THE NOTRE DAME OF LIBUNGAN INC.

LIBUNGAN, NORTH COTABATO

Learning Plan in: Science Grade Level: 10 Date:

Teacher: Johnie Rey P. Villaruz, LPT Quarter: 1st

Topic: Internal Structure of the Earth

Content Standard

The learners demonstrate an understanding of the relationship among the locations of

volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain ranges

Performance Standard

The learners shall be able to demonstrate ways to ensure disaster preparedness

during earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions
2. suggest ways by which he/she can contribute to government efforts in reducing damage
due to earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions

Learning Competencies

 describe the internal structure of the earth

Specific Objectives:
 describe the internal structure of the earth
 predict what are the materials that can be found inside and outside of the earth

I. INTRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARIES/EXPLORE (2 mins)

1. GREETINGS
2. SETTLING DOWN
3. PRAYER
4. ATTENDANCE
5. REVIEW

MOTIVATION: CHARADE GAMES

Direction: The teacher will facilitate the charade game for the class and orient the student
about the game. The following word will be acted out by the group.
1. Earth 3. Inner core 5. Outer core 7. Atmosphere 9. Element
2. Gold 4. Crust 6. Very Hot 8. Mantle 10. Volcanoes

Transition statement
Thank you so much student in participating the game. You are not just playing games but
you also improve your vocabulary about science and learn to think and communicate
creatively. Today we will going to discuss the internal structure of the earth.

Introduction
The earth is bulging in shape. It compose of mostly 75 percent of water and 25 percent
land. It is the planet that is suitable for all forms of life because of the presence of oxygen.
On Earth we have 5 concentric layer of the Earth.
1. Crust
2. Mantle – Upper and lower mantle
3. Outer Core
4. Inner core
5. Atmosphere

Inner Core
The inner core has 2, 600 kilometers in diameter and consists of iron and nickel alloy. The
inner core of our planet has an approximate temperature of 5, 000 degree Celsius, this 250
percent hotter than the next layer which is the outer core which has approximately 2, 000
degrees Celsius and has a thickness of 2, 250 kilometers. If we look into the approximate
temperatures of the innermost layers of our planet, which one is hotter? The outer core
with 2,000 degree Celsius or the inner core with 5, 000 degree Celsius. If you think the
inner core is hotter, you are right!. Both inner and outer core are composed of Iron and
Nickel Alloy. So if inner core is the hottest, Which of them has molten iron and nickel alloy?
The correct answer is the outer core, the inner core is made up of solid iron and nickel alloy
while the outer core is made up of molten iron and nickel alloy.Why? its because the
extreme temperature of the inner core could have molten the Iron and Nickel but it is
believed to be solidified as a result of extreme pressure scientifically known as pressure
freezing but, how did our scientists were able to say that the inner and outer core are made
up of iron and nickel alloy? How do you say so?

Here are the explanation of our scientists regarding this matter.

1. First, the earth has magnetic field because of the movement of molten iron and nickel
in the outer core. Iron and nickel are both dense and magnetic in nature
2. The over all density of the earth is way higher than the density of the rocks in the
crust. This suggests that the inside must be made up of something denser than
rocks.
3. Based on the analysis of experts on meteorites they found out that it contains
Chrondite. Chrondite is made of the elements like Iron, Silicon, Magnesium, Oxygen,
and some contains Nickel. The earth and meteorites has almost the same densities,
thus, the earth;s mantle rock and the meteorites minus its iron have the same
densities. Does it make sense?

The Mantle
The Mantle is the intermediate zone between the crust and the core and consists mostly of
solid rocks. The mantle makes up the 80 percent of Earth’s volume and 68 percent of the
Earth’s mass. It has an approximate thickness of 2, 900 kilometers with a temperature
ranging from 15,000 degree celsius to 30, 000 degree celcius. It is 150 to 300 times as hot
as boiling water. It is mainly made up of silicate rocks specifically the elements silicon,
iron, oxygen and magnesium. Contrary to common belief, the mantle is solid since both s
waves and p waves can pass trough it. It has 3 parts of region. The upper mantle, the
transition zone and the lower mantle. The upper mantle has a thickness of 670 kilometers
and the lower mantle has a thickness of 2230 kilometers. In the mantle, we can find the
layer called the Asthenosphere or the low-velocity zone- it is a soft, weak, top layer of the
upper mantle that is made up hot molten materials. It has a thickness of 180 kilometers
and has a temperature ranging from 300 degree celcius to 800 degree celsius. Since the
asthenosphere is molten and flowing underneath the crust it causes the movement of
lithospheric plates which is responsible to the movement of continents that is why we
have earthquakes.

The boundary between inner and outer core is called Lehmann Discontinuity. It is named
after Inge Lehmann who is a Danish Seismologist who discovered that the outer core is
molten and the inner core is solid.

The boundary between the outer core and lower mantle is called Gutenberg Discontinuity
named after Beno Gutenberg who is an American Seismologist. The boundary between
upper mantle and crust, which we will discuss next is called Mohorovicic Discontinuity
named after Andrija Mohorovicic who is a Croatian Meteorologist and Seismologist.
Crust – is the thinnest, outermost, rocky layer of the earth that is made up of two parts.
Oceanic Crust and Continental Crust
Continental Crust – it has a thickness of 35 to 40 kilometers and is mainly made up of the
elements sodium, oxygen, silicon, aluminum, potassium, and calcium. It is usually
found under land masses and is made up of less dense rocks such as granite. On the other
hand, the oceanic crust has a thickness of 7 to 10 kilometers. Oceanic crust is found
under ocean floors and is made up of dense rock such as basalt. The crust has two layers,
the upper layer which is composed of granite which is only found in the continental crust
and the next layer is made up of Basalt which is found in oceanic crust and continental
crust. If we are going to compare the mass of oceanic crust and continental crust, oceanic
crust is the heavier.

Table that shows the element composition of our crust.

ELEMENT PERCENTAGE
Oxygen 46.60
Silicon 27.72
Aluminum 8.13
Iron 5.00
Calcium 3.63
Sodium 2.83
Potassium 2.59
Magnesium 2.09
Titanium 0.40
Hydrogen 0.14

II. INTERACTION ( LESSON DEVELOPMENT/FIRM UP/DEEPEN (10 mins)

 The teacher will present additional enrichment information to the concepts and
topics
 The teacher let the student describe the internal parts of the earth and explain to
them that each parts has a certain composition and diameter
 Let the students make their own description based on their learning and
generalization
 After the Activity the students will answer the process questions and assessment to
follow up learning

III. INTEGRATION (BROADENING OF CONCEPTS/TRANSFER) (3 mins)

A. Core Values/School Formation Standards

The values of collaboration, excellence, faith, promptness is being integrated in these
week activities.
B. Learning Across Discipline
The students will learn the application learning of Internal Part of the earth to Araling
Panlipunan.

SUMMARY/CLOSURE
The teacher let the students summarize their understanding and learning through
speaking what they have learned and writing through their exit cards.

The earth has 5 concentric layer. The crust, mantle, inner core, outer core and the
atmosphere. Each layer has its composition and diameter that makes up the earth unique
inside and out. The earth has a magnetic field according to our scientist that controls the
movement of inner core and outer core.
EVALUATION
The teacher will administer a short quiz to check the student’s mastery of the lesson and
their skills.
Direction: Read and answer carefully the following items and select or encircle the letter of
the correct answer. (10 points)

1. What name is given to the red-hot layer below Earth’s outer crust?
a. Mantle b. Magma c. Crust d. Core
2. What to metals make up the earth’s core?
a. Iron and Silver b. Lead and Platinum c. Iron and Nickel d. Gold and Copper
3. What are the main gases in the atmosphere?
a. Oxygen and Nitrogen c. CO2 and Oxygen
b. Oxygen and Hydrogen d. Helium and Hydrogen
4. What word describe hot molten rock found inside the earth?
a. magma c. lava
b. plasma d. Migmatite
5. What is the outer layer of the earth called?
a. Crust b. Core c. Mantle d. Atmosphere
6. What name is given to lowest layer of the atmosphere?
a. Atmosphere b. troposphere c. mesosphere d. stratosphere
7. it has a thickness of 35 to 40 kilometers and is mainly made up of oxygen, silicon,
aluminum.
a. Continental crust b. Oceanic Crust c. Mantle d. Core
8. It is the intermediate zone between the crust and the core.
a. Mantle b. Outer Core c. Crust d. Inner Core
9. It has 2, 600 kilometers in diameter and consists of iron and nickel alloy.
a. Mantle b. Outer Core c. Crust d. Inner Core
10.It is the low-velocity zone- it is a soft, weak, top layer of the upper mantle that is
made up hot molten materials
a. Inner Core b. Asthenosphere c. Lithosphere d. Mantle

Assignment: (Activity Notebook 10 pts.)