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    Assignment 2

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    Mahima Vishwakarma
    The document summarizes key socio-economic aspects found in two ancient Indian texts - the Rig Veda and Arthashastra. [1] The Rig Veda describes a tribal pastoral society with cattle rearing as the dominant economic activity. [2] Social stratification and mobility were present but not rigid castes. [3] The Arthashastra describes a more settled agrarian society with an established varna system and urbanization around cities, while private property and taxes emerged as economic aspects.

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    Assignment 2

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    Mahima Vishwakarma
    7 views6 pages
    The document summarizes key socio-economic aspects found in two ancient Indian texts - the Rig Veda and Arthashastra. [1] The Rig Veda describes a tribal pastoral society with cattle rearing as the dominant economic activity. [2] Social stratification and mobility were present but not rigid castes. [3] The Arthashastra describes a more settled agrarian society with an established varna system and urbanization around cities, while private property and taxes emerged as economic aspects.

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    The document summarizes key socio-economic aspects found in two ancient Indian texts - the Rig Veda and Arthashastra. [1] The Rig Veda describes a tribal pastoral society with cattle rearing as the dominant economic activity. [2] Social stratification and mobility were present but not rigid castes. [3] The Arthashastra describes a more settled agrarian society with an established varna system and urbanization around cities, while private property and taxes emerged as economic aspects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    7 views6 pages

    Assignment 2

    Uploaded by

    Mahima Vishwakarma
    The document summarizes key socio-economic aspects found in two ancient Indian texts - the Rig Veda and Arthashastra. [1] The Rig Veda describes a tribal pastoral society with cattle rearing as the dominant economic activity. [2] Social stratification and mobility were present but not rigid castes. [3] The Arthashastra describes a more settled agrarian society with an established varna system and urbanization around cities, while private property and taxes emerged as economic aspects.

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    MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,BHOPAL, M.P.

    -4620003
    M.PLAN(URBAN PLANNING), Dept of Architecture and Planning
    SUBJECT: URBAN ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY CODE: UP 512
    FACULTY INCHARGE: Dr Alka Bharat DATE: 30/08/2023
    ASSIGNMENT 2

    UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF TOWNS


    THROUGH ANCIENT MYTHOLOGICAL TEXTS

    RIG VEDA(1500-500 BCE)


    ARTHSHASTRA(2nd cent)

    SUBMITTED BY:
    MAHIMA VISHWAKARMA
    SCHOLAR NO: 2320901106
    M.Plan(Urban Planning),1st year,
    MANIT, Bhopal
    BRIEF INTODUCTION ABOUT THE TEXTS

    RIG VEDA
    •Earliest composition of vedic era.
    •Author: Ved Vyas
    • It comprises of 1028 hymns and subdivided into 10 Mandals
    or part and further comprises of suktas and upvedas attached •Comprises of Samhitas,
    to it. Brahamanas, Aranyakas, and
    Upanishads
    •It mentions the prevailent practices,culture, belief systems,
    social stratification, unit of exchange etc

    ARTHASHASTRA
    •Most sophisticated and detailed treatise in •Author: Chanakya or Kautilya
    India. •Written around 2nd cent BCE
    •Literal meaning” science of material •To p i c s c o v e r e d : Wa r, D i p l o m a c y,
    wellbeing” and science of “Statecraft” law,taxations, prisons,agriculture and
    •comprises of 15 books in which 5 deals with irrigation, manufacturing, coinage, trade
    internal admin and remaining with interstate and spies, Fortification and
    relations administration.
    SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS ECONOMICAL ASPECTS
    RIG VEDA 1. Tribal society, semi nomadic life of people.
    •1 . Pa sto ra l s o c i et y , catt l e re a r i n g
    2. ADMIN STRATIFICATION
    dominent.
    KULA---GRAM---VIS---JANA
    •2.Cattle-chief measure of wealth and
    (family)---(village)---(cluster)---(tribal settlement)
    important unit of value.
    3. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
    •3. No concept of private property,based
    •Society as not divided into caste lines on land ownership
    •System of CLAN NETWORK was prevailent •4.Model of exchange: Barter System
    •Occupation was not based on birth,as per Rig ved verse •5.No regular revenue system
    •eg: “Iam a poet,my father is a physician, and my mother •6.Maintainence of Kingdom by voluntary
    grinds grains upon the stone.Striving for wealth with tribute and bounty won in battle.
    varied plans, we follow our desires like cattle”.
    •7.Gifts exchange---prestations and
    5. Social mobility and absence of strict social hierarchy. redistribution prevailent
    6.Good condition of women as they were allow to take •8. Advent of new technologies including
    part in assembliea and choose there life partner. iron technology, chariot making etc
    7. Varna system came later on--Purusashukta created new job opportunities.
    8. Naturalistic Polythesim prevalent
    A verse from Rig Veda
    highlighting the coexistance
    and interrelation of the
    society and world

    A verse from Rig Veda


    highlighting the origin of
    social strata of the society
    ARTHSHASTRA SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS ECONOMICAL ASPECTS

    1. People lived a more settled life. 1. Permanent settlement--creation of more


    2. Varna system prevailed and improvement jobs in same place---job diversification.
    in the social status of the trading 2. Regulation of different economic activities
    communities( Emergence of GUILDS). for generation of more resources.
    3. Existance of slavery “no Arya or freeman 3. Taxes collected in both cash and kind
    could be reduced to slavery” 4. The mainstay of economy was both inland
    4. concept of TIME CITIES emerged like and maritime trade( agri surplus,
    Taxila,Patliputra livestocks,metals,etc)
    5. p o p u lat io n i n c re as e d d u e to b ette r 5. Land revenue was the main source of
    infrastructure. income.
    6. Concentric devolopement started around 6. The notion of private property-KSHETRA
    Economic aspects the core cities to occupy the immigrants emerged.
    taken from KOSHA
    from near by areas in search of better 7. Land disputes emerged between land
    khand of the
    Arthahastra livelihood. owner( KSHETRIKA) and tenants(UPASAVA).
    7. To deal with the land disputes Judicial 8. Land tax fixed by 1/6 of the poduce(Bali).
    system of MAHADANDNAYAKA emerged.
    THANKS!

    BIBLIOGRAPHY:

    WEBSITES REFERED:
    1. https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/rig-veda
    2. https://vedicheritage.gov.in/en/samhitas/rigveda/
    3. https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/index.htm
    4. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Artha-shastra
    BOOKS REFERRED:
    1. ANCIENT HISTORY BY POONAM DALAL DAHIYA
    2. ANCIENT HISTORY BY RS SHARMA

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