Clinical Chemistry Ue Final Draft

FACULTY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY FIRST SITTING AND SUPPLIMENTARY EXAM
DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
DATE: 16 /10/2023 TIME: 3 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS
A. Read this paper carefully.

B. This paper consists of 6 printed pages
C. This paper contains five (5) sections. Section A, B, C, D and E
D. Cellular Phone and any paper work outside the exams room is prohibited.
E. Total Marks is 100
F. Use provided booklets for answering the questions.
G. Follow all the given instructions on each section.
 Section A: Multiple choice questions (MCQ)……(20 marks)
 Section B: Multiple TRUE/FALSE questions……(5 marks)
 Section C: Matching items questions……………..(5 marks)
 Section D: Short answer questions…………….....(10 marks)
 Section E: Long answer questions………………..(60 marks)
H. Answer all Questions.
Page 1 of 6
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. (20
MARKS)
1. ‘Good cholesterol’ is also referred as_______________

A. HDL
B. LDL
C. Lipoprotein
D. Triglycerides
2. _______________it is broken down to fatty acid
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Protein
D. Fats
3. All are metabolic defects on amino acid metabolism except_______________
A. Albinism
B. Beriberi
C. PKU
D. MSUD
4. A major protein component of the most extra vascular body fluids is_______________
A. Globulin
B. Albumin
C. Antiglobin
D. Immunoglobulin
5. _______________The breakdown of glycogen to glucose
A. Glycolysis
B. Glycogenesis
C. Glycogenolysis
D. Gluconeogenesis
6. _______________ is stored as glycogen
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Protein
D. Fats
7. The following are the electrolytes of clinical importance, except
A. Na
B. Cl
C. K
D. Fe
8. Concentration of dissolved solids in body fluids measured in milliosmoles/Kg is
_______________
A. Molarity
B. Osmolarity
C. Molar mass
Page 2 of 6
D. Concentration
9. A major nitrogen-containing metabolic product of protein catabolism in
humans_______________
A. Amino acids
B. Urea
C. Uric acids
D. Creatinine
10. The principle nitrogenous component of excrement of reptiles and birds is
A. Amino acids
B. Urea
C. Uric acids
D. Creatinine
11. _______________are simplest carbohydrates, cannot be broken down to smaller carbohydrates
A. Monosaccharides
B. Disaccharides
C. Polysaccharides
D. Oligosaccharides
12. Glucose test conducted after meal is termed as
A. Fasting blood sugar
B. Random blood sugar
C. Glucose tolerance test
D. 24 hours glycosuria test
13. The synthesis of Glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors e.g., amino acids,
is_______________
A. Glycolysis
B. Glycogenesis
C. Glycogenolysis
D. Gluconeogenesis
14. The serum is described as
A. Clear yellow supernatant obtained after centrifuging blood sample that has been treated with
an anticoagulant
B. Red sample due to presence of hemoglobin
C. Fluid part after the blood has clotted
D. Yellow sample due to increased bilirubin
15. The ability of a body to cope with the standard dose of glucose is called
A. Glycogenesis
B. Glycogenolysis
C. Gluconeogenesis
D. Glucose tolerance
16. Liver specific enzyme test includes one of the following
A. Bilirubin total and direct
B. Alanine aminotransferases
C. Urea
Page 3 of 6
D. Albumin
17. The complete enzyme-cofactor complex is called

A. Apoenzyme
B. Holoenzyme
C. Coenzyme
D. Cofactor
18. Concerning isomerase as an enzyme
A. Change shapes within single molecule
B. Join two molecules with covalent bond
C. Catalyzes hydrolysis of various bonds
D. Breakdown two molecules
19. An Inhibitor that occupies the active site and prevent a substrate molecule from binding to the
enzyme as they 'compete' with the substrate for the active site is called _______________
A. Competitive inhibitor
B. Non-competitive inhibitor
C. Allosteric factor
D. Enzyme
20. _______________is a cofactor that is so tightly bound to the enzyme that is considered to be part
of the enzyme structure
A. Holoenzyme
B. Apoenzyme
C. Cofactor
D. Prosthetic group
SECTION B: TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS. (5

MARKS)
Write the word TRUE for the correct statement and FALSE for the wrong statement
1. the following tests are used to assess renal functioning

A. _______________serum creatinine
B. _______________serum albumin
C. _______________serum total protein
D. _______________blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
E. _______________Creatinine clearance
2. Regarding LDL
A. _______________contains less protein
B. _______________has largest amounts of cholesterol and cholesterol ester
C. _______________has small amounts of cholesterol ester
D. _______________contains a large amount of protein (apolipoprotein AI and AII),
E. _______________when excess, increase risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease
Page 4 of 6
SECTION C: MATCHING ITEMS (5 MARKS)
Match the items of column A and column B and write the letter of true answer from Column B on
your booklet provided
SECTION A SECTION B
1. Electrolyte panel A. T3 and T4

2. Sodium reference range B. Dye BCG binding method
3. Blood gases C. Protein estimation
4. Total calcium in adult D. Adult 8.2 – 10.5 mg/dl (2.05 – 2.54mmol/l)
5. Biuret test E. Phosphoenol Pyruvate to Pyruvate
6. Thyroid function test F. Na, K and Cl
7. BUN G. 11.2g/dl
8. Albumin test H. Liver function test
9. Beer lambert law I. 134 up to 145 mmol/l
10. ALT J. α-Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-CoA
K. Renal function test
L. Oxygen and carbondioxide
M. spectrophotometry
N. 2-Phosphoglycerate to Phosphoenolpyruvate
O. 120 g/dl
SECTION D: SHORT ANSWERS QUESTION. (10

MARKS)
1. Mention five biochemical analytes tested by urine strips. (2.5 MARKS)
2. Mention 5 functions of calcium on the body. (5 MARKS)
3. What are the fates of pyruvate produced in the glycolysis? (2.5 MARKS)
Page 5 of 6
SECTION E: ESSAY QUESTIONS. (60
MARKS)
Answer all questions
1. a) enzymes are generally classified into six main family classes, explain five of them
with the example on each. ( 10

MARKS)
b) Explain the differences between enzymes and hormones. (5 MARKS)
c) Mention five types of hormones with their functions on human body. (5 MARKS)
2. a) Explain the types of lipoproteins. (10

MARKS)
b) Explain types of diabetes mellitus. (5 MARKS)
c) What are the causes for uraemia? (5 MARKS)
3. a) explain types of protein. (5

MARKS)
b) List methods of assay of protein profile. (5 MARKS)
c) With examples explain functions of protein. (10 MARKS)
Page 6 of 6

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FACULTY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES

DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY FIRST SITTING AND SUPPLIMENTARY EXAM

DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

DATE: 16 /10/2023 TIME: 3 HOURS

A. Read this paper carefully.

1. ‘Good cholesterol’ is also referred as_______________

17. The complete enzyme-cofactor complex is called

SECTION B: TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS. (5

1. the following tests are used to assess renal functioning

1. Electrolyte panel A. T3 and T4

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWERS QUESTION. (10

1. Mention five biochemical analytes tested by urine strips. (2.5 MARKS)

2. Mention 5 functions of calcium on the body. (5 MARKS)

Answer all questions

with the example on each. ( 10

b) Explain the differences between enzymes and hormones. (5 MARKS)

2. a) Explain the types of lipoproteins. (10

b) Explain types of diabetes mellitus. (5 MARKS)

c) What are the causes for uraemia? (5 MARKS)

3. a) explain types of protein. (5

b) List methods of assay of protein profile. (5 MARKS)

c) With examples explain functions of protein. (10 MARKS)

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