2

(3.51
Problem 3.1: (a) A gas (y= 1.4, R = 287 J/kg. K) at a
mach
number of 1.8, P 80 kPa and T= 373 K passes
=

through a
ock.
normal shock. Determine its density after the shock. Compare
Com.ber
this value in an isentropic Compression through
the sar
Same
pressure ratio [Nov.95 MSU, Dec. 2005
AU]
b) A jet of air at 273 K and 69 kPa has an initial mach
number 2. If it passes through a normal shock wave
determine at downstream of the shock the
following:
Mach number, pressure, temperature, density, speed of sound
and jet velocity. [Oct. 95
Madras, Nov.'95 MKU, Apr.96
MKU, April. 2007 AU]
 with
Normal Shock
Given Data Waves
3.31
, -18, P 80 kPa, T, - 373
K, Y
=1.4, R =287 J/kgK
P 80 x 10 JkgK.
PRT, 287 x 373

= 0.7473 kg/m"

Erom Normal Shock Table

M, 1.8, Y =
=
14,
P
M =0.616, 3.613,=1.532

P yRT_3.613
Px RT 1.532 2.3583

P 1.7623 kg/m3
In an
isentropic flow

Px

Py (3.613)i/l.4 x 0.7473
Py1.87 kg/m*
(a) (i) Density normal shock
after the
Py 1.7623 kg/m*
isentropie

11) an
Density after the shock in

compression p, = 1.87 kg/m"

 TT ining upstre:am
upstrea mach

y4

number M, - 2.64
Mach
Thlglht

ronvernt e
roeryenl
l id
vveerrg
geen
nt duct
duct L8 porang
A
1.3:
il lucts air fro
conduct
o m
r o n d i l i o n s
Us
a
denyn
and To=27o0
nhodr f kPa A nor
tanh
where l'o = 210
r v e t u t e

in the
divergent
section.
Find the
preaent increase
honh i

stugnatio
pressure
and in entr
loar in
prvRRue,
cm", Aexit =
26 em2
areus A1 = 13 Aren
gnen
the following
19.5 cmf.
shock appears Ax =Ay=
which
IOct. 96, Madras, Dec.2011 AIT
X
Given Data:
P'-210 kPa

To-374273
- 310 K

ISaKRumed that the given area 13 em

AR thoat area.

-13 m, A 26
em
AA-19A em?.
A

A 13
 Flow with Normal
Shock
Waves 3.35
From 1sentropic table
esponding to Ay
m a c h n u m b e r

A
1.5, the

M, = 1.855

From Noo
. a Shock Table M,
1855, y =14.
=

M 0.605 =3.84775 Poy=0.7882.

T-=1.574
1.574 Por
Pox
-Tox=2oy =To2
Pa Pox and Poy =Po2 but Pox * Poy, Ay #A
P0.7882 x 210 = 165.522 kPa

From Isentropic Table M, =0.605, y = 14

=1.1825, A =16.4904 cm IA, =A2l

A
A
26
16.4904.
1.5766

From isentropic table A

corresponding to=1.5766
A
Pa
D0.893:.
Po2
P 165.522 x0.893
.Poy=Po2
= 147.811 kPa

hange in entropy AS =RIn

[ Po
Poy
287 ln 10.7882 = 68.3069 JkgK
 PropuS

147.811 kPa
Gas
3.36 Pa AAT
Poy 41474
DAtIon
R e u l t

x i t prnes
G8.3069 J/kyK
117
ntropy

w i t h M a r h
nunber
n u n b b r r
2.5 enters
(m) Trasr

A2 0.5.
3.4: Air

r e a
rutio

Ai Unider tortun
Problem an

w i t h

A
d u c t

al polnt where
ronergent
conditions, normal 8hoch
urs A 9
preRsure number
number
and
exit
exit
mach
mach

find
find
Dec. 2011, A
[Apr.97, Madras,
c o n d i t i o n ,

this
For
across t h educt.

Given D a t a

0.5;0.6 A 0.6
M 2.5 A.
1.4
M1 2.5, y
=
=
Table
From Isentropic

0.0585;
Pos

2.637
A

A
A = 0.6

A
A (A,A,)

0.6 x 2.637 1.5822

A
 Flowwith Normal Shock Waves 3.37

isentropic table Corresponding to

From
0.4

A -
1.5822, the mach number M, But the
A
1.92
mach number must be greater than one.
upstream
Therefore,

M, =1.92; 0.145
Pox
0.145

From Normal Shock Table M =1.92, y= 1.4

M, =0.592;=4.134; - 0.758.
Pos
From isentropic table M, =
0.592, y= 14

= 1.2 A Ay
1.2
A
A2

A Ay0.5
Ay
=0.5 x- 12-0.6 [::44]
y Ay Ay
A 0.6 1
0.6
A 0.6

corresponding
From isentropic table 1 , the
A throat
section is
There the exit
number M =1.

section M=1 and4=0.528 F20.528

 Propulsion

Dynamics
and Jot
Gas
3.38

P
Poy 0.528 9.0256411
Poy 0.0585
P

Pox
P 6.84143
Po 9.025641X Pox
P
Result
i ) Exit mach
number M2 =l
P2
(ii) Pressure ratio
across the ductduct p
=6.84143

cit cura
 downstream of shock
SUPERSCRIPT
Moving shock

OLVED EXAMPLES

Fxample6.1. The state gas (y=1.3, K=0.469 RJ/

kg-K) upstream of a normal shoch
folloUing i7
auw s glen b1 the
M =2 bar, T, 275 K =

the Mach num ber, pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas
downstream of
atc

theck the calculated values with those given in the gas tables.
Solution. Substituting the values of M, and y

2
+2.52
1.3-1 12.92
M .

2x 1.3 0.243
53.19
2
1.3-1 * 2 5 - 1

M= 0.4928 Ans.
Py 2x1.3 x 2.521.3-1

P 1.3+1 1.3+1
 FUNDAMENTALS oF COMPRES
162 0.130=6.935
P 7.0G5
bar Ans.
x 2= 13.870
6.935
P=
0 625x5 19
1.937 x 53.19
14
2
T 1 2.3 x
55.104

T
2 0.3

y1.869
T Ans.
275
T= 1.869 x
3 69
.

1.3+1 6.25
Cx

c 0.269c, =0.269A#, 3,

e, 0.269 M, VyR7
275
0.269 x 2.5 1.3x 469 x
c=
c,275.375 m/s Ans.

Alternatively, c,=M, yRT,

513.975
c=0.4928 1.4x 469 x
c, 275.16 m/s.
relation foranormal shock
wave

Example 6.2. (a) Derive the Rankine-Hugoniot

Y+1 Py-1
p
P
11,P
T-1 P
(o) A gas (y= 1.4, R = 0.287 kJ/kg-K) a t a Mach n u m b e r of 1.8, p =0.3 i and
sol
value
npare t
passes through a normalshock. Determine its density after the shoCR.
isentropic compression through the same pressure ratio.

Solution. (b)
P RT
08x
105 = 0.747 kg/m3
RT 287 x 373
From normal shock tables
for y= 1.4 at M, =
1.8

P=3.613, T, =1.532
P
T,
PyPyT
P P. T,