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Lab Report in Wireless Communication

This document summarizes several projects involving digital communication system design and simulation. Project 1 involves implementing and comparing BPSK, 4-ASK, and 4-QAM modulation schemes in Simulink. Project 2 extends this to OFDM simulation with BPSK and 4-QAM, adding pilots and cyclic prefixes. Project 3 evaluates throughput vs. distance for OFDM with convolutional encoding. Project 4 covers multirate filter design and RF simulation of OFDM. Project 5 involves simulating 2-PAM and BPSK transmitters for software-defined radio on a Raspberry Pi.

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99 views16 pages

Lab Report in Wireless Communication

This document summarizes several projects involving digital communication system design and simulation. Project 1 involves implementing and comparing BPSK, 4-ASK, and 4-QAM modulation schemes in Simulink. Project 2 extends this to OFDM simulation with BPSK and 4-QAM, adding pilots and cyclic prefixes. Project 3 evaluates throughput vs. distance for OFDM with convolutional encoding. Project 4 covers multirate filter design and RF simulation of OFDM. Project 5 involves simulating 2-PAM and BPSK transmitters for software-defined radio on a Raspberry Pi.

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Project 1: L-ASK and M-QAM in Simulink

Project 1a:
➔In this activity we are asked to implement BPSK, 4-ASK, and 4-QAM simulators without noise. The
Simulink schemes along with the result for each scheme are shown below:
1. BPSK:

Figure 1.1: BPSK scheme without noise.

Figure 1.2: Eye diagram for BPSK scheme Figure 1.3: Constellation of BPSK
2. 4-ASK:

Figure 1.4: 4-ASK scheme without noise.


Figure 1.5: Eye diagram for4-ASK scheme Figure 1.6: Constellation of 4-ASK
3. 4-QAM:

Figure 1.7: 4-QAM scheme without noise.

Figure 1.8: Eye diagram for4-QAM scheme Figure 1.9: Constellation of 4-QAM

➔Now we uncomment AWGN block, and we evaluate BER vs Es/No for each scheme. The results are shown
below:
Figure 1.10: BER vs Es/No

Project 1b:
➔In this activity we are asked to implement simplified BPSK, 4-ASK, and 4-QAM simulators without noise
(comment through AWGN block). Then we add noise (uncomment AWGN block) and compare BER vs Es/No.
The Simulink schemes along with the result are shown below:

Figure 1.11: Simplified BPSK Simulator scheme


Figure 1.12: Simplified 4-ASK Simulator scheme

Figure 1.13: Simplified 4-QAM Simulator scheme

Figure 1.14: BER vs Es/No


Project 1c:
➔In this activity we are asked to add confidence interval for one of the schemes (I am using BPSK) at least
with 3 values of CI. The BER vs Pb curves are shown below:

Figure 1.15: BER vs Es/No with different confidence levels


Project 2: Simulation of OFDM
Project 2a: Without noise:
In this part, we are asked to:
1. Implement a BPSK based OFDM simulator, without noise, using 64 subcarriers, 48 of which are data
subcarriers, 15 are virtual subcarriers, and 1 is the DC. The Simulink scheme is shown below:

Figure 2.1: BPSK based OFDM Simulator without noise

The results, Power Spectrum and constellation diagram, we get after running these blocks are shown
below:

Figure 2.2: Power Spectrum. Figure 2.3: Constellation diagram.


2. Implement a 4-QAM based OFDM simulator, without noise. The Simulink scheme is shown below:

Figure 2.4: 4-QAM based OFDM simulator scheme


The results, Power Spectrum and constellation diagram, we get after running these blocks are shown below:

Figure 2.5: Power Spectrum. Figure 2.6: Constellation diagram.


3. Add 4 pilot subcarriers (reducing virtual subcarriers to 11), the Simulink scheme is shown below:

Figure 2.7: BPSK based OFDM Simulator without noise adding 4 pilot subcarriers
The results we get after running these blocks are shown below (constellation diagram doesn’t change):

Figure 2.8: Power Spectrum for BPSK with 4 pilots.

Note that for 4-QAM scheme it is the same as the above scheme, changing BPSK block with 4-QAM block. The
result is shown below (the constellation diagram as figure 2.6):

Figure 2.9: Power Spectrum for 4-QAM with 4 pilots.

Project 2b: With noise:


In this part, we are asked to:
1. Add noise and compare BER vs Pb. the Simulink scheme as well as the results are shown below:
Figure 2.10: 4-QAM based OFDM Simulator with noise.

Figure 2.11: BER vs Es/N0 graph.


2. Add cyclic prefix:

Figure 2.12: 4-QAM based OFDM Simulator with noise and cyclic prefix.
Figure 2.11: BER vs Es/N0 graph (cyclic prefix).

Note that adding a cyclic prefix before the fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing increases the signal length,
causing an increase in channel’s effective duration, which leads to increased inter-symbol interference. The
increased ISI results in a higher bit error rate (BER) for the same signal to noise ratio (SNR), causing the BER vs
SNR performance to deteriorate.
Project 3: Throughput vs Distance
In this activity we are asked to implement convolutional encoding to the OFDM scheme, and evaluate
throughput vs distance. The Simulink scheme and the results are shown below:

Figure 3.1: Convolutional encoding to OFDM scheme

Figure 3.2: Throughput vs Distance


Project 4:
Project 4a: Upsample, Downsample and Multistage Filters:
In this activity we are asked to implement in Simulink a pass band FIR filter with sampling frequency 96
ksamples/s and the following specifications:
20 kHz central frequency;
- pass band of 2 kHz;
- transition bands of 200 Hz;
- ripple in pass band of 0.1 dB;
- attenuation in stop bands of 60 dB.
And to implement in Simulink the same filter through multi-rate filtering with downsample and upsample in
two stages (96->32 ksamples/s + 32->16 ksamples/s and vice versa). The Simulink scheme and spectrum
analyzer figures are shown below:

Figure 4.1: Single stage and multistage filters.

Figure 4.2: Single stage Figure 4.3: Multistage

 The order of single stage filter is 1304, whereas for multistage is about 330. So it is less complex then
single stage.
Project 4b: OFDM at RF in Simulink:
In this activity, we are asked to implement a simulator with a carrier frequency of 20 MHz, and to evaluate
BER vs Es/No. The Simulink scheme and the results are shown below:

Figure 4.4: OFDM at RF

Figure 4.5: PSD before BB to IF block Figure 4.6: PSD after BB to IF block
Figure 4.7: PSD after IF to BB block

Figure 4.8: BER vs Es/No


Project 5b: Raspberry Pi used as SDR
Note: This activity was performed with my colleague: Navid Hossein Zadeh Dehlan, and we didn’t obtain
results on the oscilloscope because of the hardware. Therefore, I am providing the simulation results only.
1. First of all, we are asked to design, implement, deploy and perform measurement of 2-PAM
Transmitter. The Simulink scheme and simulation result are shown below:

Figure 5.1: 2-PAM TX

Figure 5.2: 2-PAM TX PSD


2. In this part, we are asked to design, implement, deploy and perform measurement of BPSK
Transmitter. The Simulink scheme and simulation result are shown below:

Figure 5.3: BPSK TX

Figure 5.4: BPSK TX PSD

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