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MATERIALS

Material science is the study of materials and creation of new materials. It involves understanding properties like crystallinity, crystal structure, bonding types including ionic, covalent, metallic, van der Waals and hydrogen bonding. Common materials include metals, ceramics, polymers, composites and semiconductors. Crystal structures can be simple cubic, body centered cubic or face centered cubic, determined by packing density and coordination number. Diffusion is the transport of material by atomic motion, occurring through mechanisms like interstitial, interdiffusion and vacancy diffusion.

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32 views2 pages

MATERIALS

Material science is the study of materials and creation of new materials. It involves understanding properties like crystallinity, crystal structure, bonding types including ionic, covalent, metallic, van der Waals and hydrogen bonding. Common materials include metals, ceramics, polymers, composites and semiconductors. Crystal structures can be simple cubic, body centered cubic or face centered cubic, determined by packing density and coordination number. Diffusion is the transport of material by atomic motion, occurring through mechanisms like interstitial, interdiffusion and vacancy diffusion.

Uploaded by

John Andrew Gonzales
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATERIALS – substance or mixture of substances that 4.

HYDROGEN BONDING – hydrogen atom in a


constitutes an object polar bond and an electronegative atom

MATERIAL SCIENCE – study of materials and create new CYRSTALLINITY – 3D pattern in which each atoms is
materials bonded to its nearest neighbors

MATERIAL ENGINEERING – use materials and create CRYSTAL STRUCTURE – manner in which atoms, ions, or
new process molecules are arranged

METALS – good conductors of electricity and heat AMORPHOUS – do not crystallize

- Not transparent to visible light LATTICE – 3D array of points coinciding with atom
- Forms cations and ionic bonds with non metals positions
- Have crystalline structure
- Periodic and systematic arrangement of atoms
CERAMICS – clay minerals, cement and glass
UNIT CELL – small repeating entity of atomic structure
- Insulative to the passage of electricity
PARALLELEPIPEDS – unit cells present for most crystal
- Hard but brittle
structures. Three sets of parallel forces
POLYMERS – large molecular structures
COORDINATION NUMBER – number of nearest neighbor
- Low densities and extremely flexible or touching atoms

COMPOSITES – engineered to consist more than one ATOMIC PACKING FACTOR – fraction of solid sphere
type of material volume in a unit cell

SEMICONDUCTORS - have electrical properties and SIMPLE CUBIC STRUCTURE – low packing density with
intermediate between conductors and insulators coordination number of 6 and APF of 0.52.

BIOMATERIALS – implanted into the human body for FACE CENTERED CUBIC – atoms are located at each
replacement of damaged parts corners and center of all faces with coordination
number of 12 and APF of 0.74
IONIC BONDING – atoms of different elements lose or
gain electrons BODY CENTERED CUBIC – atoms at all eight corners and
a single atom at the cube with CN of 8 and APF of 0.684
- Soluble in water and slightly soluble in organic
solvents THEORETICAL DENSITY

COVALENT BONDING – atoms of different non-metals nMW


p=
share one or more pair of electrons vc N A
METALLIC BONDING – found in metals and their alloys n = number of atoms in unit cell
MW = molecular weight
VAN DER WAALS BONDING:
Vc = volume of unit cell
1. DIPOLE-DIPOLE – attractive forces between Na = Avogadro’s number
positive end of one polar molecule and the
negative end of another polar molecule DIFFUSION – phenomenon of material transport by
2. POLAR MOLECULE – INDUCED DIPOLE – weak atomic motion
attraction that results when an ion induces in an
atom by disturbing the arrangement of - There must be empty adjacent site
electrons - Must have sufficient energy to break bonds
3. DIPOLE – INDUCED DIPOLE – polar molecule
BROWNIAN MOTION – random motion followed by
induces in an atom by disturbing the
gases and liquids
arrangement of electrons
INTERSTITIAL DIFFUSION – followed by solids
INTERDIFFUSION – atoms of one metal diffuse into
another

SELF-DIFFUSION – migration of atoms randomly

VACANCY DIFFUSION – interchange of atom from a


normal lattice position

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