130 S Yarrow Street, Lakewood CO

80226
732.406.9710
[email protected]
 The Bighorn Company
7830 West Alameda Avenue 103-218
Lakewood, Colorado 80226
(732) 406-9710
thebighorncompany.com

Statement of Work
Jefferson County Proposal # 23-9804V-CM – Consultation regarding potential
Ballot Solutions to Funding Challenges | September 25, 2023

E - Statement of Work (SOW)

Consultant Duties, Milestones, & Deliverables

1. Recommend Strategy to Inform Decision Makers

a. Make strategic recommendations regarding overall project planning, schedule,

strategies, tactics, key performance indicators and objectives
b. Refine project plan and scope of work as needed
c. Make strategic recommendations regarding methods and timelines for gathering
information from the public to inform potential ballot solutions including polling
and public opinion research, community input, County stakeholder input, policy
expert input, and legal expert input
d. Research, recommend, and manage highly qualified subcontractors as needed,
including:
i. Public opinion research subcontractor – to assist with SOW items 3(c) and
4(a)
ii. Fiscal policy expert subcontractor (if needed) – to assist with SOW items
2(b) and 2(c) if County does not have in-house fiscal policy expert capacity
to assist with these SOW items
iii. Legal policy counsel subcontractor (if needed) – to assist with SOW items
2(b) and 2(c) if County does not have in-house legal policy counsel
capacity to assist with these SOW items
iv. Translation and interpretation subcontractors (as needed) – please refer to
SOW item 7(a) for additional details

2. Policy Research & Development

a. Comparable ballot policy review and analysis – work with County staff to review:
i. Jefferson County’s recent past ballot efforts to address funding challenges
 ii. Recent past ballot efforts to address funding challenges in other CO
counties with comparable populations and demographics
iii. Jefferson County-level election results for recent statewide
revenue-raising ballot measures

b. County financial outlook review and ballot policy options analysis

i. Work with County leadership and staff to review the County’s current
financial outlook and funding challenges to establish a minimum revenue
target a potential ballot solution would aim to generate
ii. Work with County staff (and/or fiscal and legal policy expert subcontractors
if County does not have the requisite in-house staff capacity to support this
component of the project) to develop a complete list of all legally
permissible policy options that a potential ballot solution could entail in
order to achieve our established minimum revenue target

c. Develop final shortlist of potential ballot solutions

i. Work with County leadership and staff (and/or fiscal and legal policy expert
subcontractors if County does not have the requisite in-house staff
capacity to support this component of the project) to develop a final
shortlist of three (3) potential ballot solutions that:
1. Would both achieve the County’s minimum revenue target and fall
within the range of legally permissible policy options established
by SOW item 2(b)
2. Have the strongest levels of initial community support based on the
work completed in SOW items 3(b) and 3(c)
3. Would be the most likely to be approved by Jefferson County
voters based on the evidence gathered through work completed in
SOW items 2(a), 3(b), and 3(c)

3. Community Outreach

a. Community outreach plan development

i. Work with County leadership & staff to discuss and identify issues to be
addressed prior to commencing development of a community outreach
plan
ii. Design draft community outreach plan that (1) determines roles and
responsibilities and (2) identifies timelines regarding how the plan will work
in conjunction with polling and strategic communications efforts and
present to County leadership
iii. Refine draft based on County leadership’s input
 iv. Obtain approval from County leadership before proceeding with execution
of community outreach plan

b. Coalition building & stakeholder input on potential ballot solutions

i. Conduct outreach to County leaders, prominent organizations, traditionally
underrepresented groups, and other community stakeholders to gauge
interest in and enthusiasm for supporting potential ballot solutions to
funding challenges
1. Identify outreach tools, methods, and tactics (e.g. advertising,
SMS-based recruitment software, registered community
organization outreach)
2. Set goals for participation to ensure County community outreach
efforts are reflective of the demographics of the county while
ensuring the inclusion of traditionally underrepresented
communities
ii. Solicit stakeholder input on policy options that would both achieve the
County’s minimum revenue target and fall within the range of legally
permissible policy options established by SOW item 2(b)
iii. Enlist enthusiastic and supportive stakeholders to participate in a
community partner steering committee to help guide overall efforts
regarding potential ballot solutions
iv. Provide community partner steering committee with guidance and support
as needed

c. Qualitative public opinion research instrument development and results report

i. Work with County leadership and our designated public opinion research
subcontractor (pollster) to:
1. Develop a qualitative public opinion research instrument (e.g.
online panel, focus group, and/or ethnographic journals) to help the
County:
a. Evaluate community awareness of County services and
current conditions of County operations and funding
challenges
b. Determine community priorities and preferences regarding
the quality and means by which County services are
delivered
c. Identify any demographic inequities or perceptions thereof
in current County resource allocation or revenue generation
policies
d. Identify how the community prefers the County address its
financial challenges
 e. Obtain community feedback on a shortlist of potential ballot
solutions based on the work completed in SOW items 2(a),
2(b), and 3(b)
ii. Field final qualitative public opinion research instrument to a
representative sample of County residents
iii. Compile results and present findings to County leadership
iv. Provide any follow-up materials and conduct presentations for any other
County departments or staff as requested

d. Gauge potential coalition support and enthusiasm for top-polling potential ballot
solutions
i. Conduct outreach to County leaders, prominent organizations, traditionally
underrepresented groups, and other community stakeholders to gauge
interest in and enthusiasm for supporting top-polling potential ballot
solutions identified by public opinion research completed in SOW items
3(c) and 4(a)
ii. Determine the extent to which these stakeholders would organize and
expend resources in support of top-polling potential ballot solutions if they
were ultimately referred to Jefferson County voters at the November 2024
ballot
iii. Work with interested community partner steering committee members to
ensure they are fully prepared to support a top-polling potential ballot
solution if one is ultimately referred to Jefferson County voters at the
November 2024 ballot

4. Polling
a. Quantitative public opinion research instrument development and results report
i. Gauge community opinion on final shortlist of potential ballot solutions –
Work with County leadership and our designated public opinion research
subcontractor to:
1. Develop a quantitative (i.e. poll or statistically representative and
valid survey) public opinion research instrument to gauge public
support for the final shortlist of potential ballot solutions
established by SOW item 2(c), including simulated ballot language
for all potential ballot solutions
2. Ensure quantitative public opinion research instrument is informed
by findings of SOW items 3(b) and 3(c)
3. Present draft poll language and methodology to County leadership
and staff for feedback and revision
4. Obtain approval of final poll language and methodology from
County leadership and staff prior to fielding
 5. Field final quantitative public opinion research instrument to a
representative sample of County residents
6. Compile results and present findings to County leadership and staff
in a report and presentation that includes:
a. The framework and methodology used, the tabulations of
all contacts made as part of the survey, including refusals,
disconnected numbers, busy lines, unanswered calls,
number of attempts, communication barriers and age issues
b. Tabulation of survey results, key findings, detailed findings,
conclusions, and recommendations to support informed
decision-making and strategic communications planning
7. Reconvene stakeholder group and community steering committee,
present report and presentation, and solicit feedback for next steps

5. Strategic Communications

a. Direct all strategic communications planning for this project in collaboration with
County leadership and staff (including County Public Affairs team and County
Legal Advisory team)

b. Strategic communications plan development

i. Work with County leadership and staff to develop a strategic
communications plan informed by the findings of community outreach and
public opinion research completed in SOW items 3(b), 3(c), and 4(a) that
includes:
1. Messaging
2. Target audiences
3. Messengers
4. Key strategies and tactics
5. Educational outreach plan including a specific strategy for neutral
information communications tools (social media, collateral, etc.)
regarding County fiscal challenges and potential solutions
designed for community members that can be shared after a
decision on a ballot question has been made
6. Other communications tools as dictated by community outreach
and public opinion research findings
7. Timelines
ii. Present draft plan to County leaders for review and approval, refine plan
based on input, and update throughout project as needed
iii. Assist County leaders and staff in implementation of strategic
communications plan as needed
 c. Work with county leadership and staff to provide ongoing messaging guidance
and recommendations based on research findings, community outreach findings,
and any additional developments that may arise throughout the duration of this
project

d. Provide rapid-response communications support as needed throughout the

duration of this project

6. Final recommendations report & presentation

a. Develop and present final recommendations report – By no later than July 1, 2024,
provide County leadership and staff with a comprehensive final recommendations
report and presentation that:
i. Provides a concrete recommendation on whether or not to refer a
potential ballot solution to Jefferson County voters at the November 2024
ballot
ii. Summarizes all work completed to date and clearly explains how this work
informed our final recommendation

b. County decision-maker support through final decision

i. Answer any additional questions County leadership may have regarding
our final recommendations report as needed
ii. Provide County leaders with additional guidance and recommendations to
help facilitate their final decision as needed
iii. Provide County leaders with strategic communications guidance for both
potential options (refer a potential ballot solution to the November 2024
ballot or decline to refer a potential ballot solution to the November 2024
ballot)
iv. If County leaders ultimately decide to refer a potential ballot solution to the
November 2024 ballot, we will immediately cease all work under this
contract as of the moment the decision is made official (no later than July
23, 2024)
v. If County leaders ultimately decide not to refer a potential ballot solution to
the November 2024 ballot, we will advise County leaders on strategic
communications regarding this decision through the end of the month (July
31, 2024)

7. Translation

a. Ensure all plans for public opinion research (SOW items 3(c) and 4(a)), strategic
communications (SOW item 5(b)), and any other public information gathering and
strategic communications work that may arise throughout the duration of this
 project include a plan and cost for translation and interpretation services to reach
Spanish speaking community members
i. Final translation and interpretation costs will be determined by the ultimate
methodology and contents of public opinion research instruments and
communications materials developed in collaboration with our designated
public opinion research subcontractor and County leadership and staff

Schedule of Milestones & Deliverables

Please note: This is a draft schedule for project planning purposes. Final deadlines may be
adjusted as necessitated by changes in process and/or real world events. Substantive deadline
changes and other significant alterations to this schedule will be cleared with County leadership
beforehand if needed.

SOW Item # Milestone / Deliverable Deadline

- Contract start date November 1, 2023

2(a) Comparable ballot policy review and analysis complete December 1, 2023

1(d) Select fiscal policy expert and/or legal policy counsel December 1, 2023
subcontractors with approval from County leadership (if
needed)

2(b) County financial outlook review and ballot policy options December 29, 2023
analysis complete

3(a) Present draft community outreach plan to County January 5, 2024

leadership for review and feedback

3(a) Incorporate County leadership feedback to finalize January 12, 2024

community outreach plan and obtain approval from
County leadership before proceeding with execution of
community outreach plan

3(b) Begin execution of community outreach plan January 15, 2024

1(d) Select public opinion research subcontractor with February 1, 2024

approval from County leadership

3(b) Coalition building & stakeholder input on potential ballot March 1, 2024
solutions community outreach tasks complete

3(c) Present draft qualitative public opinion research March 8, 2024

instrument to County leadership for review and feedback

3(c) Incorporate County leadership feedback to finalize March 15, 2024

qualitative public opinion research instrument and obtain
approval from County leadership before fielding
3(c) Field qualitative public opinion research instrument to a March 22, 2024
representative sample of County residents

3(c) Compile qualitative public opinion research instrument March 29, 2024
results and present findings to County leadership

3(c) Present qualitative public opinion research instrument April 5, 2024

results to community partner steering committee

2(c) Final shortlist of three (3) potential ballot solutions April 12, 2024
complete

4(a) Present draft quantitative public opinion research April 19, 2024
instrument to County leadership for review and feedback

4(a) Incorporate County leadership feedback to finalize April 26, 2024

quantitative public opinion research instrument and obtain
approval from County leadership before fielding

4(a) Field quantitative public opinion research instrument to a May 3, 2024

representative sample of County residents

4(a) Compile quantitative public opinion research instrument May 10, 2024
results and present findings to County leadership

5(b) Present draft strategic communications plan to County May 22, 2024
leadership for review and feedback

5(b) Incorporate County leadership feedback to finalize May 31, 2024

strategic communications plan and obtain approval from
County leadership before proceeding with execution of
strategic communications plan

3(d) Present quantitative public opinion research instrument May 31, 2024
results to community partner steering committee to gauge
potential coalition support and enthusiasm for top-polling
potential ballot solutions

6(a) Present final recommendations report and presentation to July 1, 2024

County leadership

6(b) Support County decision-makers through final decision July 23, 2024 OR July 31,
2024, depending on
decision
 The Bighorn Company
7830 West Alameda Avenue 103-218
Lakewood, Colorado 80226
(732) 406-9710
thebighorncompany.com

Cost Proposal
Jefferson County Proposal # 23-9804V-CM – Consultation regarding potential
Ballot Solutions to Funding Challenges | September 25, 2023

Total Costs

Service Contractor or Potential Total Cost

Subcontractor

General Consultants The Bighorn Company $180,000

Public Opinion Research Global Strategies Group, FM3, or $110,000 (estimate)

(Qualitative and Quantitative) similarly qualified firm

Fiscal Policy Expert (if Jenise May (former budget analyst $20,000 (estimate)
needed) for Colorado House Democratic
Caucus), Colorado Fiscal Institute,
Bell Policy Center, Camille Driver
(Independent lobbyist), University of
Denver Scrivner Institute, or
similarly qualified subject matter
expert

Legal Policy Counsel (if Tierney Lawrence Stiles, Recht $30,000 (estimate)
needed) Kornfeld PC, or similarly qualified
firm

Cost Proposal Scenarios

Scenario # Description Total Cost Proposal

County provides both in-house fiscal policy expert and legal policy
1 $290,000
counsel

County provides in-house legal policy counsel and retains fiscal

2 $310,000
policy expert subcontractor

County provides in-house fiscal policy expert and retains legal

3 $320,000
policy counsel subcontractor

County retains both fiscal policy expert and legal policy counsel
4 $340,000
subcontractors
Bighorn Company Milestone Payment Schedule

SOW Item Milestones / Deliverables Invoice Date Consulting Retainer

#s

1(d), 2(a) (1) Comparable ballot policy review and December 1, 2023 $20,000
analysis complete

(2) Select fiscal policy expert and/or legal

policy counsel subcontractors with approval
from County leadership (if needed)

2(b) County financial outlook review and ballot January 1, 2024 $20,000
policy options analysis complete

1(d), 3(a), (1) Present draft community outreach plan to February 1, 2024 $20,000
3(b) County leadership for review and feedback

(2) Incorporate County leadership feedback

to finalize community outreach plan and
obtain approval from County leadership
before proceeding with execution of
community outreach plan

(3) Begin execution of community outreach

plan

(4) Select public opinion research

subcontractor with approval from County
leadership

3(b) Coalition building & stakeholder input on March 1, 2024 $20,000

potential ballot solutions community
outreach tasks complete

3(c) (1) Present draft qualitative public opinion April 1, 2024 $20,000
research instrument to County leadership for
review and feedback

(2) Incorporate County leadership feedback

to finalize qualitative public opinion research
instrument and obtain approval from County
leadership before fielding

(3) Field qualitative public opinion research

instrument to a representative sample of
County residents

(4) Compile qualitative public opinion

research instrument results and present
findings to County leadership
2(c), 3(c), (1) Present qualitative public opinion May 1, 2024 $20,000
4(a) research instrument results to community
partner steering committee

(2) Final shortlist of three (3) potential ballot

solutions complete

(3) Present draft quantitative public opinion

research instrument to County leadership for
review and feedback

(4) Incorporate County leadership feedback

to finalize quantitative public opinion
research instrument and obtain approval
from County leadership before fielding

3(d), 4(a), (1) Field quantitative public opinion research June 1, 2024 $20,000
5(b) instrument to a representative sample of
County residents

(2) Compile quantitative public opinion

research instrument results and present
findings to County leadership

(3) Present draft strategic communications

plan to County leadership for review and
feedback

(4) Incorporate County leadership feedback

to finalize strategic communications plan
and obtain approval from County leadership
before proceeding with execution of
strategic communications plan

(5) Present quantitative public opinion

research instrument results to community
partner steering committee to gauge
potential coalition support and enthusiasm
for top-polling potential ballot solutions

6(a) Present final recommendations report and July 1, 2024 $20,000

presentation to County leadership

6(b) Support County decision-makers through July 23, 2024 OR $20,000

final decision August 1, 2024,
depending on
decision

Total consultant fees under this cost

proposal shall not exceed $180,000
Subcontractor Cost Estimates

Public Opinion Research Subcontractor Cost Estimate

SOW Item # Milestone / Deliverable Invoice Date Estimated Cost

3(c) Qualitative public opinion research to March 1, 2024 $45,000

Gauge community awareness of county
funding situation and potential ballot
solutions

4(a) Quantitative public opinion research to April 1, 2024 $65,000

gauge community opinion on final shortlist
of potential ballot solutions

Total estimated public opinion research

subcontractor costs: $110,000

Fiscal Policy Expert Subcontractor Cost Estimate (If Needed)

SOW Item # Milestone / Deliverable Invoice Date Estimated Cost

2(b) County financial outlook review and ballot January 1, 2024 $10,000
policy options analysis

2(c) Develop final shortlist of potential ballot May 1, 2024 $10,000

solutions

Total estimated fiscal policy expert

subcontractor costs: $20,000

Legal Policy Counsel Subcontractor Cost Estimate (If Needed)

SOW Item # Milestone / Deliverable Invoice Date Estimated Cost

2(b) County financial outlook review and ballot January 1, 2024 $15,000
policy options analysis

2(c) Develop final shortlist of potential ballot May 1, 2024 $15,000

solutions

Total estimated legal policy counsel

subcontractor costs: $30,000
IAN SILVERII 732.406.9710
[email protected]
om
130 S Yarrow St.

EDUCATION Profile
B.A. Philosophy Experienced nonprofit executive and political communications and strategy
specialist. Adjunct professor specializing in practical politics and policy. Expert
Rutgers University in messaging and communications as well as policy and project crafting,
2007 analysis, planning and execution. Creative leader, problem solver, writer and
director.

Experience
Adjunct Professor, Scrivner Institute for Public Policy at the University of
Denver; Denver, CO - 2021-Present
• Co-instructor for innovative Policy Lab core curriculum course in Masters of
Public Policy program.

• Designed syllabus and taught a course on real -world policymaking through

the lens of fiscal issues in Colorado once a week for 10 weeks.

• Stellar course evaluations from students.

Founding Partner, The Bighorn Company; Lakewood, CO - 2021-Present

• Co-owner and operator of independe nt public relations and political
consulting firm.

• Clients from coast -to-coast and in politically competitive states.

• Services offered include landscape analysis, organizational leadership,

coaching, messaging and communications, public relations and crisis
communications, donor advisement, infrastructure creation, political
accountability, nonprofit management.

Executive Director, ProgressNow Colorado; Denver, CO — 2016-2021

• Directed operations, strategy, budget and program for Colorado’s largest and
most effective progressive organization.

• Grew organization from 3 to 14 staff, creating digital and content production

departments from nothing. Grew budget from $460,000 to over $3m per year
from 2016-2020.

• Led Colorado’s go -to media, press, and action organization for progressive
organizations, activists & candidates.
• Succes s fully worked on dozens of campaigns and ballot initiatives includ ing
increas ing the minimum wa ge, banning predatory payday loans , abolis hing
s lavery in the Colorado Cons titution, fighting abortion bans , pas s ing pa id
family and med ical leave for all Colorado workers , pre venting a s tatewide
fis cal dis as ter in 2018’s Amendment 74, pres erving and growing majorities in
the Colorado Legis lature, and many more.

Columnist, The Denver Post; Denver, CO — 2019-Present

• Wrote original column for the Denver Post opinion page every other week
since January 2019

• Provided resident progressive voice covering state and local politics and
policy

• Covered issues ranging from fiscal policy, elections, healthcare, conspiracy

theories, information and political communication, party platforms, law and
order, civil disobedience and protest, police accountability and reform, fiscal
and tax policy, preside ntial politics, public health and pandemic response,
caucus and primary systems, recall elections, primary elections and much
more. Most pieces can be found at: https://www.denverpost.com/author/ian -
silverii-dp-columnist/

Chief of Staff, Speaker of the Colorado House; Denver, CO — 2014-2016

• Led staff of 10 for Colorado’s First Democratic Woman Speaker of the House
and Caucus Leadership on policy, politics, and communications.

• Directed all caucus staff programs including policy office, communication

shop, and outreach efforts.

• Led House negotiations on $26.4bn state budget winning concessions for

substance use disorder treatment, public education investments, and
increasing Medicaid spending.

• Achieved bipartisan legislative accomplishments on issues like Tax Increment

Financing reform, improving Colorado’s elections system, setting the table for
a and Hospital Provider Fee reform policy.

Executive Director, Colorado House Majority Project — 2010-2014

• Ran Colorado Democratic Party’s legis lative electoral efforts in the Colorado
Hous e of Repres entatives from 2010-2014.

• Rais ed over $500,000 for 12 targeted races each cycle leading to narrow
victories in tough d is tricts in tough years for Democrats .

• Directly managed 3 party s taff and 12 campaign mana gers .

• Succes s fully recaptured and held majority in 2012 and 2014 election cycles .
Katie Farnan
Marketing and communications creative, versatile writer/editor, trained researcher, &
grassroots organizer. Experienced project and people manager.

email: [email protected] Professional work

social: linkedin.com/in/katiefarnan
phone: 720-404-2502 June 2023 present
mail: 4728 Berkshire Ct
Boulder, CO 80301
Senior Strategist
The Bighorn Company
— Managing social media (Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook) for
nonprofit clients like Conservation Colorado
Advocacy work — Leading digital and in-person influence campaigns to encourage
policy commitments to climate action at the state level
— Performing full-service recruitment for nonprofit and advocacy
Cardboard Cory orgs, including candidate vetting, ad placements, and initial
screening interviews
Lead “handler” for Cardboard Cory from
— Providing strategic support for development and implementation
2017-2020, organizing live events, town
of progressive communications hubs in Indiana and Wyoming
halls, civic actions, and protests, and
— Supporting message development, curriculum design, and
managing a Twitter account at training delivery for helping progressive coalitions adopt
@CardboardcoryCO. Worked closely common messaging to help drive their advocacy efforts
with ProgressNow Colorado. Featured in
state & national news media and in a
documentary: youtu.be/9hfDc0Vp87E 2022 June 2023

Freelance consultant
Indivisible Coal Creek Meals on Wheels

4 years (2017-2021) as steering Contract grantwriter: Tracked grant deadlines for a local Meals on
committee chair for Indivisible Front Wheels affiliate, managing reporting requirements, refreshing
Range Resistance, Colorado’s largest applications, researching new prospects, bringing in $72,600.
grassroots, all-volunteer Indivisible
group. Managed the group’s Twitter and Candi CdeBaca 2023 re-election campaign, Denver City Council
Facebook accounts. Featured in We Are Digitial Communications Lead: Managed communications via social
Indivisible book media and digital display ads for Councilwoman CdeBaca’s
municipalre-election campaign, including video creation, YouTube,
Boulder Progressives Google, and social media paid ads, full organic social media
schedule on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, and a weekly
Steering committee member from 2021- newsletter. Responsible for all graphic design elements, both print
2022, helping to successfully elect/re- and digital, through Canva and Adobe Illustrator.
elect four progressives to city council.
Managed the @boulderprogress Twitter
2020 2022
account
Senior Director, Marketing & Operations
Yes on 6C Candid
Directed marketing strategy for a division with $3M in annual
Content, copy, canvassing, and social revenue, managing four employees; was lead project manager for
media for the 2022 ballot measure in the relocations of Candid’s four physical office locations and
partnership with OnSight Public Affairs. rebranding; was core advisory member on the brand redesign
Managed all organic social Twitter & committee during the Foundation Center and GuideStar transition
Facebook accounts to becoming Candid.
Katie Farnan
Marketing and communications creative, versatile writer/editor, trained researcher, &
grassroots organizer. Experienced project and people manager.

Skills Professional work, continued

Strategy
Hiring / recruitment 2008 2020
Project management Coordinator, Manager, and Director roles
People management Foundation Center (became Candid in 2019)
Process design / templating
Research Began as Online Librarian coordinator, working my way up to
Copywriting / copyediting manager and then director for the Funding Information Network
Political campaigns / organizing and the GrantSpace website (now Candid Learning); managed the
Graphic design / video creation virtual librarian chat program across five offices; taught classes on
Social media content management grantseeking and nonprofit management; developed skills in
Social and digital ads content marketing and graphic design, producing infographics for
Grantwriting and prospect research various data projects and social media.

2007 2008

Research Librarian
Ernst & Young, Center for Business Knowledge
Answered internal queries with research on strict deadline;
assigned information requests to project groups and tracked
progress; specialized in research within the nonprofit industry.
Amir Mansur Gidfar
(720) 648.2360 | [email protected]

Overview
● 11 years experience in political campaigns, advocacy organizations, and communications
● Strong record of growing large digital followings in fast-paced environments for organizations
with a wide range of budgets and resources
● Extensive Experience managing and training staff to build and lead capable internal teams
● Extensive Experience securing both national and local press coverage
● Strong campaign experience with an emphasis on state level politics and ballot initiative
campaigns

Select Recent Experience

The Bighorn Company

Partner, 2021 - Present

I joined the Bighorn Company as a Partner in 2021 alongside Founding Partner Ian Silverii. The Bighorn
Company is a new political, communications, and executive search consulting shop based in Colorado.
We have served nonprofit, political, government, think tank, and higher education clients at the local, state
and national level including the Yes on Proposition FF campaign, the Drug Policy Alliance, Progress
Alaska, Amplify New Hampshire, Stand Up for Workers PAC, The Bell Policy Center, Colorado Fiscal
Institute, Conservation Colorado, the Western Conservation Foundation, ProgressNow Colorado, the
Colorado AFL-CIO, AFSCME, Colorado Mesa University, Hilltop Public Solutions, Inseparable, and many
more.

Represent Us
Senior State Legislative Manager, 2021
Political Consultant, 2020

Represent.Us is a national good government organization focused on passing state and local
anti-corruption measures through citizen referendums, and was founded with the aim of getting big
money out of US politics. In recent years, they have begun expanding their work to other areas. I rejoined
Represent Us in a consulting role to help them establish a legislative lobbying program focused on
expanding Vote by Mail laws modelled after best practices in states like Colorado. I joined the team in a
full-time role in 2021 to continue building out state level programs focused on democracy defense and
anti-gerrymandering work

Major accomplishments:

● Completed a nationwide comparative policy analysis of state vote by mail and absentee ballot
laws to develop Represent Us’ model vote by mail policy.
 ● Completed a nationwide viability analysis to recommend initial targets for a pilot legislative
lobbying program aimed at passing vote by mail laws modeled after nationwide best practices.
This laid the foundation for multiple legislative lobbying campaigns including a successful effort
to pass a new vote by mail law in Vermont (Bill # SB15 / Statute 17 VSA § 2537a). At time of
writing, similar legislative lobbying efforts in Rhode Island and Maine are still ongoing.

● Provided viability analysis and political strategy guidance for Represent Us’ democracy defense
prorgams and anti-gerrymandering work in key battle ground states including Wisconsin,
Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Georgia. With the redistricting cycle largely complete, this
program is now primarily focused on supporting county clerks and local election workers as they
face unprecedented threats and pressure as a result of GOP rhetoric aimed at undermining
confidence in the integrity of American elections.

● Vetted scores of lobbying firms and other vendors to ensure the organization retained high quality
agencies to augment its state level programs.

Motive AI
Director of State Programs, 2018 - 2019

Motive AI is a digital media agency that was contracted by the Colorado Democratic campaign apparatus
to focus on the 2018 state legislature elections. As Colorado has a part-time state legislature, I chose to
move from my role with the Colorado Senate Democratic Caucus to the campaign operation at the end of
the 2018 legislative session.

We were tasked with five key state senate races, as well as limited engagement with the Governor and
Attorney General campaigns.

Major accomplishments:

● Won all five state senate races, attorney general, and governor. What was supposed to be a
relatively close series of races turned into double-digit blowouts with the exception of our
attorney general candidate, who won by 6 points.

● Oversaw $487K ad buy budget and production team of four (two video editors, one script writer,
one social media admin)

● Grew several state politics-focused Facebook pages from scratch in roughly one year. Three of
these ranked in the top ten for total interactions with Colorado politics pages (2nd, 6th, and 7th
place) despite being brand new. Our Colorado Resistance page (2nd overall) went from zero to
36K followers, making it one of the largest pages in Colorado state-level politics.

Colorado Senate Democrats

Communications Director, 2017 - 2018

As Communications Director, I oversaw caucus communications strategy, digital content production,

social media strategy, website redesign & content, and press strategy & outreach for the 2018 legislative
session. Other responsibilities included advising caucus leadership and senior staff on messaging and
political strategy. I’m very proud of the work we were able to do with a communications staff of two
(myself included) and zero ad budget, especially given the difficulty most state legislature accounts have
gaining traction on social media.

Major accomplishments:

● Significantly improved caucus Twitter account metrics vs 2017 leg session:

○ Increased engagements from 24K to 473K (1870% increase)
○ Increased impressions from 1.1M to 17.4M (1481% increase)
○ Increased followers added from 1,738 to 5,546 (219% increase)
○ Had several Tweets that performed at an exceptionally high level for a state leg account,
including this greatest hit (31K RTs 101K likes) pushing back on Jeff Sessions’ drug
policy (“Surprisingly Good” raves Splinter News)

● Significantly improved caucus Facebook account metrics vs 2017 leg session:

○ Increased engagements from 1.5K to 87.4K (5727% increase)
○ Increased reach from 57.4K to 869.3K (1414% increase)
○ Increased new page likes from to 261 to 1,346 (415% increase)

● Gave caucus a branding overhaul including new logo and website redesign (note: while the web
design is mine, new caucus communications staff have since changed the website copy).

● Secured regular press coverage for caucus members despite being the minority party, including
an in-depth Colorado Matters interview that help ensure passage of a bill providing in-state tuition
for refugees (while the media chose to focus on the military translators aspect, the bill extends to
all refugees resettled in Colorado)

Colorado Resistance
Co-founder, 2017 - 2018

Colorado Resistance is a campaign to channel the passionate (but occasionally unfocused) grassroots
backlash to the Trump presidency into critical state and local races in Colorado. Our strategy used
modern digital media best practices and strong grassroots organizing tactics to engage a new wave of
progressives in key races for state legislature, attorney general, secretary of state, and governor.

Major accomplishments:

● Joined forces with my state senator (Sen. Fenberg) to co-author the Colorado Resistance Manual.
To my knowledge, this is the first state politics focused version of the Indivisible Guide. The
Colorado Resistance Manual expands on the original strategy outlined in the national guide by (1)
identifying the most competitive state level races, with a particular focus on the state legislature
and (2) providing a set of tools and strategies to help grassroots activists channel money and
volunteer resources from safely blue parts of the state into swing state legislature races (think
SwingLeft, but at the state level).
 ● Created and launched ColoradoResistance.org as a resource for grassroots activists across the
state. In addition to serving as a hub for the Colorado Resistance Manual, the site also provides a
target races feature which outlines the 20 races progressives need to win in order to secure a full
takeover of Colorado’s government in 2018. Each target race page includes a summary of the
race and its stakes, district maps and profiles, and a series of clear calls to action that any activist
can immediately follow.

Represent.Us
Communications Director, 2013 - 2016

Represent.Us is a national good government organization focused on passing state and local
anti-corruption measures through citizen referendums, and was founded with the aim of getting big
money out of US politics. As Communications Director, I oversaw communications strategy, digital media
production, social media strategy, press strategy & outreach, and digital audience development. Other
responsibilities included advising senior staff on messaging, polling, policy design, and political strategy,
content strategy and video production, and providing input on messages to our email list of 250K
members.

Major accomplishments:

● Built an enormously successful digital communications program. Represent.Us has the largest
and most influential social media presence of any Money in Politics organization. In my time with
the organization, our Facebook following grew from roughly 50K to 370K (640% increase).
Additionally, our video content accumulated more than 50 million views, and our organization’s
work and mission have been featured by hundreds of local and national news outlets including
CBS Sunday Morning, TIME Magazine, and CNN.

● Produced digital content strategy for the successful IM-22 ballot initiative campaign, which saw
the passage of a landmark anti-corruption law (including public financing of elections) in deep-red
South Dakota. The state’s GOP-dominated legislature felt so threatened by the voter-backed
measure, they took the unprecedented step of declaring a “state of emergency” in order to repeal
it. This was a... radicalizing moment for me.

● Played a major role in shaping the ongoing political and communications strategy of the
Represent.Us campaign, which now boasts the largest email list and most politically diverse base
of supporters in the money in politics / campaign finance reform movement.

Digital content production samples

● Animated explainer video (creative direction + writing)

● Social media campaign video (national) (writing + video editing)
● Social media campaign video (local initiative) (writing + video editing)
● Created a viral campaign for a fake candidate for President who beat Jeb Bush in a straw poll
and got our organization’s work featured on CBS Sunday Morning (creative direction + writing)
 PROPOSAL SUBMITTAL SECTION

Company Information

Company Name: The

________________________________________
Bighorn Company EIN: __________________
86-2808476
DUNS:__________________________________________
00-226-8235
Unique Entity Identification Number: __________________________________________
N/A
Company Name as filed with the Secretary of State, if corporate entity: ______________________________________
The Bighorn Company LLC
(Colorado Secretary of State Website, for reference purposes, is http://www.sos.state.co.us/ )

Phone Number: _________________________

(732) 406-9710 Fax Number: ____________________________
N/A
Company Address: ________________________________________
7830 W. Alameda Avenue 103-218
________________________________________
Lakewood, CO 80226
Authorized Signature: ______________________________________________________________

Printed Name and Title: __________________________________________________________

Ian Silverii, Partner
E-mail Address: _________________________________________________________________
[email protected]
Date: _______________
09/25/2023

Submittal Checklist
The following documents are to be returned with your proposal.

PLACE A CHECK () BY EACH ITEM SUBMITTED

1.  Submit the following copies of all information requested herein, including all attachments, unless otherwise
indicated, on BidNet at www.bidnetdirect.com/colorado

ONE (1) electronic copy of the technical proposal

ONE (1) electronic copy of the cost proposal in a separate document
2.  This completed and signed Proposal Submittal Section.

4.  Attachments for Item #'s of RFP as follows:

#6 Resumes

#10 Details on liquidated damages and/or disputes (if applicable)

#13. Details on lawsuits (if applicable)

#14. Details on charges filed (if applicable)

#17. Explanation of why firm is best suited to provide the requested services

5.  Authorized Signatory pages, if applicable (Refer to Authorized Signatory Section for details)

6.  Exceptions sheet, if applicable.

Consultation regarding POTENTIAL Ballot Solutions to Funding Challenges RFP#23-9804V-CM:

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 PROPOSAL SUBMITTAL SECTION

8.  W-9 for the firm submitting the proposal.

9.  Acknowledgement of Receipt of Addenda below, if applicable.

Note: Be advised that the successful firm, if a corporate entity, will be required to provide evidence of current good standing
with the Colorado Secretary of State after acceptance of a proposal.

Authorized Representative
Indicate the name of the Authorized Representative who will be assigned to this project:

______________________________________
Ian Silverii
Phone Number: _________________________
(732) 406-9710 Email Address:__________________________________________
[email protected]

Key Notices

Indicate the name and title of the individual who will receive Key Notices____________________________________
Ian Silverii
Company E-mail Address_______________________________________________________________________
[email protected]
Mailing Address_______________________________________________________________________________
7830 West Alameda Avenue 103-218 Lakewood, Colorado 80226
Telephone Number_____________________________________________________________________________
(732) 406-9710

Authorized Signatory for Contract

Name and Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________________

Ian Silverii, Partner
The County accepts the signatures on contracts from the following individuals:

A. Corporation (For-Profit or Non-Profit) – President or Vice President

B. Limited Liability Company (LLC) - Manager or Member*

C. General Partnership, Limited Partnership (LP), Limited Liability Partnership (LLP), Limited Liability Limited
Partnership (LLLP) - General Partner*

*Note: If the organization falls into categories B or C, you are required to provide a copy of the front page, signature page
and the section of the Operating Agreement, or Partnership Agreement that defines who in the organization has contract
signature authority.

Award
Proposals submitted which do not meet the requirements of this Request may be considered nonresponsive and may not
receive further consideration. (Follow-up calls for missing or incomplete information may not be made.)

All responsive proposals received for this project will be reviewed and ranked on a basis that would best serve the interests
of Jefferson County and in accordance with the criteria listed in the RFP. Factors for ranking will include, but not be limited
to, the firm’s and project staff’s qualifications, references, and prior experience as related to this project as set forth in the
scope of services required.

The firm(s) which is/are selected will be those that best serve the interests of Jefferson County and will be given the first
right to negotiate an agreement acceptable to the County. If an agreement satisfactory to the County cannot be reached,
the County may enter into contract negotiations with one or more of the remaining qualified firms.

Consultation regarding POTENTIAL Ballot Solutions to Funding Challenges RFP#23-9804V-CM:

Page 2 of 4
 PROPOSAL SUBMITTAL SECTION
Insurance and Other Questions
The successful Contractor shall be required to furnish the County with certificates of insurance for the insurance types and
limits as detailed on the attached insurance exhibit prior to performing any activity on this project. Jefferson County, Colorado
shall be the Certificate Holder and shall be named as Additional Insured. All subcontractors must meet the same
insurance requirements unless a deviation has been approved.

Indicate your ability to comply with the following requirements:

a. Your firm agrees to meet all insurance requirements. If no, provide details on Exceptions sheet.

Yes  No 

b. The County shall be added as an Additional Insured to all liability policies:

Yes  No 

c. Your property and liability insurance company is licensed to do business in Colorado:

Yes  No 

d. Indicate the name of your property and liability insurance company here:

Name: ________________________________________________________
State National Insurance Company, Inc. (administered by Next Insurance, Inc.)
e. Your property and liability insurance company has an AM Best rating of not less than A- and/or VII:

Yes  No 

Provide a response to the following:

Are any lawsuits; Federal, State or Local Tax Liens; or any potential claims or liabilities pending against you, your firm, or
the officers of the firm at this time?

Yes  No  If yes, provide details on a separate piece of paper and attach to your proposal.

Has your firm filed for bankruptcy or corporate protection under applicable federal or state laws in the last seven (7)
years?

Yes  No 

Are you or your firm currently debarred or have any exclusions from receiving federal funds according to the System
for Award Management (SAM) at
https://sam.gov/search/?index=_all&page=1&pageSize=25&sort=modifiedDate&sfm%5Bstatus%5D%5Bis_active%5
D=true&sfm%5Bstatus%5D%5Bis_inactive%5D=null

Yes  No 

Exceptions

Are there any exceptions taken to any of the terms, conditions, or specifications of these proposal documents or contract?

Yes  No 

If there are exceptions taken to any of the terms, conditions, or specifications of these proposal documents or contract, they
Consultation regarding POTENTIAL Ballot Solutions to Funding Challenges RFP#23-9804V-CM:
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 PROPOSAL SUBMITTAL SECTION
must be clearly stated on a separate sheet of paper, attached to this sheet and returned with your proposal. (Reference
PROPOSAL INFORMATION Item 11.)

Acknowledgment of Receipt of Addenda

Your acknowledgment of any addendum issued for this RFP shall be noted by signing below. This will serve as your
acknowledgment that these clarifications/revisions have been taken into consideration during the preparation of your
proposal.

Addendum Number: ____

1 Date: 09/06/2023
__________ Acknowledged by: __________________________________
Addendum Number: ____ Date: __________ Acknowledged by: __________________________________
Addendum Number: ____ Date: __________ Acknowledged by: __________________________________
Addendum Number: ____ Date: __________ Acknowledged by: __________________________________
Addendum Number: ____ Date: __________ Acknowledged by: __________________________________
Addendum Number: ____ Date: __________ Acknowledged by: __________________________________

Consultation regarding POTENTIAL Ballot Solutions to Funding Challenges RFP#23-9804V-CM:

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 The Bighorn Company
7830 West Alameda Avenue 103-218
Lakewood, Colorado 80226
(732) 406-9710
thebighorncompany.com

Technical Proposal
Jefferson County Proposal #23-9804V-CM – Consultation Regarding Potential
Ballot Solutions to Funding Challenges | September 25, 2023

Table of Contents

A - Cover Letter and Executive Summary............................................................................................ 2

Cover Letter....................................................................................................................................................... 2
Executive Summary..........................................................................................................................................4
B - Similar Project History...................................................................................................................... 6
Yes on Proposition FF......................................................................................................................................6
Yes on Proposition 118..................................................................................................................................... 7
Yes on Ballot Issue 6C (Boulder)...................................................................................................................8
Drug Policy Alliance Ballot Initiative Viability Assessment.................................................................... 9
Additional Colorado Ballot Initiative Experience.................................................................................... 10
C - Personnel Qualifications..................................................................................................................11
Roles & Responsibilities Matrix....................................................................................................................12
D - Proposed Project Schedule............................................................................................................ 15
E - Statement of Work (SOW).............................................................................................................. 20
Consultant Duties, Milestones, & Deliverables...................................................................................... 20
Schedule of Milestones & Deliverables................................................................................................... 26
F - Project Approach............................................................................................................................. 28
Purposes and Objectives.............................................................................................................................28
Project Approach........................................................................................................................................... 28
Potential Issues and How to Resolve Them............................................................................................30
G - References....................................................................................................................................... 32
H - Cost Proposal...................................................................................................................................33
Total Costs........................................................................................................................................................33
Cost Proposal Scenarios.............................................................................................................................. 33
Bighorn Company Milestone Payment Schedule.................................................................................. 34
Subcontractor Cost Estimates.................................................................................................................... 36
A - Cover Letter and Executive Summary

Cover Letter
Thank you for the opportunity to submit a proposal for this important initiative to seek long-term
and sustainable solutions to Jefferson County’s structural budget imbalance. We believe the
Bighorn Company is ideally suited for this project given our extensive experience with similar
efforts, lengthy track record of success in Colorado politics, and personal commitment to
ensuring Jefferson County has the resources to provide exceptional and necessary services and
uphold their infrastructure obligations. Our past work includes multiple successful ballot initiative
campaigns that have raised more than a billion dollars in revenue for governmental entities in
Colorado and conducting thorough fact-finding processes and honest viability assessments for
potential Colorado ballot initiatives.

Most recently, the Bighorn Company served as general consultants for the statewide Yes on
Proposition FF (Healthy School Meals for All) campaign, which was approved by Colorado voters
on the 2022 ballot. Prop FF raised $100.7 million per year in new revenue to provide free school
meals for tens of thousands of Colorado public school students who previously did not qualify for
free or reduced price lunch, and passed with a 13.5 point margin of victory – making it the most
successful revenue raising ballot measure campaign with TABOR-mandated ballot language
(beginning with “Shall state taxes be increased…”) in Colorado history.

As of this month, all eligible Colorado school districts have opted-in to the Healthy School Meals
for All program. We are extremely proud to have played an integral role in the planning and
execution of this campaign.

Our experience also includes major roles for the Yes on Proposition 118 (paid family and medical
leave, approved by Colorado voters in 2020) and Yes on Ballot Issue 6C (Boulder library district,
approved by voters in 2022) campaigns, which are projected to raise an additional $1.2 billion
and $18.78 million in revenue for governmental entities per budget year, respectively. The
Bighorn Company also served as general consultants for the Drug Policy Alliance (DPA), a
national nonprofit advocacy organization, and conducted a thorough fact-finding process and
ballot initiative viability assessment to help DPA leadership ultimately decide not to pursue a
statewide ballot initiative in Colorado in 2022.

Our principals have a combined 25 years of relevant experience, and have previously worked in
a variety of key roles throughout Colorado politics including positions with the Speaker of the
Colorado House, the Colorado Senate Democrats, the Colorado House Majority Project, the
University of Denver, and the Denver Post.

Founding Partner Ian Silverii also has a deep personal connection to Jefferson County. The first
political campaign Silverii ever ran was then-Rep. Gwyn Green's 2008 re-election effort to the

2
Colorado House of Representatives for House District 23 – a district that was contained entirely
within Jefferson County. As Deputy and later Director of the Colorado House Majority Project, Ian
worked on nearly 25 different state legislative campaigns in Jefferson County from 2010-2016. In
2011, Ian moved to Lakewood, married a lifelong Jeffco resident, and is raising their son Davis in
the Creighton neighborhood.

We love Jeffco, and would wholeheartedly embrace the opportunity to partner in helping it find
solutions to its funding challenges. Our experience has taught us the importance of proactively
including traditionally underrepresented groups in all phases of research and planning efforts for
projects of this scale and potential impact, and if selected, we would ensure that all community
outreach and public opinion research efforts for this project reach representatively diverse
populations of Jeffco.

The Bighorn Company is exceptionally qualified to conduct a thorough fact-finding process to

evaluate how to overcome Jeffco’s current funding challenges, whether or not submitting a
funding question or questions to Jefferson County voters at the November 2024 ballot is the best
financial path to meeting the needs and expectations of the community, and to use the results of
this fact-finding process to advise County leadership on the best path forward. We are eager to
build on our past successes working on potential ballot initiatives and would commit significant
firm capacity — including both of our Principals — to this project if selected.

Thank you for your time and consideration. We hope to discuss this proposal with you in-depth at
your earliest convenience.

Sincerely,
Ian, Mansur, and Katie
The Bighorn Company

3
Executive Summary
Firm history: The Bighorn Company is a Colorado-based political consulting firm formed by
Principals Ian Silverii and Mansur Gidfar in 2021. Silverii and Gidfar work directly with our clients
to provide a range of political and communications consulting services. We have helped
nonprofit, political, government, and higher education clients both in Colorado and across the
country win campaigns, make policy change, and build thriving organizations.

Ian Silverii worked in Colorado politics for more than a decade before forming the Bighorn
Company including positions with Colorado House Majority Project, the Speaker of the Colorado
House, The Denver Post, ProgressNow Colorado, and the University of Denver. Ian and his family
currently reside in Lakewood, Colorado.

Mansur Gidfar has worked in politics and advocacy for a decade, and Colorado politics since
2017 including positions with the Colorado Senate Democrats and Motive AI, and consulting roles
for the Colorado Fiscal Institute. Mansur and his family currently reside in Denver, Colorado.

Senior Strategist Katie Farnan joined the Bighorn Company in mid-2023 and assists clients with a
wide variety of work including communications, community outreach, research, and project
management. Katie is a longtime Colorado resident and a professionally trained research
librarian with 15 years of experience working in public libraries, the philanthropic sector, project
management, and digital media. Katie also brings valuable local government ballot question
experience from her work on the Yes on Ballot Issue 6C campaign in Boulder. Katie and her
family currently reside in Boulder, Colorado.

Principals’ combined years of relevant experience: 25

Similar Colorado Project History:

New revenue generated for
Client Role
governmental entity

Yes on Proposition FF Campaign

General Consultants $100.7 million per year
(healthy school meals for all, 2022)

Yes on Proposition 118 Campaign $1.2 billion per year (projections

Political Director
(paid family and medical leave, 2020) for state budget year 23/24)

Yes on Ballot Issue 6C $18.78 million per year

Digital & Outreach Lead
(Boulder library district, 2022) (projected)

N/A (client declined to pursue

Drug Policy Alliance
2022 initiative campaign per
(Viability assessment for prospective General Consultants
Bighorn Company
2022 statewide ballot initiative)
recommendation)

4
Subcontractors:
Service Subcontractor

Public Opinion Research (Qualitative and Global Strategies Group, FM3, or similarly qualified
Quantitative) firm

Translation services Colorado Language Access & Cultural Experts,

Colorado Language Connection, Language
Collective, or similarly qualified firm

Fiscal Policy Expert (if needed) Jenise May (former budget analyst for Colorado
House Democratic Caucus), Colorado Fiscal
Institute, Bell Policy Center, Camille Driver
(Independent lobbyist), University of Denver
Scrivner Institute, or similarly qualified subject
matter expert

Legal Policy Counsel (if needed) Tierney Lawrence Stiles , Recht Kornfeld PC, or
similarly qualified firm

5
B - Similar Project History

Yes on Proposition FF
Project type: Statewide ballot initiative (Colorado, 2022)
Bighorn Company role: General Consultants
Result: Success (initiative passed)
Contract term: May 1, 2022 to November 11, 2022
Total dollar amount of original contract: $63,600
Total dollar amount upon completion: $63,600
Contact name & phone number: Ashley Wheeland, (720) 258-5115

Proposition FF was a statewide ballot question that was approved by Colorado voters at the
2022 ballot. Prop FF raised an estimated $100.7 million per year in additional state revenues to
establish the Healthy School Meals for All program to reimburse participating schools to provide
free meals to students and provide schools with local food purchasing grants and school
food-related funding.

Prop FF passed with a 13.5 point margin of victory (56.75% Yes - 43.25% No), making it the most
successful revenue raising ballot measure campaign with TABOR-mandated ballot language
(beginning with “Shall state taxes be increased…”) in Colorado history. Jefferson County voters
approved Prop FF with a 13.22 point margin of victory (56.61% Yes - 43.39% No).

As General Consultants, the Bighorn Company played an integral role in the planning and
execution of the Yes on Prop FF campaign, including:

● Successfully identifying and recruiting an experienced and highly qualified Campaign

Manager
● Assisting with the development and execution of the campaign’s fundraising plan in
coordination with the primary sponsoring organization (Hunger Free Colorado) and a
broad coalition of supportive organizations
● Providing prospective campaign vendor research & recommendations, budgeting, and
scenario planning
● Hiring and managing campaign vendors in collaboration with the Campaign Manager
including public opinion research, paid media, and earned media vendors
● Providing regular input on topline campaign messaging and ongoing rapid response
press support
● Collaborating with campaign vendors on the development of winning campaign
communications such as mailers, radio, digital, and television ads
● Assisting with campaign spokesperson selection, recruitment, and development

6
Yes on Proposition 118
Project type: Statewide ballot initiative (Colorado, 2020)
Bighorn Company role: Political Director (Ian Silverii, Principal)
Result: Success (initiative passed)
Contract term: May 2020 to November 2020
Total dollar amount of original contract: $27,000
Total dollar amount upon completion: $26,133
Contact name & phone number: Joe Kabourek, (321) 439-6846

Proposition 118 was a statewide ballot question that was approved by Colorado voters at the
2020 ballot. Prop 118 raised an estimated $1.2 billion in additional state revenues in state budget
year 2023-24 to establish a paid family and medical leave program in Colorado funded by a
payroll tax to be paid for by employers and employees in a 50/50 split.

Prop 118 passed with a 15.5 point margin of victory (57.75% Yes - 42.25% No), and, as a fee-based
insurance program and not a strict tax increase, avoided TABOR-mandated ballot language due
to its funding design. Jefferson County voters approved Prop 118 with a 13.44 point margin of
victory (56.72% Yes - 43.28% No).

With the passage of Prop 118, Colorado became the first state to pass paid family and medical
leave at the ballot box. Prop 118 was upheld by the Colorado Supreme Court after an
unsuccessful legal challenge to its funding design, and benefits will begin to be available on
January 1, 2024.

As then-Executive Director of ProgressNow Colorado serving in the role of campaign Political

Director, now-Bighorn Company Principal Ian Silverii played an integral role in the planning and
execution of the Yes on Prop 118 campaign, including:

● Advised Campaign Manager Joe Kabourek and other senior staff on political strategy
throughout the campaign
● Grasstops education, recruitment, and sign-ons for elected officials at all levels of
government.
● Securing the endorsements of over 90 current and former elected officials including
then-Gov. John Hickenlooper, US Senator Michael Bennet, all four Democratic members
of the Congressional delegation and every statewide nonexecutive constitutional office
holder.
● Helped secure over 60 endorsements of leading nonprofit organizations in Colorado as
well as 150 small businesses across the state

7
Yes on Ballot Issue 6C (Boulder)
Project type: Local ballot issue (City of Boulder and surrounding unincorporated Boulder County
areas, 2022)
Bighorn Company role: Digital & Outreach Lead (Katie Farnan, Senior Strategist)
Result: Success (issue passed)
Contract term: April 1, 2021 to November 8, 2022
Total dollar amount of original contract: N/A (volunteer role)
Total dollar amount upon completion: N/A (volunteer role)
Contact name & phone number: Doug Hamilton, (720) 550-3572

Ballot Issue 6C was a local ballot issue that was approved by voters within the boundary of the
new Library District proposed by Issue 6C (City of Boulder and surrounding unincorporated
Boulder County areas) on the 2022 ballot. Issue 6C established a new government entity
(Boulder Public Library District) and was projected to raise an estimated $18.78 million in
additional revenues to support its operations through a 3.5 mill property tax levy.

Issue 6C passed with a 6.4 point margin of victory (53.20% to 46.80%) despite TABOR-mandated
ballot language (“Shall the Boulder Public Library District taxes be increased…”).

The Yes on Issue 6C campaign was led by Boulder Library Champions, a volunteer-driven
organization committed to expanding and improving library services in Boulder. As a core
member of the Communications Committee tasked with directing digital and outreach efforts,
Bighorn Company Senior Strategist Katie Farnan played an integral role in the planning and
execution of the Yes on Issue 6C campaign, including:

● Developing and executing the campaign’s social media plan including scheduling,
prioritization, and central themes for the campaign’s messaging and online presence
● Leading all social media communications on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and
TikTok
● Developing the strategy for organic interactions in Facebook groups and NextDoor to
combat misinformation and regularly provide original, relevant content from community
members to engage specific segments of voters and stoke conversation
● Developing an all-volunteer in-person outreach strategy which included sending
volunteers to specific public spaces throughout the campaign for 2-hour shifts outside of
grocery stores, farmers markets, and other local events
● Executing campaign graphic design deliverables, including endorsement graphics, quote
graphics, graphics that share campaign FAQs, photos of volunteers in action, and memes
● Creating 72 original short video clips of testimonials of library supporters explaining why
they support Measure 6C, and distributing those across digital platforms
● Creating 2 video ads

8
 ● Doing targeted outreach to various stakeholders on the issue to encourage them to
publish written pieces in local media
● Acting as chief writer and editor for 39 unique blog posts over the course of the
campaign, as well as 57 unique letters and opinion pieces, 38 of which were published in
local media including the Daily Camera, Boulder Weekly, and Boulder Beat.

Drug Policy Alliance Ballot Initiative Viability Assessment

Project type: Viability assessment and recommendation for prospective statewide ballot initiative
(Colorado, 2022)
Bighorn Company role: General Consultants
Result: Recommended against proceeding with 2022 initiative (recommendation accepted)
Contract term: October 4, 2021 - December 31, 2021
Total dollar amount of original contract: $37,500
Total dollar amount upon completion: $37,500
Contact name & phone number: Lindsay LaSalle, (510) 847-8064

The Drug Policy Alliance (DPA) retained the Bighorn Company to (1) conduct a viability
assessment of a potential 2022 statewide ballot initiative in Colorado and (2) provide a
recommendation as to whether or not DPA should invest the significant resources required to
pursue this initiative.

The Bighorn Company conducted a thorough viability assessment that included:

● Developing an exploratory campaign plan for the potential 2022 ballot initiative
● Conducting outreach to statewide elected officials, state legislators, senior staff members,
and other key stakeholders to gauge potential support and opposition
● Conducted outreach to potential coalition partners to gauge enthusiasm and interested in
committing time and resources to support a potential 2022 ballot initiative
● Coordinated with DPA staff, subcontracted legal counsel, and subcontracted public
opinion research firm to conduct quantitative public opinion research to assess the
viability of a potential 2022 ballot initiative
● Researched, vetted, and recommended campaign vendors for key campaign roles such
as signature gathering, field organizing, and paid communications (mail, digital, and TV) in
order to more accurately estimate the cost of supporting a potential 2022 ballot initiative
● Provided low, medium, and high campaign budget estimates for various scenarios that
could arise in supporting a potential 2022 ballot initiative

We ultimately recommended against proceeding with a 2022 initiative – a recommendation DPA

chose to follow. We firmly believe that this guidance helped prevent DPA from spending millions
of dollars on a ballot initiative campaign that would have been unlikely to succeed, and left DPA
well-prepared to pursue alternative Colorado ballot initiative plans in future election cycles.

9
Additional Colorado Ballot Initiative Experience

Bighorn Company
Year Initiative Campaign Result
team member role

Coalition Lead,
Executive Committee
No on Prop 115 (ban on abortions Success (opposed
2020 Member, &
later in pregnancy) measure defeated)
Communications
Committee Chair

Yes on Amendment A (repeal General Consultant & Success (supported

2018 exception to state constitution ban
Campaign Strategist measure passed)
on slavery)

Digital,
Yes on Amendment 73 (tax Communications, & Failure (supported
2018
increase for education) Social Media measure defeated)
Strategist

Digital,
Yes on Proposition 111 (payday loan Communications, & Success (supported
2018
limits) Social Media measure passed)
Strategist

Digital &
Yes on Proposition 112 (oil and gas Failure (supported
2018 Communications
setbacks) measure defeated)
Consultant

No on Amendment 74 Strategist & Executive Success (opposed

2018
(compensation for takings) Committee Member measure defeated)

Yes on Proposition 106 (death with Communications & Success (supported

2016
dignity) Political Director measure passed)

Coalition
Yes on Amendment 70 (increase Communications, Success (supported
2016
minimum wage) Digital, & Social measure passed)
Media Lead

10
C - Personnel Qualifications

Ian Silverii, Partner

Background: Over the course of his 15 years in politics, Partner Ian Silverii has played many roles
in shaping and advancing the progressive movement in Colorado. Silverii proudly served as the
Director of the Colorado House Majority Project and Chief of Staff to the Colorado House
Democrats from 2014-2016, playing an instrumental role in building durable legislative majorities
and securing the passage of key policy priorities including Colorado’s gold standard Vote by Mail
and election laws. He went on to run ProgressNow Colorado, the state's largest and most
notorious progressive communications and advocacy organization.

After five years at the helm of ProgressNow Colorado, Silverii joined his partner Mansur Gidfar in
forming The Bighorn Company which serves clients across the country. Silverii also teaches at
the Scrivner Institute of Public Policy at the University of Denver and co-hosts the weekly
Colorado politics show, The Get More Smarter Podcast. His writing has appeared in The Colorado
Springs Gazette, Colorado Politics, The Denver Post (where he was a resident columnist for 3
years), The Colorado Times Recorder, and the Harvard Law & Policy Review and he has appeared
on MSNBC, 9News, The Denver Channel, KGNU, Colorado Public Radio, City Cast Denver, Rocky
Mountain PBS and KDNK.

Relevant Experience: Silverii’s extensive experience working on similar projects includes leading
the Bighorn Company’s work on the Yes on Proposition FF campaign and the DPA ballot initiative
viability assessment. Prior to forming the Bighorn Company, Silverii accumulated significant
experience working on Colorado ballot initiative campaigns including Yes on Proposition 118, No
on Prop 115, Yes on Amendment A, Yes on Amendment 73, Yes on Proposition 111, Yes on
Proposition 112, No on Amendment 74, Yes on Proposition 106, and Yes on Amendment 70.

Mansur Gidfar, Partner

Background: Partner Mansur Gidfar is a political professional with 10 years of experience. Gidfar
previously served as Communications Director for the Colorado Senate Democrats, overhauling
the caucus' branding and growing its digital presence by more than 1000%. He went on to
oversee an independent statewide digital advertising program in the 2018 election cycle, which
saw Democrats win five key state senate races and major statewide contests to secure trifecta
control of Colorado Government. Gidfar began his career as Communications Director for
Represent Us—a national democracy reform nonprofit known for its ballot initiative work—where
content produced under his direction continues to accumulate millions of views on Facebook,
YouTube, and, to his admitted amazement, TikTok. He has also served both national and local
clients as a consultant, including MIT Media Lab, Represent Us, and Colorado Fiscal Institute.

11
Relevant Experience: Gidfar’s extensive experience working on similar projects includes leading
the Bighorn Company’s work on the Yes on Proposition FF campaign and the DPA ballot initiative
viability assessment. Prior to joining the Bighorn Company, Gidfar accumulated significant ballot
initiative experience while working for Represent Us, a nonprofit organization that funds and
supports good government reform ballot initiatives in cities and states across the country –
including ballot initiatives in Florida, Maine, and South Dakota.

Katie Farnan, Senior Strategist

Background: Senior Strategist Katie Farnana is a professionally trained librarian, bringing 15
years’ experience working in public libraries, the philanthropic sector, project management, and
digital media. Her most recent role was senior director of marketing & operations for Candid.org,
formerly GuideStar, where she worked for 13 years. In 2017, Farnan co-founded Colorado’s largest
Indivisible group, which was a network of activated Colorado residents interested in pushing for
democratic principles such as healthcare, voting rights, and fair taxation. Her work received local
and national media attention, and was featured in the book We Are Indivisible.

Relevant Experience: Farnan has accumulated significant communications and community

outreach experience through her professional and organizing career. Farnan has also worked as
a core digital strategy team member on small ballot and local candidate campaigns in the Denver
and Boulder area since 2021, including the successful revenue-raising Yes on Ballot Issue 6C
campaign in Boulder County.

Roles & Responsibilities Matrix

Bighorn Company Team Member & Estimated Time

Commitment (Hours)

SOW SOW Duty, Milestone, or

Ian Silverii Mansur Gidfar Katie Farnan
Item # Deliverable

1(a) Make strategic

recommendations regarding
overall project planning,
As needed As needed -
schedule, strategies, tactics,
key performance indicators
and objectives

1(b) Refine project scope of work

As needed As needed -
as needed

1(c) Make strategic

recommendations regarding
As needed As needed -
methods and timelines for
gathering information from the

12
 public to inform potential
ballot solutions including
polling and public opinion
research, community input,
County stakeholder input,
policy expert input, and legal
expert input

1(d) Research, recommend, and

manage highly qualified As needed As needed As needed
subcontractors as needed

2(a) Comparable ballot policy

40 40 40
review and analysis

2(b) County financial outlook

review and ballot policy 40 40 40
options analysis

2(c) Develop final shortlist of

20 20 20
potential ballot solutions

3(a) Community outreach plan

40 40 40
development

3(b) Coalition building &

stakeholder input on potential 40 40 40
ballot solutions

3(c) Qualitative public opinion

research instrument
20 20 20
development and results
report

3(d) Gauge potential coalition

support and enthusiasm for
40 40 40
top-polling potential ballot
solutions

4(a) Quantitative public opinion

research instrument
20 20 20
development and results
report

5(a) Direct all strategic

communications planning for
this project in collaboration As needed As needed -
with County leadership and
staff

5(b) Strategic communications plan

40 40 40
development

13
5(c) Work with county leadership
and staff to provide ongoing
messaging guidance and
recommendations based on
research findings, community As needed As needed -
outreach findings, and any
additional developments that
may arise throughout the
duration of this project

5(d) Provide rapid-response

communications support as
As needed As needed -
needed throughout the
duration of this project

6(a) Develop and present final

40 40 40
recommendations report

6(b) County decision-maker

As needed As needed -
support through final decision

7(a) Ensure all plans for public

opinion research, strategic
communications, and any
other public information
gathering and strategic
communications work that
As needed As needed As needed
may arise throughout the
duration of this project include
a plan and cost for translation
and interpretation services to
reach Spanish speaking
community members

14
D - Proposed Project Schedule

Statement of Work
Phase Dates Description
Category & Task

Work with County staff to review:

● Jefferson County’s recent past ballot

efforts to address funding challenges
Policy Research &
Development: ● Recent past ballot efforts to address
Nov. 1 - Dec. 1,
1 2023
Comparable ballot funding challenges in other Colorado
policy review and counties with comparable populations
analysis and demographics

● Jefferson County-level election results

for recent statewide revenue-raising
ballot measures

● Work with County leadership and staff

to review the County’s current financial
outlook and funding challenges to
establish a minimum revenue target a
potential ballot solution would aim to
generate
Policy Research &
Development:
Dec. 4 - Dec. 29, ● Work with County staff (and/or fiscal and
2 2023
County financial outlook
legal policy expert subcontractors if
review and ballot policy
County does not have the requisite
options analysis
in-house staff capacity to support this
component of the project) to develop a
complete list of all legally permissible
policy options that a potential ballot
solution could entail in order to achieve
established minimum revenue target

● Work with County leadership & staff to

discuss and identify issues to be
addressed prior to commencing
development of a community outreach
plan
Community Outreach:
Jan. 1 - Jan. 12,
3 2024
Community outreach
● Design draft community outreach plan
plan development
and present to County leadership

● Obtain approval from County leadership

before proceeding with execution of
community outreach plan

Jan. 15 - Mar. 1, Community Outreach: ● Conduct outreach to County leaders,

4 2024 Coalition building & prominent organizations, and other

15
 stakeholder input on community stakeholders to gauge
potential ballot solutions interest in and enthusiasm for
supporting potential ballot solutions to
funding challenges

● Solicit stakeholder input on policy

options that would both achieve the
County’s minimum revenue target and
fall within the range of legally
permissible policy options established in
Phase 2

● Enlist enthusiastic and supportive

stakeholders to participate in a
community partner steering committee
to help guide overall efforts regarding
potential ballot solutions

Work with County leadership and our

designated public opinion research
subcontractor (pollster) to:

● Develop a qualitative public opinion

research instrument (i.e. online panel of
Jeffco residents, in-person or remote
focus group, and/or ethnographic
journals) to help the County (A) evaluate
community awareness of County
services and current conditions of
Community Outreach: County operations and funding
Qualitative public challenges, (B) determine community
opinion research to priorities and preferences regarding the
Mar. 4 - Mar. 29
5 2024
gauge community quality and means by which County
awareness of county services are delivered, (C) identify how
funding situation and the community prefers the County
potential ballot solutions address its financial challenges, and (D)
obtain community feedback on a
shortlist of potential ballot solutions
based on the work completed in Phases
1, 2, and 4

● Field final qualitative public opinion

research instrument to a representative
sample of County residents

● Compile results and present findings to

County leadership

Policy Research & Work with County leadership and staff (and/or
Apr. 1 - Apr. 12, Development: fiscal and legal policy expert subcontractors if
6 2024 Develop final shortlist of County does not have the requisite in-house
potential ballot solutions staff capacity to support this component of the

16
 project) to develop a final shortlist of three (3)
potential ballot solutions that:

● Would both achieve the County’s

minimum revenue target and fall within
the range of legally permissible policy
options established in Phase 2

● Have the strongest levels of initial

community support based on the work
completed in Phases 4 and 5

● Would be the most likely to be approved

by Jefferson County voters based on
the evidence gathered through work
completed in Phases 1, 4, and 5

Work with County leadership and our

designated public opinion research
subcontractor to:

● Develop a quantitative (i.e. poll or

statistically representative and valid
survey) public opinion research
instrument to gauge public support for
the final shortlist of potential ballot
solutions established by Phase 6,
including simulated ballot language for
all potential ballot solutions

Polling: ● Present draft poll language and

Quantitative public methodology to County leadership and
opinion research to staff for feedback and revision
gauge community
Apr. 15 - May 10,
7 2024
opinion on final shortlist ● Obtain approval of final poll language
of potential ballot and methodology from County
solutions leadership and staff prior to fielding

● Field final quantitative public opinion

research instrument to a representative
sample of County residents

● Compile results and present findings to

County leadership and staff in a report
and presentation that includes (A) the
framework and methodology used, the
tabulations of all contacts made as part
of the survey, including refusals,
disconnected numbers, busy lines,
unanswered calls, number of attempts,
communication barriers and age issues,
and (B) tabulation of survey results, key

17
 findings, detailed findings, conclusions,
and recommendations to support
informed decision-making and strategic
communications planning

Work with County leadership & Public Affairs

team to:

● Develop a strategic communications

plan informed by the findings of
community outreach and public opinion
research completed in Phases 4, 5, and
7 that includes messaging, target
audiences, messengers, key strategies
and tactics, a specific strategy for
Strategic neutral information communications
Communications: tools (social media, collateral, etc.)
May 13 - May 31,
8 2024
Strategic regarding County fiscal challenges and
communications plan potential solutions designed for
development community members that can be shared
after a decision on a ballot question has
been made, other communications tools
as dictated by community outreach and
public opinion research findings, and
timelines

● Present draft plan to County leaders for

review and approval, refine plan based
on input, and update throughout project
as needed

● Conduct outreach to County leaders,

prominent organizations, and other
community stakeholders to gauge
interest in and enthusiasm for
supporting top-polling potential ballot
solutions identified by public opinion
research completed in Phases 5 and 7
Community Outreach:
Gauge potential
● Determine the extent to which these
coalition support and
stakeholders would organize and
May 13 - May 31, enthusiasm for
8 2024 top-polling potential
expend resources in support of
top-polling potential ballot solutions if
ballot solutions
they were ultimately referred to
Jefferson County voters at the
November 2024 ballot

● Work with interested community partner

steering committee members to ensure
they are fully prepared to support a
top-polling potential ballot solution if
one is ultimately referred to Jefferson

18
 County voters at the November 2024
ballot

By no later than July 1, 2024, provide County

leadership and staff with a comprehensive final
recommendations report and presentation that:
Final Recommendations
Report & Presentation: ● Provides a concrete recommendation
Jun. 3 - Jul. 1, Develop and present on whether or not to refer a potential
9 2024 final recommendations ballot solution to Jefferson County
report voters at the November 2024 ballot

● Summarizes all work completed to date

and clearly explains how this work
informed our final recommendation

● Answer any additional questions County

leadership may have regarding our final
recommendations report as needed

● Provide County leaders with additional

guidance and recommendations to help
facilitate their final decision as needed

● Provide County leaders with strategic

communications guidance for both
potential options (refer a potential ballot
solution to the November 2024 ballot or
decline to refer a potential ballot
Final Recommendations
solution to the November 2024 ballot)
Report & Presentation:
July 2024 (exact
10 dates TBD)
County decision-maker
● If County leaders ultimately decide to
support through final
refer a potential ballot solution to the
decision
November 2024 ballot, we will
immediately cease all work under this
contract as of the moment the decision
is made official (no later than July 23,
2024)

● If County leaders ultimately decide not

to refer a potential ballot solution to the
November 2024 ballot, we will advise
County leaders on strategic
communications regarding this decision
through the end of the month (July 31,
2024)

19
E - Statement of Work (SOW)

Consultant Duties, Milestones, & Deliverables

1. Recommend Strategy to Inform Decision Makers

a. Make strategic recommendations regarding overall project planning, schedule,

strategies, tactics, key performance indicators and objectives
b. Refine project plan and scope of work as needed
c. Make strategic recommendations regarding methods and timelines for gathering
information from the public to inform potential ballot solutions including polling
and public opinion research, community input, County stakeholder input, policy
expert input, and legal expert input
d. Research, recommend, and manage highly qualified subcontractors as needed,
including:
i. Public opinion research subcontractor – to assist with SOW items 3(c) and
4(a)
ii. Fiscal policy expert subcontractor (if needed) – to assist with SOW items
2(b) and 2(c) if County does not have in-house fiscal policy expert capacity
to assist with these SOW items
iii. Legal policy counsel subcontractor (if needed) – to assist with SOW items
2(b) and 2(c) if County does not have in-house legal policy counsel
capacity to assist with these SOW items
iv. Translation and interpretation subcontractors (as needed) – please refer to
SOW item 7(a) for additional details

2. Policy Research & Development

a. Comparable ballot policy review and analysis – work with County staff to review:
i. Jefferson County’s recent past ballot efforts to address funding challenges
ii. Recent past ballot efforts to address funding challenges in other CO
counties with comparable populations and demographics
iii. Jefferson County-level election results for recent statewide
revenue-raising ballot measures

b. County financial outlook review and ballot policy options analysis

i. Work with County leadership and staff to review the County’s current
financial outlook and funding challenges to establish a minimum revenue
target a potential ballot solution would aim to generate
ii. Work with County staff (and/or fiscal and legal policy expert subcontractors
if County does not have the requisite in-house staff capacity to support this

20
 component of the project) to develop a complete list of all legally
permissible policy options that a potential ballot solution could entail in
order to achieve our established minimum revenue target

c. Develop final shortlist of potential ballot solutions

i. Work with County leadership and staff (and/or fiscal and legal policy expert
subcontractors if County does not have the requisite in-house staff
capacity to support this component of the project) to develop a final
shortlist of three (3) potential ballot solutions that:
1. Would both achieve the County’s minimum revenue target and fall
within the range of legally permissible policy options established
by SOW item 2(b)
2. Have the strongest levels of initial community support based on the
work completed in SOW items 3(b) and 3(c)
3. Would be the most likely to be approved by Jefferson County
voters based on the evidence gathered through work completed in
SOW items 2(a), 3(b), and 3(c)

3. Community Outreach

a. Community outreach plan development

i. Work with County leadership & staff to discuss and identify issues to be
addressed prior to commencing development of a community outreach
plan
ii. Design draft community outreach plan that (1) determines roles and
responsibilities and (2) identifies timelines regarding how the plan will work
in conjunction with polling and strategic communications efforts and
present to County leadership
iii. Refine draft based on County leadership’s input
iv. Obtain approval from County leadership before proceeding with execution
of community outreach plan

b. Coalition building & stakeholder input on potential ballot solutions

i. Conduct outreach to County leaders, prominent organizations, traditionally
underrepresented groups, and other community stakeholders to gauge
interest in and enthusiasm for supporting potential ballot solutions to
funding challenges
1. Identify outreach tools, methods, and tactics (e.g. advertising,
SMS-based recruitment software, registered community
organization outreach)
2. Set goals for participation to ensure County community outreach
efforts are reflective of the demographics of the county while

21
 ensuring the inclusion of traditionally underrepresented
communities
ii. Solicit stakeholder input on policy options that would both achieve the
County’s minimum revenue target and fall within the range of legally
permissible policy options established by SOW item 2(b)
iii. Enlist enthusiastic and supportive stakeholders to participate in a
community partner steering committee to help guide overall efforts
regarding potential ballot solutions
iv. Provide community partner steering committee with guidance and support
as needed

c. Qualitative public opinion research instrument development and results report

i. Work with County leadership and our designated public opinion research
subcontractor (pollster) to:
1. Develop a qualitative public opinion research instrument (e.g.
online panel, focus group, and/or ethnographic journals) to help the
County:
a. Evaluate community awareness of County services and
current conditions of County operations and funding
challenges
b. Determine community priorities and preferences regarding
the quality and means by which County services are
delivered
c. Identify any demographic inequities or perceptions thereof
in current County resource allocation or revenue generation
policies
d. Identify how the community prefers the County address its
financial challenges
e. Obtain community feedback on a shortlist of potential ballot
solutions based on the work completed in SOW items 2(a),
2(b), and 3(b)
ii. Field final qualitative public opinion research instrument to a
representative sample of County residents
iii. Compile results and present findings to County leadership
iv. Provide any follow-up materials and conduct presentations for any other
County departments or staff as requested

d. Gauge potential coalition support and enthusiasm for top-polling potential ballot
solutions
i. Conduct outreach to County leaders, prominent organizations, traditionally
underrepresented groups, and other community stakeholders to gauge
interest in and enthusiasm for supporting top-polling potential ballot

22
 solutions identified by public opinion research completed in SOW items
3(c) and 4(a)
ii. Determine the extent to which these stakeholders would organize and
expend resources in support of top-polling potential ballot solutions if they
were ultimately referred to Jefferson County voters at the November 2024
ballot
iii. Work with interested community partner steering committee members to
ensure they are fully prepared to support a top-polling potential ballot
solution if one is ultimately referred to Jefferson County voters at the
November 2024 ballot

4. Polling
a. Quantitative public opinion research instrument development and results report
i. Gauge community opinion on final shortlist of potential ballot solutions –
Work with County leadership and our designated public opinion research
subcontractor to:
1. Develop a quantitative (i.e. poll or statistically representative and
valid survey) public opinion research instrument to gauge public
support for the final shortlist of potential ballot solutions
established by SOW item 2(c), including simulated ballot language
for all potential ballot solutions
2. Ensure quantitative public opinion research instrument is informed
by findings of SOW items 3(b) and 3(c)
3. Present draft poll language and methodology to County leadership
and staff for feedback and revision
4. Obtain approval of final poll language and methodology from
County leadership and staff prior to fielding
5. Field final quantitative public opinion research instrument to a
representative sample of County residents
6. Compile results and present findings to County leadership and staff
in a report and presentation that includes:
a. The framework and methodology used, the tabulations of
all contacts made as part of the survey, including refusals,
disconnected numbers, busy lines, unanswered calls,
number of attempts, communication barriers and age issues
b. Tabulation of survey results, key findings, detailed findings,
conclusions, and recommendations to support informed
decision-making and strategic communications planning
7. Reconvene stakeholder group and community steering committee,
present report and presentation, and solicit feedback for next steps

23
5. Strategic Communications

a. Direct all strategic communications planning for this project in collaboration with
County leadership and staff (including County Public Affairs team and County
Legal Advisory team)

b. Strategic communications plan development

i. Work with County leadership and staff to develop a strategic
communications plan informed by the findings of community outreach and
public opinion research completed in SOW items 3(b), 3(c), and 4(a) that
includes:
1. Messaging
2. Target audiences
3. Messengers
4. Key strategies and tactics
5. Educational outreach plan including a specific strategy for neutral
information communications tools (social media, collateral, etc.)
regarding County fiscal challenges and potential solutions
designed for community members that can be shared after a
decision on a ballot question has been made
6. Other communications tools as dictated by community outreach
and public opinion research findings
7. Timelines
ii. Present draft plan to County leaders for review and approval, refine plan
based on input, and update throughout project as needed
iii. Assist County leaders and staff in implementation of strategic
communications plan as needed

c. Work with county leadership and staff to provide ongoing messaging guidance
and recommendations based on research findings, community outreach findings,
and any additional developments that may arise throughout the duration of this
project

d. Provide rapid-response communications support as needed throughout the

duration of this project

6. Final recommendations report & presentation

a. Develop and present final recommendations report – By no later than July 1, 2024,
provide County leadership and staff with a comprehensive final recommendations
report and presentation that:

24
 i. Provides a concrete recommendation on whether or not to refer a
potential ballot solution to Jefferson County voters at the November 2024
ballot
ii. Summarizes all work completed to date and clearly explains how this work
informed our final recommendation

b. County decision-maker support through final decision

i. Answer any additional questions County leadership may have regarding
our final recommendations report as needed
ii. Provide County leaders with additional guidance and recommendations to
help facilitate their final decision as needed
iii. Provide County leaders with strategic communications guidance for both
potential options (refer a potential ballot solution to the November 2024
ballot or decline to refer a potential ballot solution to the November 2024
ballot)
iv. If County leaders ultimately decide to refer a potential ballot solution to the
November 2024 ballot, we will immediately cease all work under this
contract as of the moment the decision is made official (no later than July
23, 2024)
v. If County leaders ultimately decide not to refer a potential ballot solution to
the November 2024 ballot, we will advise County leaders on strategic
communications regarding this decision through the end of the month (July
31, 2024)

7. Translation

a. Ensure all plans for public opinion research (SOW items 3(c) and 4(a)), strategic
communications (SOW item 5(b)), and any other public information gathering and
strategic communications work that may arise throughout the duration of this
project include a plan and cost for translation and interpretation services to reach
Spanish speaking community members
i. Final translation and interpretation costs will be determined by the ultimate
methodology and contents of public opinion research instruments and
communications materials developed in collaboration with our designated
public opinion research subcontractor and County leadership and staff

25
Schedule of Milestones & Deliverables
Please note: This is a draft schedule for project planning purposes. Final deadlines may be
adjusted as necessitated by changes in process and/or real world events. Substantive deadline
changes and other significant alterations to this schedule will be cleared with County leadership
beforehand if needed.

SOW Item # Milestone / Deliverable Deadline

- Contract start date November 1, 2023

2(a) Comparable ballot policy review and analysis complete December 1, 2023

1(d) Select fiscal policy expert and/or legal policy counsel December 1, 2023
subcontractors with approval from County leadership (if
needed)

2(b) County financial outlook review and ballot policy options December 29, 2023
analysis complete

3(a) Present draft community outreach plan to County January 5, 2024

leadership for review and feedback

3(a) Incorporate County leadership feedback to finalize January 12, 2024

community outreach plan and obtain approval from
County leadership before proceeding with execution of
community outreach plan

3(b) Begin execution of community outreach plan January 15, 2024

1(d) Select public opinion research subcontractor with February 1, 2024

approval from County leadership

3(b) Coalition building & stakeholder input on potential ballot March 1, 2024
solutions community outreach tasks complete

3(c) Present draft qualitative public opinion research March 8, 2024

instrument to County leadership for review and feedback

3(c) Incorporate County leadership feedback to finalize March 15, 2024

qualitative public opinion research instrument and obtain
approval from County leadership before fielding

3(c) Field qualitative public opinion research instrument to a March 22, 2024
representative sample of County residents

3(c) Compile qualitative public opinion research instrument March 29, 2024
results and present findings to County leadership

3(c) Present qualitative public opinion research instrument April 5, 2024

results to community partner steering committee

26
2(c) Final shortlist of three (3) potential ballot solutions April 12, 2024
complete

4(a) Present draft quantitative public opinion research April 19, 2024
instrument to County leadership for review and feedback

4(a) Incorporate County leadership feedback to finalize April 26, 2024

quantitative public opinion research instrument and obtain
approval from County leadership before fielding

4(a) Field quantitative public opinion research instrument to a May 3, 2024

representative sample of County residents

4(a) Compile quantitative public opinion research instrument May 10, 2024
results and present findings to County leadership

5(b) Present draft strategic communications plan to County May 22, 2024
leadership for review and feedback

5(b) Incorporate County leadership feedback to finalize May 31, 2024

strategic communications plan and obtain approval from
County leadership before proceeding with execution of
strategic communications plan

3(d) Present quantitative public opinion research instrument May 31, 2024
results to community partner steering committee to gauge
potential coalition support and enthusiasm for top-polling
potential ballot solutions

6(a) Present final recommendations report and presentation to July 1, 2024

County leadership

6(b) Support County decision-makers through final decision July 23, 2024 OR July 31,
2024, depending on
decision

27
F - Project Approach

Purposes and Objectives

1. Conduct a thorough fact-finding process to evaluate potential solutions to Jefferson

County’s revenue and budget challenges, including whether or not submitting a funding
question or questions to voters at the November 2024 ballot is the best strategic path to
meeting the needs and expectations of the community.

2. Use the results of this fact-finding process to provide a final recommendation to County
leadership regarding whether or not to submit a funding question or questions to
Jefferson County voters at the November 2024 ballot or to pursue other avenues if
possible and practicable. This recommendation shall be provided by no later than July 1,
2024 to allow for the Board of County Commissioners to make a final decision by July 23,
2024.

Project Approach

1. What has been tried before? Review comparable, recent attempts to address funding
challenges with ballot solutions in Jefferson County and other Colorado counties with
comparable populations and demographics for learnings and insights that can be applied
to this project.

2. What is needed to address funding challenges? Work with County leadership, staff, and
fiscal and legal policy experts to review the County’s current financial outlook and funding
challenges to establish a minimum revenue target a potential ballot solution would aim to
generate.

3. Which ballot policy options are available? Work with County leadership, staff, and fiscal
and legal policy experts to develop a complete list of all legally permissible policy options
that a potential ballot solution could entail in order to achieve established minimum
revenue target.

4. What do community leaders think? Conduct outreach to County leaders, prominent

organizations, and other community stakeholders to (A) gauge interest in and enthusiasm
for supporting potential ballot solutions to funding challenges and (B) Solicit stakeholder
input on potential ballot policy options.

5. What does the community at large think? Using a qualitative public opinion research
instrument to ensure a representatively diverse and inclusive sample of County residents

28
 are included, evaluate (A) community awareness of County services and current
conditions of County operations and funding challenges, (B) community priorities and
preferences regarding the quality and means by which County services are delivered, (C)
how the community prefers the County address its financial challenges, and (D)
community feedback on potential ballot policy options.

6. Which potential ballot policy options have the most community support? Work with
County leadership, staff, and fiscal and legal policy experts to develop a final shortlist of
three (3) potential ballot solutions that (A) would achieve the County’s minimum revenue
target. (B) fall within the range of legally permissible policy options, and (C) have the
strongest levels of community support based on previous community outreach efforts.
Then, using a quantitative public opinion research instrument to ensure a representatively
diverse sample of County residents are included, gauge community support for this final
shortlist of potential ballot solutions, including simulated ballot language.

7. How can we educate the community about the County’s financial challenges and
potential solutions? Work with County leadership & Public Affairs team to develop a
strategic communications plan informed by the findings of our community outreach and
public opinion research work that includes messaging, target audiences, messengers, key
strategies and tactics, a specific strategy for neutral information communications tools
(social media, collateral, etc.) regarding County fiscal challenges and potential solutions
designed for community members that can be shared after a decision on a ballot question
has been made, other communications tools as dictated by community outreach and
public opinion research findings, and timelines.

8. Is there strong enough community support for a potential ballot solution to be

approved by voters? Conduct outreach to County leaders, prominent organizations, and
other community stakeholders to gauge interest in and enthusiasm for supporting
top-polling potential ballot solutions identified by public opinion research. This process
includes determining the extent to which these stakeholders would organize and expend
resources in support of potential ballot solutions if they were ultimately referred to voters
and working with interested community partner steering committee members to ensure
they are fully prepared to support a potential ballot solution if one is ultimately referred to
voters.

9. Present a final recommendations report and presentation to County leaders based on

the answers to the questions above as revealed by a thorough fact-finding process to
evaluate whether or not submitting a funding question or questions to Jefferson County
voters at the November 2024 ballot is the best financial path to meeting the needs and
expectations of the community. This comprehensive final recommendations report and
presentation will provide County leadership and staff with (A) a concrete recommendation
on whether or not to refer a potential ballot solution to Jefferson County voters at the

29
 November 2024 ballot and (B) a summary of all work completed to date and a clear
explanation of how this work informed our final recommendation.

Potential Issues and How to Resolve Them

The following issues can surface during this type of project in our firm’s experience. However, as
detailed in the following pages, these issues can typically be avoided with thorough project
planning and proactive thinking.

Confirmation bias: When engaging in fact-finding projects, it can be tempting for decision
makers to, knowingly or unknowingly, seek out and over-emphasize information that supports
their preferred outcome while downplaying information that undermines it.

This issue can be avoided by planning an in-depth fact-finding process grounded in seeking
answers to specific questions and using the findings to inform decision-making. This is why our
project approach is primarily framed as a series of questions. We are firm believers in
evidence-based decision-making rather than setting out to arrive at a specific answer, and have
been able to give our clients objective and clear-eyed advice regardless of the client’s or our own
personal political or policy preferences.

Misreading or misunderstanding research results: Public opinion research (both qualitative and
quantitative) is a powerful tool for gathering community input, ensuring community outreach
efforts are representatively diverse, and assessing the viability of potential ballot initiatives.
However, it can be possible to misread or misunderstand research findings by extrapolating
discrete data points into larger speculative narratives and ignoring countervailing data or warning
signs under the surface.

This issue can be avoided by ensuring all decision makers involved in a project have a thorough
understanding of public opinion research instrument design, methodology / sampling, and what
conclusions can and cannot be drawn from research findings based on the data gathered and
questions asked. We will also commit our public opinion research subcontractor’s availability to
County leadership and staff as well as coalition members to ensure a complete and thorough
understanding of the data acquired and its relevance in context to the overall political and
communications landscape at all points in the project calendar.

Well-funded ideological opponents: When exploring potential ballot initiatives, potential

opposition campaigns are always top of mind. This is especially true for revenue-raising
initiatives, which often draw opposition from well funded interest groups that are ideologically
opposed to government revenue increases of any kind – regardless of community support and
voter approval.

30
This issue can be mitigated by careful political landscape analysis and planning to ensure that
measures are placed on the ballot in election years when ideological opponents are likely to
commit the majority of their resources to supporting their own ballot policy objectives and/or
opposing high-priority ballot issues. It is also vital to engage in strong community outreach and
coalition building to ensure that a strong system of community support exists to counter
opposition efforts should they materialize.

Lack of community buy-in and support: Ballot initiative efforts that fail to engage in strong
community outreach and coalition building work often suffer from a lack of community buy-in and
support. This can leave initiatives without any organized supporters or concerted “vote yes”
efforts when a campaign begins in earnest. If an initiative suffering from this dynamic encounters
any kind of well organized or well funded opposition effort, failure becomes more likely. This
issue can be avoided by placing an intentional emphasis on and committing resources to
community outreach and coalition building efforts – prioritizing this work is key to ensuring that
potential ballot initiatives encompass ideas that the community supports before they are
presented to voters.

Special interest pressure / capture: Potential ballot initiatives, especially those seeking to raise
revenue, often draw criticism from special interest groups. While it is important to approach all
feedback with an open mind, it is also important to understand that many interest groups use
criticism and repeated requests for changes as a means to undermine initiatives to which they
are ideologically opposed and have no earnest intention of supporting regardless of any
concessions they are able to obtain. This issue can be avoided by reviewing interest groups’
history of political giving and public statements in support and opposition of other ballot
measures in order to gauge whether or not their input is coming from a place of good faith. It is
vital to avoid giving bad faith actors undue influence over a potential ballot initiative, as doing so
can weaken a ballot policy proposal to the point where it is no longer politically viable.

Challenging information environment / misinformation: With the current state of flux in local
news outlets and the rise of social media, it is often very difficult for community members to find
reliable information about current events and public affairs – especially at the local level. This
problem has been exacerbated by the growing prominence of political misinformation and the
increasingly “pay to play” nature of the social media networks that serve as news sources for an
ever-growing percentage of the population. This issue can be mitigated by ensuring that any
potential ballot initiatives use ballot language that is as clear and concise as possible, as ballot
language cuts through the noise and is one of the single most influential factors in determining
the fate of a given ballot initiative. It is also vital to develop comprehensive strategic
communications plans that lay a strong public education groundwork for the community
regarding the County’s financial situation and potential solutions, and engage in thorough
community outreach and coalition building efforts to ensure that any potential measure enjoys
strong community support – a powerful source of information at the local level.

31
G - References
The following references can speak to the quality of our work on the projects outlined in section
B (“Similar Project History”):

Yes on Proposition FF
Reference name: Ashley Wheeland, Campaign lead and Policy Director
Reference phone number: (720) 258-5115
Contract term: May 1, 2022 to November 11, 2022
Services Provided: Campaign General Consultants

Yes on Proposition 118

Reference name: Joe Kabourek, Campaign Manager
Reference phone number: (321) 439-6846
Contract term: May 1, 2020 to November 3, 2020
Services Provided: Campaign Political Director

Yes on Ballot Issue 6C

Reference name: Doug Hamilton, Campaign Co-Chair
Reference phone number: (720) 550-3572
Contract term: April 1, 2021 to November 8, 2022
Services Provided: Campaign Digital & Outreach Lead

DPA Ballot Initiative Viability Assessment

Reference name: Lindsay LaSalle, Managing Director of Policy
Reference phone number: (510) 847-8064
Contract term: October 4, 2021 - December 31, 2021
Services Provided: General Consultants

32
H - Cost Proposal

Total Costs

Service Contractor or Potential Total Cost

Subcontractor

General Consultants The Bighorn Company $180,000

Public Opinion Research Global Strategies Group, FM3, or $110,000 (estimate)

(Qualitative and Quantitative) similarly qualified firm

Fiscal Policy Expert (if Jenise May (former budget analyst $20,000 (estimate)
needed) for Colorado House Democratic
Caucus), Colorado Fiscal Institute,
Bell Policy Center, Camille Driver
(Independent lobbyist), University of
Denver Scrivner Institute, or
similarly qualified subject matter
expert

Legal Policy Counsel (if Tierney Lawrence Stiles, Recht $30,000 (estimate)
needed) Kornfeld PC, or similarly qualified
firm

Cost Proposal Scenarios

Scenario # Description Total Cost Proposal

County provides both in-house fiscal policy expert and legal policy
1 $290,000
counsel

County provides in-house legal policy counsel and retains fiscal

2 $310,000
policy expert subcontractor

County provides in-house fiscal policy expert and retains legal

3 $320,000
policy counsel subcontractor

County retains both fiscal policy expert and legal policy counsel
4 $340,000
subcontractors

33
Bighorn Company Milestone Payment Schedule

SOW Item Milestones / Deliverables Invoice Date Consulting Retainer

#s

1(d), 2(a) (1) Comparable ballot policy review and December 1, 2023 $20,000
analysis complete

(2) Select fiscal policy expert and/or legal

policy counsel subcontractors with approval
from County leadership (if needed)

2(b) County financial outlook review and ballot January 1, 2024 $20,000
policy options analysis complete

1(d), 3(a), (1) Present draft community outreach plan to February 1, 2024 $20,000
3(b) County leadership for review and feedback

(2) Incorporate County leadership feedback

to finalize community outreach plan and
obtain approval from County leadership
before proceeding with execution of
community outreach plan

(3) Begin execution of community outreach

plan

(4) Select public opinion research

subcontractor with approval from County
leadership

3(b) Coalition building & stakeholder input on March 1, 2024 $20,000

potential ballot solutions community
outreach tasks complete

3(c) (1) Present draft qualitative public opinion April 1, 2024 $20,000
research instrument to County leadership for
review and feedback

(2) Incorporate County leadership feedback

to finalize qualitative public opinion research
instrument and obtain approval from County
leadership before fielding

(3) Field qualitative public opinion research

instrument to a representative sample of
County residents

(4) Compile qualitative public opinion

research instrument results and present
findings to County leadership

34
2(c), 3(c), (1) Present qualitative public opinion May 1, 2024 $20,000
4(a) research instrument results to community
partner steering committee

(2) Final shortlist of three (3) potential ballot

solutions complete

(3) Present draft quantitative public opinion

research instrument to County leadership for
review and feedback

(4) Incorporate County leadership feedback

to finalize quantitative public opinion
research instrument and obtain approval
from County leadership before fielding

3(d), 4(a), (1) Field quantitative public opinion research June 1, 2024 $20,000
5(b) instrument to a representative sample of
County residents

(2) Compile quantitative public opinion

research instrument results and present
findings to County leadership

(3) Present draft strategic communications

plan to County leadership for review and
feedback

(4) Incorporate County leadership feedback

to finalize strategic communications plan
and obtain approval from County leadership
before proceeding with execution of
strategic communications plan

(5) Present quantitative public opinion

research instrument results to community
partner steering committee to gauge
potential coalition support and enthusiasm
for top-polling potential ballot solutions

6(a) Present final recommendations report and July 1, 2024 $20,000

presentation to County leadership

6(b) Support County decision-makers through July 23, 2024 OR $20,000

final decision August 1, 2024,
depending on
decision

Total consultant fees under this cost

proposal shall not exceed $180,000

35
Subcontractor Cost Estimates

Public Opinion Research Subcontractor Cost Estimate

SOW Item # Milestone / Deliverable Invoice Date Estimated Cost

3(c) Qualitative public opinion research to March 1, 2024 $45,000

Gauge community awareness of county
funding situation and potential ballot
solutions

4(a) Quantitative public opinion research to April 1, 2024 $65,000

gauge community opinion on final shortlist
of potential ballot solutions

Total estimated public opinion research

subcontractor costs: $110,000

Fiscal Policy Expert Subcontractor Cost Estimate (If Needed)

SOW Item # Milestone / Deliverable Invoice Date Estimated Cost

2(b) County financial outlook review and ballot January 1, 2024 $10,000
policy options analysis

2(c) Develop final shortlist of potential ballot May 1, 2024 $10,000

solutions

Total estimated fiscal policy expert

subcontractor costs: $20,000

Legal Policy Counsel Subcontractor Cost Estimate (If Needed)

SOW Item # Milestone / Deliverable Invoice Date Estimated Cost

2(b) County financial outlook review and ballot January 1, 2024 $15,000
policy options analysis

2(c) Develop final shortlist of potential ballot May 1, 2024 $15,000

solutions

Total estimated legal policy counsel

subcontractor costs: $30,000

36
Form
(Rev. October 2018)
W-9 Request for Taxpayer
Identification Number and Certification
Give Form to the
requester. Do not
Department of the Treasury send to the IRS.
Internal Revenue Service ▶ Go to www.irs.gov/FormW9 for instructions and the latest information.
1 Name (as shown on your income tax return). Name is required on this line; do not leave this line blank.
The Bighorn Company LLC
2 Business name/disregarded entity name, if different from above
See Specific Instructions on page 3.

3 Check appropriate box for federal tax classification of the person whose name is entered on line 1. Check only one of the 4 Exemptions (codes apply only to
following seven boxes. certain entities, not individuals; see
instructions on page 3):
Individual/sole proprietor or C Corporation S Corporation Partnership Trust/estate
single-member LLC Exempt payee code (if any)
Print or type.

✔ Limited liability company. Enter the tax classification (C=C corporation, S=S corporation, P=Partnership) ▶ P
Note: Check the appropriate box in the line above for the tax classification of the single-member owner. Do not check Exemption from FATCA reporting
LLC if the LLC is classified as a single-member LLC that is disregarded from the owner unless the owner of the LLC is
code (if any)
another LLC that is not disregarded from the owner for U.S. federal tax purposes. Otherwise, a single-member LLC that
is disregarded from the owner should check the appropriate box for the tax classification of its owner.
Other (see instructions) ▶ (Applies to accounts maintained outside the U.S.)

5 Address (number, street, and apt. or suite no.) See instructions. Requester’s name and address (optional)
7830 West Alameda Avenue 103-218
6 City, state, and ZIP code
Lakewood, Colorado 80226
7 List account number(s) here (optional)

Part I Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)

Enter your TIN in the appropriate box. The TIN provided must match the name given on line 1 to avoid Social security number
backup withholding. For individuals, this is generally your social security number (SSN). However, for a
resident alien, sole proprietor, or disregarded entity, see the instructions for Part I, later. For other – –
entities, it is your employer identification number (EIN). If you do not have a number, see How to get a
TIN, later. or
Note: If the account is in more than one name, see the instructions for line 1. Also see What Name and Employer identification number
Number To Give the Requester for guidelines on whose number to enter.
8 6 – 2 8 0 8 4 7 6
Part II Certification
Under penalties of perjury, I certify that:
1. The number shown on this form is my correct taxpayer identification number (or I am waiting for a number to be issued to me); and
2. I am not subject to backup withholding because: (a) I am exempt from backup withholding, or (b) I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue
Service (IRS) that I am subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or (c) the IRS has notified me that I am
no longer subject to backup withholding; and
3. I am a U.S. citizen or other U.S. person (defined below); and
4. The FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating that I am exempt from FATCA reporting is correct.
Certification instructions. You must cross out item 2 above if you have been notified by the IRS that you are currently subject to backup withholding because
you have failed to report all interest and dividends on your tax return. For real estate transactions, item 2 does not apply. For mortgage interest paid,
acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, contributions to an individual retirement arrangement (IRA), and generally, payments
other than interest and dividends, you are not required to sign the certification, but you must provide your correct TIN. See the instructions for Part II, later.

Sign Signature of
Here U.S. person ▶ Date ▶

General Instructions • Form 1099-DIV (dividends, including those from stocks or mutual
funds)
Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise • Form 1099-MISC (various types of income, prizes, awards, or gross
noted. proceeds)
Future developments. For the latest information about developments • Form 1099-B (stock or mutual fund sales and certain other
related to Form W-9 and its instructions, such as legislation enacted transactions by brokers)
after they were published, go to www.irs.gov/FormW9.
• Form 1099-S (proceeds from real estate transactions)
Purpose of Form • Form 1099-K (merchant card and third party network transactions)
An individual or entity (Form W-9 requester) who is required to file an • Form 1098 (home mortgage interest), 1098-E (student loan interest),
information return with the IRS must obtain your correct taxpayer 1098-T (tuition)
identification number (TIN) which may be your social security number • Form 1099-C (canceled debt)
(SSN), individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN), adoption
• Form 1099-A (acquisition or abandonment of secured property)
taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or employer identification number
(EIN), to report on an information return the amount paid to you, or other Use Form W-9 only if you are a U.S. person (including a resident
amount reportable on an information return. Examples of information alien), to provide your correct TIN.
returns include, but are not limited to, the following. If you do not return Form W-9 to the requester with a TIN, you might
• Form 1099-INT (interest earned or paid) be subject to backup withholding. See What is backup withholding,
later.

Cat. No. 10231X Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018)

Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018) Page 2

By signing the filled-out form, you: Example. Article 20 of the U.S.-China income tax treaty allows an
1. Certify that the TIN you are giving is correct (or you are waiting for a exemption from tax for scholarship income received by a Chinese
number to be issued), student temporarily present in the United States. Under U.S. law, this
student will become a resident alien for tax purposes if his or her stay in
2. Certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, or the United States exceeds 5 calendar years. However, paragraph 2 of
3. Claim exemption from backup withholding if you are a U.S. exempt the first Protocol to the U.S.-China treaty (dated April 30, 1984) allows
payee. If applicable, you are also certifying that as a U.S. person, your the provisions of Article 20 to continue to apply even after the Chinese
allocable share of any partnership income from a U.S. trade or business student becomes a resident alien of the United States. A Chinese
is not subject to the withholding tax on foreign partners' share of student who qualifies for this exception (under paragraph 2 of the first
effectively connected income, and protocol) and is relying on this exception to claim an exemption from tax
4. Certify that FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating on his or her scholarship or fellowship income would attach to Form
that you are exempt from the FATCA reporting, is correct. See What is W-9 a statement that includes the information described above to
FATCA reporting, later, for further information. support that exemption.
Note: If you are a U.S. person and a requester gives you a form other If you are a nonresident alien or a foreign entity, give the requester the
than Form W-9 to request your TIN, you must use the requester’s form if appropriate completed Form W-8 or Form 8233.
it is substantially similar to this Form W-9.
Backup Withholding
Definition of a U.S. person. For federal tax purposes, you are
considered a U.S. person if you are: What is backup withholding? Persons making certain payments to you
must under certain conditions withhold and pay to the IRS 24% of such
• An individual who is a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien; payments. This is called “backup withholding.” Payments that may be
• A partnership, corporation, company, or association created or subject to backup withholding include interest, tax-exempt interest,
organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States; dividends, broker and barter exchange transactions, rents, royalties,
• An estate (other than a foreign estate); or nonemployee pay, payments made in settlement of payment card and
third party network transactions, and certain payments from fishing boat
• A domestic trust (as defined in Regulations section 301.7701-7). operators. Real estate transactions are not subject to backup
Special rules for partnerships. Partnerships that conduct a trade or withholding.
business in the United States are generally required to pay a withholding You will not be subject to backup withholding on payments you
tax under section 1446 on any foreign partners’ share of effectively receive if you give the requester your correct TIN, make the proper
connected taxable income from such business. Further, in certain cases certifications, and report all your taxable interest and dividends on your
where a Form W-9 has not been received, the rules under section 1446 tax return.
require a partnership to presume that a partner is a foreign person, and
pay the section 1446 withholding tax. Therefore, if you are a U.S. person Payments you receive will be subject to backup withholding if:
that is a partner in a partnership conducting a trade or business in the 1. You do not furnish your TIN to the requester,
United States, provide Form W-9 to the partnership to establish your 2. You do not certify your TIN when required (see the instructions for
U.S. status and avoid section 1446 withholding on your share of Part II for details),
partnership income.
3. The IRS tells the requester that you furnished an incorrect TIN,
In the cases below, the following person must give Form W-9 to the
partnership for purposes of establishing its U.S. status and avoiding 4. The IRS tells you that you are subject to backup withholding
withholding on its allocable share of net income from the partnership because you did not report all your interest and dividends on your tax
conducting a trade or business in the United States. return (for reportable interest and dividends only), or
• In the case of a disregarded entity with a U.S. owner, the U.S. owner 5. You do not certify to the requester that you are not subject to
of the disregarded entity and not the entity; backup withholding under 4 above (for reportable interest and dividend
accounts opened after 1983 only).
• In the case of a grantor trust with a U.S. grantor or other U.S. owner,
generally, the U.S. grantor or other U.S. owner of the grantor trust and Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding.
not the trust; and See Exempt payee code, later, and the separate Instructions for the
Requester of Form W-9 for more information.
• In the case of a U.S. trust (other than a grantor trust), the U.S. trust
(other than a grantor trust) and not the beneficiaries of the trust. Also see Special rules for partnerships, earlier.
Foreign person. If you are a foreign person or the U.S. branch of a
foreign bank that has elected to be treated as a U.S. person, do not use
What is FATCA Reporting?
Form W-9. Instead, use the appropriate Form W-8 or Form 8233 (see The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) requires a
Pub. 515, Withholding of Tax on Nonresident Aliens and Foreign participating foreign financial institution to report all United States
Entities). account holders that are specified United States persons. Certain
payees are exempt from FATCA reporting. See Exemption from FATCA
Nonresident alien who becomes a resident alien. Generally, only a
reporting code, later, and the Instructions for the Requester of Form
nonresident alien individual may use the terms of a tax treaty to reduce
W-9 for more information.
or eliminate U.S. tax on certain types of income. However, most tax
treaties contain a provision known as a “saving clause.” Exceptions
specified in the saving clause may permit an exemption from tax to
Updating Your Information
continue for certain types of income even after the payee has otherwise You must provide updated information to any person to whom you
become a U.S. resident alien for tax purposes. claimed to be an exempt payee if you are no longer an exempt payee
If you are a U.S. resident alien who is relying on an exception and anticipate receiving reportable payments in the future from this
contained in the saving clause of a tax treaty to claim an exemption person. For example, you may need to provide updated information if
from U.S. tax on certain types of income, you must attach a statement you are a C corporation that elects to be an S corporation, or if you no
to Form W-9 that specifies the following five items. longer are tax exempt. In addition, you must furnish a new Form W-9 if
1. The treaty country. Generally, this must be the same treaty under the name or TIN changes for the account; for example, if the grantor of a
which you claimed exemption from tax as a nonresident alien. grantor trust dies.
2. The treaty article addressing the income.
3. The article number (or location) in the tax treaty that contains the
Penalties
saving clause and its exceptions. Failure to furnish TIN. If you fail to furnish your correct TIN to a
4. The type and amount of income that qualifies for the exemption requester, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure
from tax. unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.
5. Sufficient facts to justify the exemption from tax under the terms of Civil penalty for false information with respect to withholding. If you
the treaty article. make a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no
backup withholding, you are subject to a $500 penalty.
Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018) Page 3

Criminal penalty for falsifying information. Willfully falsifying IF the entity/person on line 1 is THEN check the box for . . .
certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties a(n) . . .
including fines and/or imprisonment.
Misuse of TINs. If the requester discloses or uses TINs in violation of • Corporation Corporation
federal law, the requester may be subject to civil and criminal penalties. • Individual Individual/sole proprietor or single-
• Sole proprietorship, or member LLC
Specific Instructions • Single-member limited liability
company (LLC) owned by an
Line 1 individual and disregarded for U.S.
You must enter one of the following on this line; do not leave this line federal tax purposes.
blank. The name should match the name on your tax return.
• LLC treated as a partnership for Limited liability company and enter
If this Form W-9 is for a joint account (other than an account U.S. federal tax purposes, the appropriate tax classification.
maintained by a foreign financial institution (FFI)), list first, and then • LLC that has filed Form 8832 or (P= Partnership; C= C corporation;
circle, the name of the person or entity whose number you entered in 2553 to be taxed as a corporation, or S= S corporation)
Part I of Form W-9. If you are providing Form W-9 to an FFI to document or
a joint account, each holder of the account that is a U.S. person must
provide a Form W-9. • LLC that is disregarded as an
entity separate from its owner but
a. Individual. Generally, enter the name shown on your tax return. If the owner is another LLC that is
you have changed your last name without informing the Social Security not disregarded for U.S. federal tax
Administration (SSA) of the name change, enter your first name, the last purposes.
name as shown on your social security card, and your new last name.
Note: ITIN applicant: Enter your individual name as it was entered on • Partnership Partnership
your Form W-7 application, line 1a. This should also be the same as the • Trust/estate Trust/estate
name you entered on the Form 1040/1040A/1040EZ you filed with your
application. Line 4, Exemptions
b. Sole proprietor or single-member LLC. Enter your individual If you are exempt from backup withholding and/or FATCA reporting,
name as shown on your 1040/1040A/1040EZ on line 1. You may enter enter in the appropriate space on line 4 any code(s) that may apply to
your business, trade, or “doing business as” (DBA) name on line 2. you.
c. Partnership, LLC that is not a single-member LLC, C Exempt payee code.
corporation, or S corporation. Enter the entity's name as shown on the • Generally, individuals (including sole proprietors) are not exempt from
entity's tax return on line 1 and any business, trade, or DBA name on backup withholding.
line 2. • Except as provided below, corporations are exempt from backup
d. Other entities. Enter your name as shown on required U.S. federal withholding for certain payments, including interest and dividends.
tax documents on line 1. This name should match the name shown on the • Corporations are not exempt from backup withholding for payments
charter or other legal document creating the entity. You may enter any made in settlement of payment card or third party network transactions.
business, trade, or DBA name on line 2.
• Corporations are not exempt from backup withholding with respect to
e. Disregarded entity. For U.S. federal tax purposes, an entity that is attorneys’ fees or gross proceeds paid to attorneys, and corporations
disregarded as an entity separate from its owner is treated as a that provide medical or health care services are not exempt with respect
“disregarded entity.” See Regulations section 301.7701-2(c)(2)(iii). Enter to payments reportable on Form 1099-MISC.
the owner's name on line 1. The name of the entity entered on line 1
should never be a disregarded entity. The name on line 1 should be the The following codes identify payees that are exempt from backup
name shown on the income tax return on which the income should be withholding. Enter the appropriate code in the space in line 4.
reported. For example, if a foreign LLC that is treated as a disregarded 1—An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), any IRA, or
entity for U.S. federal tax purposes has a single owner that is a U.S. a custodial account under section 403(b)(7) if the account satisfies the
person, the U.S. owner's name is required to be provided on line 1. If requirements of section 401(f)(2)
the direct owner of the entity is also a disregarded entity, enter the first 2—The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities
owner that is not disregarded for federal tax purposes. Enter the
disregarded entity's name on line 2, “Business name/disregarded entity 3—A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or
name.” If the owner of the disregarded entity is a foreign person, the possession, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities
owner must complete an appropriate Form W-8 instead of a Form W-9. 4—A foreign government or any of its political subdivisions, agencies,
This is the case even if the foreign person has a U.S. TIN. or instrumentalities
Line 2 5—A corporation
6—A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the
If you have a business name, trade name, DBA name, or disregarded
United States, the District of Columbia, or a U.S. commonwealth or
entity name, you may enter it on line 2.
possession
Line 3 7—A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity
Check the appropriate box on line 3 for the U.S. federal tax Futures Trading Commission
classification of the person whose name is entered on line 1. Check only 8—A real estate investment trust
one box on line 3. 9—An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the
Investment Company Act of 1940
10—A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a)
11—A financial institution
12—A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or
custodian
13—A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section
4947
Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018) Page 4

The following chart shows types of payments that may be exempt M—A tax exempt trust under a section 403(b) plan or section 457(g)
from backup withholding. The chart applies to the exempt payees listed plan
above, 1 through 13. Note: You may wish to consult with the financial institution requesting
IF the payment is for . . . THEN the payment is exempt this form to determine whether the FATCA code and/or exempt payee
for . . . code should be completed.

Interest and dividend payments All exempt payees except Line 5

for 7 Enter your address (number, street, and apartment or suite number).
Broker transactions Exempt payees 1 through 4 and 6 This is where the requester of this Form W-9 will mail your information
through 11 and all C corporations. returns. If this address differs from the one the requester already has on
S corporations must not enter an file, write NEW at the top. If a new address is provided, there is still a
exempt payee code because they chance the old address will be used until the payor changes your
are exempt only for sales of address in their records.
noncovered securities acquired
prior to 2012.
Line 6
Enter your city, state, and ZIP code.
Barter exchange transactions and Exempt payees 1 through 4
patronage dividends Part I. Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)
Payments over $600 required to be Generally, exempt payees Enter your TIN in the appropriate box. If you are a resident alien and
reported and direct sales over 1 through 52 you do not have and are not eligible to get an SSN, your TIN is your IRS
$5,0001 individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN). Enter it in the social
security number box. If you do not have an ITIN, see How to get a TIN
Payments made in settlement of Exempt payees 1 through 4 below.
payment card or third party network
If you are a sole proprietor and you have an EIN, you may enter either
transactions
your SSN or EIN.
1 If you are a single-member LLC that is disregarded as an entity
See Form 1099-MISC, Miscellaneous Income, and its instructions.
2
separate from its owner, enter the owner’s SSN (or EIN, if the owner has
However, the following payments made to a corporation and one). Do not enter the disregarded entity’s EIN. If the LLC is classified as
reportable on Form 1099-MISC are not exempt from backup a corporation or partnership, enter the entity’s EIN.
withholding: medical and health care payments, attorneys’ fees, gross
proceeds paid to an attorney reportable under section 6045(f), and Note: See What Name and Number To Give the Requester, later, for
payments for services paid by a federal executive agency. further clarification of name and TIN combinations.
Exemption from FATCA reporting code. The following codes identify How to get a TIN. If you do not have a TIN, apply for one immediately.
payees that are exempt from reporting under FATCA. These codes To apply for an SSN, get Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security
apply to persons submitting this form for accounts maintained outside Card, from your local SSA office or get this form online at
of the United States by certain foreign financial institutions. Therefore, if www.SSA.gov. You may also get this form by calling 1-800-772-1213.
you are only submitting this form for an account you hold in the United Use Form W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification
States, you may leave this field blank. Consult with the person Number, to apply for an ITIN, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer
requesting this form if you are uncertain if the financial institution is Identification Number, to apply for an EIN. You can apply for an EIN
subject to these requirements. A requester may indicate that a code is online by accessing the IRS website at www.irs.gov/Businesses and
not required by providing you with a Form W-9 with “Not Applicable” (or clicking on Employer Identification Number (EIN) under Starting a
any similar indication) written or printed on the line for a FATCA Business. Go to www.irs.gov/Forms to view, download, or print Form
exemption code. W-7 and/or Form SS-4. Or, you can go to www.irs.gov/OrderForms to
place an order and have Form W-7 and/or SS-4 mailed to you within 10
A—An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a) or any business days.
individual retirement plan as defined in section 7701(a)(37)
If you are asked to complete Form W-9 but do not have a TIN, apply
B—The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities for a TIN and write “Applied For” in the space for the TIN, sign and date
C—A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or the form, and give it to the requester. For interest and dividend
possession, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities payments, and certain payments made with respect to readily tradable
D—A corporation the stock of which is regularly traded on one or instruments, generally you will have 60 days to get a TIN and give it to
more established securities markets, as described in Regulations the requester before you are subject to backup withholding on
section 1.1472-1(c)(1)(i) payments. The 60-day rule does not apply to other types of payments.
You will be subject to backup withholding on all such payments until
E—A corporation that is a member of the same expanded affiliated you provide your TIN to the requester.
group as a corporation described in Regulations section 1.1472-1(c)(1)(i)
Note: Entering “Applied For” means that you have already applied for a
F—A dealer in securities, commodities, or derivative financial TIN or that you intend to apply for one soon.
instruments (including notional principal contracts, futures, forwards,
and options) that is registered as such under the laws of the United Caution: A disregarded U.S. entity that has a foreign owner must use
States or any state the appropriate Form W-8.
G—A real estate investment trust Part II. Certification
H—A regulated investment company as defined in section 851 or an To establish to the withholding agent that you are a U.S. person, or
entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment resident alien, sign Form W-9. You may be requested to sign by the
Company Act of 1940 withholding agent even if item 1, 4, or 5 below indicates otherwise.
I—A common trust fund as defined in section 584(a) For a joint account, only the person whose TIN is shown in Part I
J—A bank as defined in section 581 should sign (when required). In the case of a disregarded entity, the
K—A broker person identified on line 1 must sign. Exempt payees, see Exempt payee
code, earlier.
L—A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section
4947(a)(1) Signature requirements. Complete the certification as indicated in
items 1 through 5 below.
Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018) Page 5

1. Interest, dividend, and barter exchange accounts opened For this type of account: Give name and EIN of:
before 1984 and broker accounts considered active during 1983.
14. Account with the Department of The public entity
You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the
Agriculture in the name of a public
certification.
entity (such as a state or local
2. Interest, dividend, broker, and barter exchange accounts government, school district, or
opened after 1983 and broker accounts considered inactive during prison) that receives agricultural
1983. You must sign the certification or backup withholding will apply. If program payments
you are subject to backup withholding and you are merely providing
your correct TIN to the requester, you must cross out item 2 in the 15. Grantor trust filing under the Form The trust
certification before signing the form. 1041 Filing Method or the Optional
Form 1099 Filing Method 2 (see
3. Real estate transactions. You must sign the certification. You may
Regulations section 1.671-4(b)(2)(i)(B))
cross out item 2 of the certification.
4. Other payments. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not 1
List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
have to sign the certification unless you have been notified that you If only one person on a joint account has an SSN, that person’s number
have previously given an incorrect TIN. “Other payments” include must be furnished.
payments made in the course of the requester’s trade or business for 2
Circle the minor’s name and furnish the minor’s SSN.
rents, royalties, goods (other than bills for merchandise), medical and
3
health care services (including payments to corporations), payments to You must show your individual name and you may also enter your
a nonemployee for services, payments made in settlement of payment business or DBA name on the “Business name/disregarded entity”
card and third party network transactions, payments to certain fishing name line. You may use either your SSN or EIN (if you have one), but the
boat crew members and fishermen, and gross proceeds paid to IRS encourages you to use your SSN.
attorneys (including payments to corporations). 4
List first and circle the name of the trust, estate, or pension trust. (Do
5. Mortgage interest paid by you, acquisition or abandonment of not furnish the TIN of the personal representative or trustee unless the
secured property, cancellation of debt, qualified tuition program legal entity itself is not designated in the account title.) Also see Special
payments (under section 529), ABLE accounts (under section 529A), rules for partnerships, earlier.
IRA, Coverdell ESA, Archer MSA or HSA contributions or *Note: The grantor also must provide a Form W-9 to trustee of trust.
distributions, and pension distributions. You must give your correct
Note: If no name is circled when more than one name is listed, the
TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification.
number will be considered to be that of the first name listed.
What Name and Number To Give the Requester Secure Your Tax Records From Identity Theft
For this type of account: Give name and SSN of:
Identity theft occurs when someone uses your personal information
1. Individual The individual such as your name, SSN, or other identifying information, without your
2. Two or more individuals (joint The actual owner of the account or, if permission, to commit fraud or other crimes. An identity thief may use
account) other than an account combined funds, the first individual on your SSN to get a job or may file a tax return using your SSN to receive
maintained by an FFI the account
1 a refund.
3. Two or more U.S. persons Each holder of the account To reduce your risk:
(joint account maintained by an FFI) • Protect your SSN,
4. Custodial account of a minor The minor
2
• Ensure your employer is protecting your SSN, and
(Uniform Gift to Minors Act) • Be careful when choosing a tax preparer.
1
5. a. The usual revocable savings trust The grantor-trustee If your tax records are affected by identity theft and you receive a
(grantor is also trustee)
1 notice from the IRS, respond right away to the name and phone number
b. So-called trust account that is not The actual owner printed on the IRS notice or letter.
a legal or valid trust under state law
If your tax records are not currently affected by identity theft but you
6. Sole proprietorship or disregarded 3
The owner think you are at risk due to a lost or stolen purse or wallet, questionable
entity owned by an individual credit card activity or credit report, contact the IRS Identity Theft Hotline
7. Grantor trust filing under Optional The grantor* at 1-800-908-4490 or submit Form 14039.
Form 1099 Filing Method 1 (see For more information, see Pub. 5027, Identity Theft Information for
Regulations section 1.671-4(b)(2)(i) Taxpayers.
(A)) Victims of identity theft who are experiencing economic harm or a
For this type of account: Give name and EIN of: systemic problem, or are seeking help in resolving tax problems that
8. Disregarded entity not owned by an The owner have not been resolved through normal channels, may be eligible for
individual Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) assistance. You can reach TAS by
9. A valid trust, estate, or pension trust Legal entity
4 calling the TAS toll-free case intake line at 1-877-777-4778 or TTY/TDD
1-800-829-4059.
10. Corporation or LLC electing The corporation Protect yourself from suspicious emails or phishing schemes.
corporate status on Form 8832 or Phishing is the creation and use of email and websites designed to
Form 2553 mimic legitimate business emails and websites. The most common act
11. Association, club, religious, The organization is sending an email to a user falsely claiming to be an established
charitable, educational, or other tax- legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering
exempt organization private information that will be used for identity theft.

12. Partnership or multi-member LLC The partnership

13. A broker or registered nominee The broker or nominee
Form W-9 (Rev. 10-2018) Page 6

The IRS does not initiate contacts with taxpayers via emails. Also, the Privacy Act Notice
IRS does not request personal detailed information through email or ask
taxpayers for the PIN numbers, passwords, or similar secret access Section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code requires you to provide your
information for their credit card, bank, or other financial accounts. correct TIN to persons (including federal agencies) who are required to
file information returns with the IRS to report interest, dividends, or
If you receive an unsolicited email claiming to be from the IRS, certain other income paid to you; mortgage interest you paid; the
forward this message to [email protected]. You may also report misuse acquisition or abandonment of secured property; the cancellation of
of the IRS name, logo, or other IRS property to the Treasury Inspector debt; or contributions you made to an IRA, Archer MSA, or HSA. The
General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) at 1-800-366-4484. You can person collecting this form uses the information on the form to file
forward suspicious emails to the Federal Trade Commission at information returns with the IRS, reporting the above information.
[email protected] or report them at www.ftc.gov/complaint. You can Routine uses of this information include giving it to the Department of
contact the FTC at www.ftc.gov/idtheft or 877-IDTHEFT (877-438-4338). Justice for civil and criminal litigation and to cities, states, the District of
If you have been the victim of identity theft, see www.IdentityTheft.gov Columbia, and U.S. commonwealths and possessions for use in
and Pub. 5027. administering their laws. The information also may be disclosed to other
Visit www.irs.gov/IdentityTheft to learn more about identity theft and countries under a treaty, to federal and state agencies to enforce civil
how to reduce your risk. and criminal laws, or to federal law enforcement and intelligence
agencies to combat terrorism. You must provide your TIN whether or
not you are required to file a tax return. Under section 3406, payers
must generally withhold a percentage of taxable interest, dividend, and
certain other payments to a payee who does not give a TIN to the payer.
Certain penalties may also apply for providing false or fraudulent
information.