Unit-1

Introduction to Web

Web Page
A web page is a hypertext document on the World Wide Web. Web pages are delivered
by a web server to the user and displayed in a web browser. A website consists of many
web pages linked together under a common domain name. The name "web page" is a
metaphor of paper pages bound together into a book.

Website
A Web site is a related collection of World Wide Web (WWW) files that includes a
beginning file called a home page. A company or an individual tells you how to get to
their Web site by giving you the address of their home page. From the home page, you
can get to all the other pages on their site.

Web Browser
Web Browser is a common term which is frequently used by people while discussing the
Internet. However, the exact definition of a web browser is known by few only.

A software application used to access information on the World Wide Web is called a
Web Browser. When a user requests some information, the web browser fetches the
data from a web server and then displays the webpage on the user’s screen.

A web browser is a software program that allows a user to locate, access, and display
web pages. In common usage, a web browser is usually shortened to "browser."
Web browsers are used primarily for displaying and accessing websites on the internet,
as well as other content created using languages such as Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML) and Extensible Markup Language (XML).

Browsers translate web pages and websites delivered using Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) into human-readable content. They also have the ability to display
other protocols and prefixes, such as secure HTTP (HTTPS), File Transfer Protocol
(FTP), email handling (mailto:), and files (file:).

URL
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique identifier used to locate a resource on
the Internet. It is also referred to as a web address. URLs consist of multiple parts --
including a protocol and domain name -- that tell a web browser how and where to
retrieve a resource.

End users use URLs by typing them directly into the address bar of a browser or by
clicking a hyperlink found on a webpage, bookmark list, in an email or from another
application.

How is a URL structured?

The URL contains the name of the protocol needed to access a resource, as well as a
resource name. The first part of a URL identifies what protocol to use as the primary
access medium. The second part identifies the IP address or domain name -- and
possibly sub domain -- where the resource is located.

URL protocols include HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (HTTP Secure)
for web resources, mail to for email addresses, FTP for files on a File Transfer Protocol
(FTP) server, and telnet for a session to access remote computers. Most URL protocols
are followed by a colon and two forward slashes; "mail to" is followed only by a colon.
 https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/URL

Client/server communication
Clients and servers communicate by exchanging individual messages. The messages
sent by the client, usually a Web browser, are called requests and the messages sent
by the server as an answer are called responses.

Web Server
A web server is a computer that runs websites. It's a computer program that distributes
web pages as they are requisitioned. The basic objective of the web server is to store,
process and deliver web pages to the users. This intercommunication is done using
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

A web server is software and hardware that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
and other protocols to respond to client requests made over the World Wide Web. The
main job of a web server is to display website content through storing, processing and
delivering WebPages to users.

TCP/IP protocol
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a suite of
communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP
is also used as a communications protocol in a private computer network.

The entire IP suite -- a set of rules and procedures -- is commonly referred to as

TCP/IP. TCP and IP are the two main protocols, though others are included in the suite.
TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged over the internet by providing end-to-end
communications that identify how it should be broken into packets, addressed,
transmitted, routed and received at the destination. TCP/IP requires little central
management and is designed to make networks reliable with the ability to recover
automatically from the failure of any device on the network.

Web hosting
Hosting (also known as Web site hosting, Web hosting, and Webhosting) is the
business of housing, serving, and maintaining files for one or more Web sites. More
important than the computer space that is provided for Web site files is the fast
connection to the Internet.

Web hosting is a service that makes your site or web application accessible on the
internet. It's also one of the most essential elements to consider when building a
website. Web hosting is typically provided by web hosts, which are businesses that
maintain, configure, and run physical servers that house websites

Hosting (also known as Web site hosting, Web hosting, and Webhosting) is the
business of housing, serving, and maintaining files for one or more Web site. More
important than the computer space that is provided for Web site files is the fast
connection to the Internet.

Website Structure
Site structure or website architecture refers to how your website is designed or how
various pages on your website are connected for excellent user experience. This is
important not just from the user’s perspective but also for search engine optimization.
 How to have a good website structure?
Hierarchical structures based on parent and child pages are generally considered a
good website structure. Some of its elements include:
 Homepage
The homepage of your website can be referred to as a central place from where the
whole website is navigated. It’s important for your homepage to include links to all
important pages of your website and guide the users to information that they need.
 Navigation
Navigation or the menu of your website helps visitors understand your website
structure. Therefore, categories all the pages systematically so that the users can easily
identify the information they are looking for. The best way to create good navigation is
by using short phrases and simple language for the content.
 Categories
Categories and subcategories play a crucial role in creating an adequate website
structure. Make sure to craft different categories for different types of content. Group
similar content together and create a category and further add a sub-category if
required. For instance, if you sell books, you can create categories for different genres
of books.
 Individual Pages
Individual pages and blogs must be organized properly on your website so that the
desired audience can effortlessly find the content they are searching for. The finest way
to structure information on individual pages is with the use of meta
tags, breadcrumb trails, and contextual links.
 Tags
Tags serve the purpose of grouping together similar content present on your website.
Tags are quite similar to the categories present on your website. The only difference
between categories and tags is that categories are further divisible into sub-categories.
However, tags cannot be subdivided and work only by grouping together similar
content.

HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol for transmitting
hypermedia documents, such as HTML. It was designed for communication between
web browsers and web servers, but it can also be used for other purposes.