QUEENS’ COLLEGE DISTANCE

EDUCATION DIVISION

Department of management
Computer application Assignment

 Name…………...Mekides Eshibelachew
 ID NO………
 Study center………
 Entry year…………

Submission date: January 15, 2024

Submitted to:
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1. Name three things which are contained on the motherboard
of a computer. (3 marks)
Three things that are typically contained on the motherboard of a
computer are:
 Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU, also known as the processor, is the primary
component responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations in a
computer. It is mounted directly onto the motherboard and acts as the "brain" of the
computer. The CPU interprets and carries out instructions from the computer's memory,
performs arithmetic and logical operations, and manages the flow of data within the
system.
 Memory Modules: The motherboard contains slots for memory modules, such as
Random Access Memory (RAM). RAM is a type of volatile memory that provides
temporary storage for data and instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly. It
allows for faster data retrieval compared to other storage devices like hard drives. The
memory modules are inserted into the motherboard and provide the CPU with fast
access to data, enabling efficient multitasking and overall system performance.
 Expansion Slots: The motherboard features expansion slots that allow for the
installation of additional components and expansion cards. These slots provide
connectivity and compatibility for various peripherals and expansion cards, such as
graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, and storage controllers. Expansion slots
enable users to enhance the capabilities of their computer by adding specialized
hardware components to meet specific needs or improve performance.
These are just a few examples of the components typically found on a motherboard. Other
components, such as the chipset, power connectors, input/output ports, and BIOS (Basic
Input/output System), are also integrated into the motherboard to facilitate communication and
coordination between different hardware components within the computer system.

2. Explain what the four main sections of a computer are, and

what they do. (8 marks)

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The four main sections of a computer are the Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory, Storage,
and Input/output (I/O). Here's a brief explanation of each section and its function:
 Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the "brain" of the computer and performs
most of the processing tasks. It executes instructions, performs calculations, and manages
the flow of data within the computer system. The CPU consists of an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU) that performs mathematical and logical operations, and a control unit that
coordinates and controls the execution of instructions. The CPU's speed and performance
significantly impact the overall computing power of a system.
 Memory: Memory refers to the temporary storage used by the computer to hold data and
instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly. There are different types of memory in
a computer system, including Random Access Memory (RAM) and cache memory. RAM
provides fast access to data and instructions, allowing the CPU to work efficiently. Cache
memory, located closer to the CPU, stores frequently accessed data to further speed up
processing. Memory is volatile, meaning it loses its contents when the computer is
powered off.

 Storage: Storage refers to the long-term storage of data and programs in a computer
system. It includes devices such as hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs),
and optical drives. Storage devices store data even when the computer is powered off,
making it non-volatile. HDDs use spinning disks and magnetic storage to store data,
while SSDs use flash memory for faster access. Storage devices provide a means to store
and retrieve large amounts of data, including the operating system, applications, files, and
documents.
 Input/output (I/O): The I/O section of a computer deals with the interaction between the
computer and the external world. It includes devices such as keyboards, mice, monitors,
printers, scanners, and network interfaces. Input devices allow users to provide data and
instructions to the computer, while output devices display or produce the results of
computer processing. I/O devices facilitate communication between the computer and the
user, as well as with other computers or devices in a network.
These four sections work together to enable the functioning of a computer system. The CPU
processes instructions and data, memory provides temporary storage for quick access, storage

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devices store data for long-term use, and I/O devices facilitate communication with the external
world. Understanding the roles and interactions of these sections is crucial for comprehending
the overall functioning of a computer.

3. Explain the following terms and provide an example of each

type:
 Batch processing: Batch processing is a technique in which tasks are collected over a
period of time and then processed all at once. This method is efficient for tasks that do
not require immediate action. For instance, in payroll processing, all the employee
details and their hours worked are collected over a month and then processed at the end
of the month to generate salaries.
 Real-time processing: Real-time processing ensures that tasks are processed as soon as
they are received. This method is crucial for tasks that require immediate action or
response. For example, air traffic control systems need to process data in real-time to
ensure the safe movement of aircraft.
 Transaction processing: Transaction processing focuses on processing each
transaction as an individual unit. The system ensures that each transaction is processed
correctly and completely. An example is an ATM withdrawal, where each transaction
(withdrawal, deposit, balance inquiry) is processed immediately.
 Interactive processing: Interactive processing involves a continuous interaction
between the user and the system. The user provides input, and the system immediately
processes it and provides feedback. Online reservation systems, where users can book
tickets and get immediate confirmation, are an example of this.

4. Describe one benefit of each the following types of software:

Hosted Software:
One benefit of hosted software is that it offers increased accessibility and flexibility. Since the
software is hosted on remote servers and accessed through the internet, users can access it from
any device with an internet connection. This eliminates the need for specific hardware or
software requirements on the user's end. Additionally, hosted software allows for easy
collaboration and sharing of data among users, as they can access and work on the same software
and data simultaneously from different locations.

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 Locally Installed Software:
One benefit of locally installed software is enhanced data security and control. When software is
installed directly on a user's device, the data and operations are stored and processed locally.
This provides a higher level of control over the data and reduces the risk of unauthorized access
or data breaches. Locally installed software also allows for offline access, as it does not rely on
an internet connection for functionality. This can be advantageous in situations where internet
connectivity is limited or unreliable.

5. Provide a definition of application software, and provide

three examples of this type of software.
Application software refers to computer programs or software applications that are designed to
perform specific tasks or functions for end-users. It is a type of software that enables users to
accomplish various activities, such as creating documents, editing images, managing finances, or
playing games. Unlike system software, which includes operating systems and utility programs,
application software is user-oriented and serves specific purposes.

Examples of application software include:

 Microsoft Word: A word processing application that allows users to create, edit, and format
documents. It provides features like spell-check, formatting options, and the ability to insert
images and tables.
 Adobe Photoshop: A graphics editing software used for manipulating and enhancing digital
images. It offers a wide range of tools and features for editing photos, creating digital
artwork, and designing graphics.
 QuickBooks: An accounting software widely used by businesses for managing financial
transactions, invoicing, payroll, and generating financial reports. It helps streamline financial
processes and provides tools for tracking expenses, managing inventory, and generating
invoices.

These examples illustrate the diverse range of application software available, catering to
different user needs and tasks. Application software plays a crucial role in enhancing
productivity, creativity, and efficiency for individuals and organizations.