ARBA MINCH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Structural Design
CLO3 – Develop Earthquake Load
Calculation on structure using EBCS-8

Solomon L.
MSc. In Structural Eng’g

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Outline
• Seismic Codes
- ES EN 1998:2015 / EC 8:2004
- EBCS 8:1995
• Terms common to all Ethiopian Building codes
• Earthquake Analysis Methods
• Earthquake Load Calculation
• Conclusions

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Ethiopian Building Code

❑ES EN 1998:2015 / EC 8:2004

❑EBCS 8:1995

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Scope of ES EN 1998:2015- section 1
The purpose is to ensure that, in an event of an
earthquake:
▪ human lives are protected,
▪ damage is limited, and
▪ structures important for civil protection
remain operational.
Note that the random nature of seismic events and the
limited resource available to counter their effects makes
the attainment of these goals partially possible and only
measurable in probabilistic terms.
Special structures, such as nuclear power plants,
offshore structures and large dams, are beyond the scope
of ES EN 1998
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Parts of ES EN 1998:2015
❖ ES EN 1998 - Design of structures for earthquake
resistance
▪ ES EN1998-1: General rules, seismic actions and
rules for buildings
▪ ES EN1998-2: Bridges
▪ ES EN1998-3: Assessment and retrofitting of
buildings
▪ ES EN1998-4: Silos, tanks and pipelines
▪ ES EN1998-5: Foundations, retaining structures
and geotechnical aspects
▪ ES EN1998-6: Towers, masts and chimneys

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Sections of ES EN 1998-1:2015
ES EN1998-1: General rules, seismic actions and rules
for buildings is subdivided in 10 following sections
1. General introduction
2. Performance requirements and compliance criteria
3. Ground conditions and seismic action, combinations
4. General design rules for buildings
5. Specific rules for Concrete buildings
6. Specific rules for Steel buildings
7. Specific rules for Composite Steel-Concrete buildings
8. Specific rules for Timber buildings
9. Specific rules for Masonry buildings
10. Base isolation

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Terms and definitions
Terms common to all Ethiopian Building codes
• Behaviour factor
• Behaviour factor
• Seismic design philosophy • Seismic design philosophy
• Limit state design philosophy • Limit state design philosophy
• Capacity design philosophy • Capacity design philosophy
• Performance based design • Performance based design philosophy
philosophy • Displacement based design philosophy
• Displacement based design • Dissipative structure
philosophy • Dissipative zones
• Dissipative structure • Dynamically independent unit
• Importance factor/class
• Dissipative zones
• Non-dissipative structure
• Dynamically independent unit • Non-structural element
• Importance factor/class • Primary seismic members
• Non-dissipative structure • Secondary seismic members
• Non-structural element • Ductility Classes
• Primary seismic members • …
• Secondary seismic members • …
• Ductility Classes 7
ES EN 1998-1:2015 – Section 2
Fundamental Requirements
Structures in seismic region shall be designed & constructed to
meet the following two requirements with adequate reliability:
1. No collapse requirement
▪ Design ground acceleration 475 years return period (10%
probability in 50 years)
- Withstand the design seismic action without local or global collapse
- Retain structural integrity and residual load bearing capacity after the
seismic event
2. Damage limitation requirement
▪ Design ground acceleration 95 years return period (10%
probability in 10 years)
-Withstand a more frequent seismic action without damage and
limitations of use.

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ES EN 1998-1:2015 Compliance Criteria
In order to satisfy the fundamental requirements
the following limit states shall be checked
Ultimate limit states (ULS)
- ULS are those associated with collapse or with other forms
of structural failure which might endanger the safety of
people.
Damage limitation states (DLS)
-DLS are those associated with damages beyond which
specified service requirements are no longer met.
Special measures
-In order to limit the uncertainties and promote good
behavior of structures for larger EQ, pertinent specific
measures shall be taken.
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ES EN 1998-1:2015 Compliance Criteria
Ultimate limit state
▪ Resistance and Energy dissipation capacity
verification of the structural system
▪ Appropriate Behavior factor values for the different
ductility classes
▪ Overturning and sliding stability check
▪ Resistance of foundation elements and foundation
soil without substantial permanent deformations
▪ Second order effects shall be taken in to account
▪ Non detrimental effect of non structural elements

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ES EN 1998-1:2015 Compliance Criteria

Damage limitation state

▪ Deformation limits (Maximum interstorey drift due
to the “frequent” earthquake):
-0.5 %for brittle non structural elements attached to the
structure
-0.75 %for ductile non structural elements attached to the
structure
-1.0 %for non structural elements not interfering with the
structure
▪ Sufficient stiffness of the structure for the
operationality of vital services and equipment
DLS may control the design in many cases
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ES EN 1998-1:2015 Compliance Criteria

Specific Measures
▪ Simple and regular forms (plan and elevation)
▪ Control the hierarchy of resistances and sequence of
failure modes(capacity design procedures)
▪ Avoid brittle failure modes
▪ Control the behavior of critical regions (detailing)
▪ Use adequate structural model (soil deformability and non
structural elements if appropriate)

In zones of high seismicity and structures of special

importance, formal quality system plans for Design,
Construction and Use is recommended.
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Safety Verifications

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Safety Verifications (contd.)

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Safety Verifications (contd.)

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Safety Verifications (contd.)

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Safety Verifications (contd.)

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Earthquake analysis
Develop Earthquake Load
Calculation on structure using
EBCS-8/ES EN 1998:2015 / EC 8:2004

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ES EN 1998-1:2015 – Section 3
Ground Conditions and Seismic Action
Ground Conditions
▪ Appropriate investigation shall be carried out to
identify the ground condition
▪ Depending on the importance class of the structure
and particular condition of the project, ground
investigation and/or geological studies to be
performed to determine the seismic action
▪ Ground types A, B, C, D and E given table 3.1 (next
slide) may be used to account for the influence of
local ground conditions on the seismic action.

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Subsoil classification EBCS 8: 1995

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ES EN 1998-1:2015 – Section 3
Ground Conditions and Seismic Action
Seismic Action
▪ National territories shall be subdivided into seismic
zones depending on the local hazard
▪ The hazard is described by the reference peak
ground acceleration (PGA) on type A ground, agr
▪ The seismic hazard map of the Ethiopia is shown in
the next slide

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Seismic Hazard Map of Ethiopia (2015)

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Seismic Hazard Zonation of select towns

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Seismic Hazard Map of Ethiopia (1995)

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ES EN 1998-1:2015 Representation of
Seismic Action

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Horizontal Elastic response spectrum
ES EN 1998-1:2015 (HERS)

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Horizontal Elastic response spectrum
ES EN 1998-1:2015 (HERS)

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Horizontal Elastic response spectrum
ES EN 1998-1:2015 (HERS)

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Horizontal Elastic response spectrum
ES EN 1998-1:2015 (HERS)

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Horizontal Elastic response spectrum
ES EN 1998-1:2015 (HERS)

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ES EN 1998-1:2015 (Vertical ERS)

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ES EN 1998-1:2015 (Vertical ERS)

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ES EN 1998-1:2015 (Design Spectrum)

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 ES EN 1998-1:2015 - Section 5
Specific rules for concrete buildings

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Ductility Classes

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Structural Types

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Behavior factors

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Importance classes and importance
factors

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 ES EN 1998-1:2015 - Section 4
Design of Buildings
• Basic principles of conceptual design

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CLO5 - Develop Design
of Bolted and Welded
connections.

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