) , (b) m R , (c) m R Q.15
3 3 3 b2
Rm R
Q.16 (a) t  ; (b) s  Q.17 0.3 m/s
2I 2
 1 2 2mv 0 2
Q.18   MRA Q.19 15 ft/sec Q.20 16rv 2 g Q.21
 2 l
50
Q.22 2l / 3 Q.24 4F2 / M Q.25
7
1.2g
Q.1 (i) (a) (cw) (b) 03.(î  2 ˆj )g
c
(ii) (a) 24 g/17 c (cw) (b) 12 g/17 
(iii) (a) 2.4 g/c(cw) (b) 0.5 g 
150 44
Q.2 (a) m/s, (b) m
13 13
Q.3 (i) (a) 5g/9  (b) g  (c) 0
13g 2g
(ii) (a)  (b) g  (c) 
17 3
4u
Q.5 w=
R

2 1 
200
Q.6 [10, – 4.75 m] w.r.t. initial position of lower end of rod, rad with upward vertical
3
6a a 2 M
Q.7 (i) t 
3 0
; (ii) s 
3

1  2  3  Q.8
m
 15 Q.9 g/2b
3
Q.10 2.3 m Q.12 gh Q.13 2mw 3 r 2
7
72 v  24mV
Q.14 (a) , (b) , (c)
55  3 55
Q.15 (a) 5m / s 2 , (b) 0.3  h  1.5m

I   37 / 72  mR 2  0.15 kg m 2 n  1  k 2  02 R / 8 k  k  1 g .
1. 2.
  2 mgx / Rl  M  2 m 
3.
2
F  cos   r / R  F 2t 2  cos   r / R 
4. (A) wx  ; (B) A
m 1    2m 1   
T  1 / 10 mg w1  F /  m1  2 / 7 m2  ; w2  2 / 7 w1
5. 6.
v0  1/ 3gR  7cos   4   1.0 m / s v0  8 gR
7. 8.
T  7 / 10 mv2 1  2 / 7 r 2 / R 2 
9.
3m  4M 8 Mv 2
10. (A) v  v; (B) F 2
3m  4m l 1  4 M / 3m 
I11  I 22 I1 I 2 2
11. (A)  ; (B) A 1  2 
I1  I 2 2  I1  I 2 
EXERCISE # 07 KVPY, OLYMPIADS CORNER
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C D A C C D B C B
EXERCISE # 08 JEE (MAIN) CORNER
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D A AB C A C D D C B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
C A B D B AC D
EXERCISE # 09 JEE (ADVANCED) CORNER

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A CD ABD C A B D D D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C BC 4 C C B 3 A
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A A D AB D 8 2 4 7 D
31 32 33 34 35 36 37
D ABD D OR AD D C ACD C or CD

Physics - Rotational Dynamics, - Complete Module - 69

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ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS

 CONCEPTS IN BRIEF (ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS) 69 – 90

WEIGHTAGE OF ‘ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS’ IN

JEE (MAIN) Formely known as AIEEE

If the above body is rigid VA cos 1  VB cos  2

Types of Motion of rigid body

Pure Translational Pure Rotational Combined Translational and

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

1. PURE TRANSLATIONAL MOTION:

Ex : A box is being pushed on a horizontal surface. 10

Axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of rotation of particles.

3. COMBINED TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL MOTION:

MOMENT OF INERTIA (I):

Moment of Inertia depends on:

Moment of inertia does not change if the mass:

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Moment of Inertia is a scalar positive quantity.

Moment of Inertia of:

(III) For a continuous object:

r = perpendicular distance of the particle from the axis

TWO IMPORTANT THEOREMS ON MOMENT OF INERTIA:

Where, Iz  moment of inertia of the body about z axis. x

Ix  moment of inertia of the body about x axis.

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

MOMENT OF INERTIA OF SOME STANDARD BODIES ABOUT DIFFERENT AXES

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Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

Cylindrical shell MR2 R

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Hollow cylinder with

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

About its diametric

About its diametric 2 2

Hollow sphere of inner

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Axis joining the

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

PARAMETERS IMPORTANT WHILE STUDYING ROTATIONAL MOTION

(4) 2 radian  360  1 revolution.

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The angular displacement per unit time is defined as angular velocity.

The rate of change of angular velocity is defined as angular acceleration.

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

EQUATIONS OF LINEAR MOTION AND ROTATIONAL MOTION.

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TORQUE ABOUT AXIS

Point of application of gravitational force is known as the centre of gravity.

F1t  M1a1t  M1r1 F2t  M2 a2b  M2r2 

Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!

Body is in mechanical equilibrium if Fnet  0 & net  0

ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A PARTICLE ABOUT A POINT

FOR SYSTEM OF PARTICLES:

 =  +  +  + .................... about the same point.

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ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A RIGID BODY ROTATING ABOUT FIXED AXIS:

CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM

RELATION BETWEEN TORQUE AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM

  dt  J J  d Change in angular momentum.

COMBINED TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL MOTION OF A RIGID BODY