06 DIY Placemaking

06
DIY Placemaking
Library of placemaking solutions
Resource Guide
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Prepared by: Knowledge partner:

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation (CCMC)
Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Centre for Heritage, Environment and Development (C-HED), Kochi
Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC)
Registered offices: Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA)
Bonn and Eschborn, Germany Bhubaneswar Urban Knowledge Centre (BUKC)
B-5/2, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110029
T: +91 11 49495353
F: +91 11 49495391
I: www.giz.de/india
Responsible: Acknowledgement
Georg Jahnsen The authors are grateful to officials of Coimbatore City Municipal
Project Manager Corporation, C-HED, Kochi, Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation and
Sustainable Urban Development - Smart Cities Bhubaneswar Urban Knowledge Centre for providing their valuable
(SUD-SC) time and information during the field survey and their support to
E: [email protected] the process. The authors extend their gratitude to all the survey
participants, masons, ULB officials for their time and invaluable
Authors: contributions.
GIZ
Aparna Das Publication design
Arpan Mazumder Kamran Naseem (IBI), Devshri Shah (IBI)
New Delhi, India
IBI Group India Private Limited (IBI)
Zohra Mutabanna GIZ is responsible for the content of this publication on behalf of
Sandeep V the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Devel-
Kamran Naseem opment (BMZ).
Devshri Shah
Vishal Jain
06
DIY PLACEMAKING
LIBRARY OF PLACEMAKING SOLUTIONS
This Knowledge Product is intended to be used as a DO IT YOURSELF resource guide which will assist
cities to carry out long term and short term placemaking interventions using tactical or creative tools.
It comprises of stakeholder engagement kits, quick impact solutions and library of tactical urbanism
solutions.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................7
2. ABOUT PLACEMAKING.....................................................................................................8
2.1. POSSIBLE PLACEMAKING INTERVENTIONS................................................................................................................ 9
3.INTENTION AND SCOPE OF THE GUIDE................................................................... 14

4.WHO WILL USE THE GUIDE........................................................................................... 15
5.PROCESS FOR DIY PLACEMAKING............................................................................ 16
IDENTIFY THE STAKEHOLDERS ...............................................................................................................................................17
ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY...........................................................................................................................................................18
DEFINE THE ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES........................................................................................................................22
DESIGN AND PLAN YOUR DIY CONCEPT..............................................................................................................................23
CHOOSE YOUR SOLUTIONS WISELY........................................................................................................................................24
FINANCE THE INTERVENTIONS SMARTLY...........................................................................................................................41
DOCUMENT AND MONITOR..........................................................................................................................................................42

08 DIY PLACEMAKING
6
EARMARKING PUBLIC SPACES
1. INTRODUCTION
Placemaking is all about turning ‘public’ spaces into ‘living’ places
that support the wellbeing of local communities and that can be
managed and maintained by that community. In the context of Indian
cities, placemaking is best realised as a DIY–Do It Yourself Urbanism
approach to the planning, design, and management of public spaces
to ensure they reflect a clear and broadly supported vision, organic
orders, and proper functions. It is argued that the informal mode of
space production (informality), not only reflects a widespread mode
of everyday life practises (DIY), but also could be considered a
mechanism to enhance ownership and sense of belonging.
Placemaking, as such aims at jump starting an engaged process to
protect the rights and responsibilities of citizens. Working closely
entails that participatory processes will be sustained, and citizens
will be encouraged to partake in the local development processes,
and the authorities will be more responsive to future needs and
aspirations of the citizens. This will result in improving the conditions
of the built environment, foster social cohesion, build resilience
and enable spatial development. This marks an amalgam between
statutory and non-statutory approaches. The library of solutions
provided in this tool will enable decision makers, private bodies and
residents to explore best practises as per the design process steps
and standards provided in #05 DEVELOPING PUBLIC SPACES.
TYPE OF PRODUCT:
Resources
INCLUDES:
Library of solutions comprising of both local and global
best practises on citizen engagement, DIY Placemaking and
creative urban solutions to everyday needs of the city.
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
2. ABOUT PLACEMAKING
Placemaking is a multi-faceted approach to the planning, design and management of public spaces. Placemaking
capitalises on a local community’s assets, inspiration, and potential, with the intention of creating public spaces that
promote people’s health, happiness, and well-being. It is political due to the nature of place identity. Placemaking is
both a process and a philosophy that makes use of urban design principles. It can be either official and government
led, or community driven grass roots tactical urbanism, such as extending sidewalks with chalk, paint, and planters,
or open streets events such as Bogotá, Colombia’s Ciclovía. Good placemaking makes use of underutilised space to
enhance the urban experience at the pedestrian scale to build habits of locals. The four types of placemaking outlined
below all focus on creating an authentic sense of place, but differ in how they achieve those results. Knowing the
different types of placemaking strategies will allow local leaders to choose the correct method for their communities.
Standard Placemaking
This is the most universal type of placemaking – and
encompasses the traditional understanding of what placemaking
is. Standard placemaking focuses on creating quality
places where people want to live, work, and play. Standard
placemaking initiatives include street facade improvements,
park improvements, and events in town squares. This type of
placemaking is broad and seeks to create incremental change
that will result in an increase in quality of life in the long-run.
Strategic Placemaking
This type of placemaking, coined by Land Policy Institute at MSU,
is goal-oriented and requires cross-sector coalitions. These
projects are often geared towards attracting high-talent workers
who are attracted to high-quality places.
Creative Placemaking
Broadly speaking, creative placemaking seeks to institutionalise
the art and culture of an area, which creates a lasting sense of
place for a neighbourhood or community. Types of projects include
public art installations, chalk art projects, and outdoor concerts.
Tactical Placemaking
The key of these types of projects are that they are low-risk,
low-cost, and short-term. Often not officially sanctioned projects,
these projects are commonly referred to as “guerrilla urbanism”,
“pop-up urbanism”, “city repair”, or “D.I.Y urbanism”.
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2.1. POSSIBLE PLACEMAKING INTERVENTIONS

• Permanent in nature • Needs to be implemented
2.1.1 STANDARD PLACEMAKING • High project cost by a government agency
Image 1: Rath Rd, Bhubaneswar Image 2: Bryant Park, New York
Source: BUKC, Bhubaneswar Source: “Bryant Park Spring” by john.gillespie is licensed with CC BY-SA 2.0.
STREET FACADE IMPROVEMENT PARK AND PLAYGROUND IMPROVEMENT

Things to consider: Things to consider:
• Appropriate permissions from the authority • Appropriate permissions from the authority
• Stakeholder consultation and approval • Stakeholder consultation and approval
• Aligning with the masterplan of the area (if • Aligning with the masterplan of the area (if
any) any)
• Retaining the character, colour palette and • Retaining the function of the park or the
architecture of the area playground
Best Practice: Ekamrakshetra’s Rath Road • Inclusive design
Placemaking, Bhubaneswar • Regular events and programming
Best Practice: Bryant Park, New York
Image 3: A sculptural identity gateway piece in Tustin Legacy, CA Image 4: Plazoletas Bogotá Inglés project, Bogota, Colombia.
Source: RSMDesign.com Source: Photos by Bogota District Mobility Office
GATEWAY IMPROVEMENT JUNCTION IMPROVEMENT

• Retaining the character, colour palette and • Aligning with the masterplan of the area and
architecture of the area street design guidelines(if any)
• Should be visible from a distance and should • Traffic Volume and Pedestrian footfall
incorporate the identity of the place.
Best Practice: Tustin Legacy, California Best Practice: Plazotes Bogota Ingles project, Colombia
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
2.1.2 STRATEGIC PLACEMAKING • Permanent in nature • Needs to be implemented

• High project cost by a government agency
Image 5: Pedestrian walkways along the Chandi Ghat of the Image 6: Times Square, New York
Patna Riverfront Development
Source: National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) Source: “Times Square” by snorpey licensed with CC BY 2.0.
WATERFRONTS CITY CENTRES, SQUARES AND PLAZAS

any) any)
• Appropriate lighting and safety measures • Retaining the identity of the area
• Nature friendly material palette • Advertising guidelines and rules
• Active and passive components • Multi-functionality of the space
• Multi-functionality of the space • Public art and Landscaping
Best Practice: Waterfront, Patna, India Best Practice: Times Square, New York
Image 7: Movable furniture and other facilities at the farmer’s Image 8: Model for Transit Placemaking in Maplewood
market in LA
Source: “LA Farmers Market” by Prayitno licensed with CC BY 2.0. Source: Photo by Lindsey on metrostlouis.org
OPEN MARKET PLACES TRANSIT STOPS

• Inclusive design • Inclusive design
• Social distancing design measures • More seating and activities
• Appropriate shading • Regular cleaning and maintenance
• Ease of movement • Design to make the user feel safe and
• Multi-functionality of the space comfortable
Best Practice: LA Farmer’s market, USA Best Practice: MetroBus Stop Improvement in
Maplewood
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2.1.3 CREATIVE PLACEMAKING • Temporary in nature • Easy to implement

• Low project cost within a short duration
of time by anyone
Image 9: A bold wall mural in Lodhi district Image 10: Yoga organised on Raahgiri Day in Gurgaon
Source: Quartz India, Qz.com Source: Photo by Manisha Balani, pps.org
PUBLIC ART OUTDOOR CITY EVENTS

• Retaining the character, colour palette and • Queue management
architecture of the area • Appropriate signage, lighting and safety
• Functional and interactive art can be a value measures
addition • Traffic management
• Addition • Parking management
Best Practice: Lodhi district, Delhi, India Best Practice: Raahgiri Day, Gurgaon
Image 11: Artist Graham Coreil-Allen reimagination of a crosswalk Image 12: Uniform store front signage in Rambagh, Amritsar
Source: mymodernmet.com Source: Hriday Amritsar
PEDESTRIAN STREETS AND CROSSINGS SIGNAGE PROJECT

• Usage of bright, weather proof colours • Aligning with the masterplan of the area and
• Night visibility of the crossings urban design guidelines(if any)
• Appropriate lighting and seating on pedestrian • Context appropriate
streets • Designing the signage according to the
• Local material character and architecture of the area could
add to the identity
Best Practice: Baltimore, USA
Best Practice: Hriday-Amritsar, India
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
• Temporary in nature • Easy to implement

2.1.4 TACTICAL PLACEMAKING • Low project cost within a short duration
of time by anyone
Image 13: The view of Chicago’s Lincoln/Wellington/Southport Image 14: Streets for people challenge: Kohima smart city
intersection as part of the “Lincoln Hub” traffic calming and
placemaking project
Source: Photo by John Greenfield; archpaper.com Source: EastMojo Image
TRAFFIC CALMING STRATEGIES POP UP STREET ACTIVITY

any) any)
• Appropriate lighting and safety measures • Retaining the identity of the area
• Nature friendly material palette • Advertising guidelines and rules
• Active and passive components • Multi-functionality of the space
• Multi-functionality of the space • Public art and Landscaping
Best Practice: Chicago, USA Best Practice: Kohima Streets 4 People, India
Image 16: Streets for people challenge: Kohima smart city Image 15: Streets for people challenge: Kohima smart city
Source: Photo by John Greenfield; archpaper.com Source: EastMojo Image
POP UP MARKETS TACTICAL PLAYGROUNDS

• Inclusive design • Inclusive design
• Social distancing design measures • More seating and activities
• Appropriate shading • Regular cleaning and maintenance
• Ease of movement • Design to make the user feel safe and
• Multi-functionality of the space comfortable
Best Practice: New York, USA Best Practice: Rewind Play, Bhubaneswar, India
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Image 17: Unique and entirely new concept of combined tree Image 18: Public spaces with recovered furniture
grid and seating elements
Source: Architronic Source: lastressillas.com
SEATING QUICK LANDSCAPING

any) any)
• Appropriate lighting and safety measures • Appropriate lighting and safety measures
• Nature friendly material palette • Nature friendly material palette
• Active and passive components • Active and passive components
• Multi-functionality of the space • Multi-functionality of the space
Image 19: Rajmahal Flyover, Bhubaneswar
While all types of placemaking interventions are

inclusive and need active community participation,
Intervention areas listed under standard and strategic
placemaking need more financial and technical support
and are implemented as more permanent interventions
by the authorities or private bodies. Creative and Tactical
placemaking interventions, on the other hand, can easily
Source: BUKC, Bhubaneswar be implemented by an individual, community, government
agency or a group of like minded people such as artists
NEGLECTED SPACE IMPROVEMENT etc. These type of interventions can also be used as
Things to consider: a communication tool by the residents of a city to
emphasise on a particular city issue which they face on
• Appropriate permissions from the authority
a daily basis. While they might be temporary in nature,
• Stakeholder consultation and approval it provides a wonderful opportunity for decision makers,
• Aligning with the masterplan of the area (if private bodies, designers, individuals etc.to test out a
any) design before making it permanent. This will allow the
• Appropriate lighting and safety measures stakeholders to save money and time.
• Nature friendly material palette The following process will allow any individual or group
• Active and passive components of people to design and implement their own placemaking
interventions (DIY Placemaking) in the city with
• Multi-functionality of the space
appropriate permissions and approvals.
Best Practice: Rajmahal flyover, Bhubaneswar,
India
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
3. INTENTION AND SCOPE OF THE GUIDE

The resource guide acts as a starting point for individuals, community groups, government agencies etc. to take up
independent public space interventions. It is intended to be used as a resource to initiate DIY placemaking projects.
As mentioned above, the strategic placemaking and standard placemaking requires larger funding, government hand
holding and permanent interventions while the creative and tactical placemaking can be taken up by anyone using this
guide.
From under-served public realm to parks, this guide provides a library of solutions for any person or agency to test
their tactical and creative urbanism while addressing community and city level issues. The advantage of this resource
guide is that it can be implemented for either an entire public space or improve a specific part of the space using
creative and innovative means.
STREETS PARKS PLAYGROUNDS HERITAGE

DISTRICTS
TOURIST SIDEWALKS AND UNDERFLYOVER NEGLECTED URBAN

DESTINATIONS CYCLE LANES SPACES SPACES
INFORMAL HOUSING SOCIETIES NEIGHBOURHOODS TRANSIT STOPS

SETTLEMENTS
MARKETS SCHOOLS AND VACANT SPACES

INSTITUTIONS
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There are many placemaking toolkits available globally which are wonderful resources to undertake tactical urbanism
interventions such as:
1. The POP-UP PLACEMAKING Toolkit by AARP (https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/livable-communities/livable-documents/documents-2019/
Pop-Up-Tool-Kit-112119-w-singles.pdf)
2. PLACEMAKING TOOLKIT : GUIDE TO A COMMUNITY-DRIVEN, LOW-COST PUBLIC SPACE TRANSFORMATION by the Public
Space Network
3. Placemaking Europe Toolbox (https://placemaking-europe.eu/placemaking-europe/)
4. A Tactical Urbanism Guidebook by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and GIZ (https://greenmobility-library.org/public/uploads/
resource_attachments/TrainingMaterial_A_Tactical_Urbanism_Guidebook.pdf)
While these resources are highly recommended toolkits, they comprise of global references which may or may not
be applicable in the context of Indian cities. The public space documentation carried out in the three pilot cities:
Bhubaneswar, Kochi and Coimbatore, brought to light the need for a placemaking toolkit specific to Indian cities. Thus
the toolkit comprises of templates, solutions and palettes curated as per Indian cities, its people, culture, weather,
topography, users and several other factors such as safety, comfort and recreational needs. It also elaborates on the
effective financing mechanisms which can be adapted by Indian cities as well as an elaborated material palette.
4. WHO WILL USE THE GUIDE
GOVERNMENT PRIVATE BODIES INDIVIDUALS OR

COMMUNITY GROUPS
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
5. PROCESS FOR DIY PLACEMAKING
IDENTIFY THE STAKEHOLDERS

A This step shall identify appropriate stakeholders living and working in/ for the area of the
intended intervention.
ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY

B The resource guide provides an array of methods and creative exercises to engage with the
community to understand the issues and opportunities
DEFINE THE ISSUE AND OPPORTUNITY

C Using the worksheet provided in this guide, list down the issues and opportunities identified
during the engagement activity.
DESIGN AND PLAN YOUR DIY CONCEPT
D Using the worksheet provided in this guide, sketch out the concept of the intervention and prepare
an action plan to implement the concept.
CHOOSE YOUR SOLUTIONS WISELY

E Using the library of solutions and materials provided in this guide, choose the component most
appropriate to the intervention and create a detailed list ready for procurement from vendors
FINANCE THE INTERVENTION SMARTLY

F The guide provides variety of innovative financing tools. Adapt the most suitable financing tool for
the intended intervention.
DOCUMENT AND MONITOR
G After implementing the intervention, documentation of work done and monitoring the site is
crucial to assess the performance of the space. This can be further used to make the design
permanent
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A IDENTIFY THE STAKEHOLDERS
While every intervention will require a curated list of stakeholders to be identified. The chart below shall aid in
identifying the key stakeholders for the project. The generic list comprises of government stakeholders, private
bodies, technical experts, residents etc.
Key Government Authorities/ Officials* Key Private Bodies*

• Development Authority • Industrialists / Big Businesses
• Municipal Corporation/Municipality • Non for Profits/ NGOs
• Ward Office • Schools
• Parks and Open Space cell (if any) • Universities
• Recreation Cell (if any) • Developers
• Land officer You may select one or more than one stakeholder
• Traffic Police for the process. In case of private bodies key
things to remember:
You may select one or more than one
stakeholder for the process. In case of » For funding challenges and flexibility,
government authority, key things to remember: one may contact the branding and
management team or HR of big
» For information and approvals
industries or businesses for CSR
related to land ownership, zoning and
projects.
permissible regulations one must seek
information from the development » For financial or other assistance in
authority or the ward office. exchange of appropriate branding,
one may collaborate with Developers,
» For management and programming
philanthropists etc.
concerns and permissions, one must
seek information from the Municipal » For volunteers and material donations,
Corporation. one may collaborate with schools,
universities, NGOs etc.
» For design or functional concerns and
permissions, one must seek information
from the above mentioned cells (if any)
or the development authority
» For events, parking management
and traffic calming one must seek Users
information or permission from the • Residents - youth, children, adults, senior
Traffic Police. citizen
• Students
• Street vendors
Key Experts* • Local shop owners
• Urban Planners • Small business owners
• Urban Designers » The users are the key stakeholders.
Selection of them shall be according
• Landscape designers
to the site context. For example, if the
• Placemakers intervention site is adjacent or within
• Architects a school, the students, teachers and
• Graphic designer caregivers become the key users.
• Video/photographer
* The above stakeholders are optional and
assistance should be taken incase of any
technical guidance.
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
B ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY

To begin any public space project, it is absolutely vital to understand the users, stakeholders, and unique
environment. What are the desires and needs? What is the current situation? Who is the place working for and who
is it not – and why or how?
The following section comprises of best practises and strategies which will allow the user to determine the best way
to get to know the residents and the people of the city. The section is a library of various strategies which can be
adapted for any Indian city. The strategies will enable the city to collect data at human scale and understand various
needs and demands of people. For all the activities mentioned below, the stakeholders identified above shall have to
be present.
B1. THE PLACE GAME

WHO?
Any individual, community group, Government agency,
private body
WHERE?
Any Public Space or place which has the potential to be
developed into a public space
WHAT?
The Place Game is a tool for evaluating any public
space—a park, a square, a market, a street, even a street
corner—and examining it through guided observation
strategies. It comprises of a set of questions based on Image 20: In order to really “see” a place—to look closely at each
of its components and the way a space makes you feel—Project for
the place diagram which allows the user of the tool to Public Spaces developed an activity called the “Place Game”. The
assess on the basis of access and linkage, uses and Place Game helps anybody to work with communities to identify
activities, sociability and comfort and image what is working in a public space, and those aspects that could
be improved upon, based on observations of how people are, or
are not, using the space.
HOW?
1. Travel to a local site(s) REFERENCES:
2. If you are a group, split into small groups of four or https://www.pps.org/article/place-game-community
five
3. Discuss questions and evaluations based on the ratings http://www.placemakingchicago.com/cmsfiles/place-
making_PlaceGame.pdf
provided in the place game worksheet. This will allow
the user to collect qualitative data of the public space.
4. Regroup and discuss the findings to understand
different perceptions and how the site is performing
5. If you are a private or a community body or an
PRE-REQUISITE
individual, you can further take these findings to • Print out of the questionnaire (1 print per person per
the decision maker or a government body for further site)
action. • Hard or soft copy of the place diagram (for
reference)
WHEN AND FOR WHAT? PLEASE NOTE:

Anytime of the day. Peak hours with high footfall and
activities are preferred for better data. ©2005 Project for Public Spaces, Inc. The 'Placegame'
cannot be used without formal, written permission
PUBLIC SPACE QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION from PPS. If permission is granted, full credit must be
given to PPS on all written materials and in any verbal
descriptions of the game.
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B2. POWER OF 10+

WHO?
private body
WHERE?
No particular location. It can be a closed room
discussion as well as a participatory workshop in a
public space
WHAT?
The Power of 10 is a concept PPS uses to start off a
Placemaking process. The idea is that it’s not enough to Image 21: Example of the use of the tool to determine the
have just one great place in a neighbourhood—you need a activities in Navy Pier in Chicago. The Power of 10 idea gets
local citizens motivated and energised to turn their places
number of them to create a truly lively city or town. around. It suggests that by starting efforts at the smallest
scale you can steadily accomplish big changes. It also
HOW? gives people something tangible to strive for and helps
them visualise what it takes to make their community
1. Instruct people to think about the special places in great.
their communities and 10+ reasons that makes it a
great place to be in.
2. Some of the questions that can be asked to the people
(stakeholders, users of the public space, residents,
peers etc.):
• How many quality places are located in the
community, and how connected are they?
• Are there places that should be more
meaningful but aren’t?
• What are the 10 best neighbourhoods in the
city? Image 22: A visualization of the Power of 10+ concept,
using the example of New York City and Bryant Park. The
• What are the 10 best places in each of those idea behind this concept is that places thrive when users
neighbourhoods? have a range of reasons (10+) to be there. These might
include a place to sit, playgrounds to enjoy, art to touch,
• Think about one of the best places in a music to hear, food to eat, history to experience, and people
neighbourhood and try to describe 10 things to meet. Ideally, some of these activities will be unique to
that you could do in that place, in that that particular place, reflecting the culture and history of
the surrounding community. Local residents who use this
neighbourhood. space most regularly will be the best source of ideas for
3. Keep a pen and paper or a map handy to write down which uses will work best.
the answers and start a process of design thinking.
4. This tool can also be used before starting a tactical
or permanent intervention in a public space. A
physical booth with an enlarged map of the site or
neighbourhood for the residents or visitors to give REFERENCES:
their inputs. This can also be recreated virtually using https://www.pps.org/article/the-power-of-10
online tools such as Miro etc.
http://www.placemakingchicago.com/about/power.asp
WHEN AND FOR WHAT?
Anytime of the day
PUBLIC SPACE QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION
NEIGHBOURHOOD OR CITY ASSESSMENT WITH RESPECT

TO ITS PUBLIC SPACES AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
B3. THE SUITCASE TOOL
WHO?
private body
WHERE?
Any Public Space or place which has the potential to be
developed into a public space
WHAT?
Behind the enigmatic term “the suitcase” lies a simple
DIY (Do It Yourself) concept : an easily transportable,
attractive and readable ensemble that enables the
visualisation of a project, evolves with it, and facilitates
the involvement of people (co-makers, stakeholders) in
the project’s development.
HOW?
1. You might need to build the suitcase yourself, or
commission it from someone with design skills.
Therefore it can be handy to think in advance a little
bit, in terms of the size of the area you want to map,
the information you want to put in, the way you want
to use it.
2. Depending on your project and approach, the suitcase
can be used as a support for lively and interactive
meetings (eg : using stickers or pins during interviews
to map locations or rituals mentioned by stakeholders),
or reflect participation by visualising the steps a
project is taking without a need to modify it directly
during the interviews or meetings.
Image 23: The suitcase, and especially the map it contains, can
act as a story enabler, a medium that will make the collection
WHEN AND FOR WHAT? of information easier, with any public. It can help to explore
and get to know places, and will help to open up new networks
by talking to people. Nevertheless, it is important to remember
Initial phase of the project and can change as the project that not everyone is comfortable at reading maps. Therefore,
advances. the more qualitative the map is, the more are the chances that
people will be able to talk about it.
PUBLIC SPACE QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION
PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN
STAKEHOLDER DISCUSSIONS AND CHARRETTE
REFERENCES:
PRE-REQUISITE https://placemaking-europe.eu/listing/the-suitcase/
• Prints and stationary relevant to your suitcase
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B4. PICTOGRAMMING
WHO?
private body
WHERE?
A specific venue or a public space with a proper setup to
accommodate physical activity mapping
WHAT?
The pictogramming method is a participatory method that
can reveal how communities can use a place to further
create dialogue on the behavioral patterns of the users.
HOW?
1. Community members map their own behaviour by
placing icons, representing different activities on a
Image 24: The placemaking tool “Pictogramming” was developed
map of the project area.
by Ingeborg Njøs Slinde in collaboration with Nabolagshager
2. The placements of the icons reveals where in the and Placemaking Europe . The above image is from a workshop
project area they conduct different activities, and organised in one of the schools in Oslo where the youth
mapped their own behaviour by placing icons, representing
whether there are activities that the area is not different activities on a map of their schoolyard, which led to a
adapted or suitable for. discussion about what they would like to change and what was
3. Using post-it notes to describe the thoughts behind important not to change in the schoolyard.
the placing, can make it easier to analyze the data
afterwards.
4. The participants are then asked to reflect on their
behaviour and compare with the other community
members at the workshop.
5. It is also possible to do the exercise at the project REFERENCES:
area, by printing a large map and having passersby https://nabolagshager.no/prosjekter/the-oslo-placemak-
place icons on that map. ing-toolbox/
https://placemaking-europe.eu/listing/pictogram-
ming-empowering-youth/
WHEN AND FOR WHAT?
Initial phase of the project.
PUBLIC SPACE ANALYSIS
PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN
ORGANISED WORKSHOPS
PRE-REQUISITE
• A map of the project area (one per participant)
• Icons that are tailored for the project area and the
participation group, preferably laminated. 2-3 of
each icon for every participant
• Post-its and pens for notes
• Blackboard and markers for comparing answers and
discussions
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
B5. DESIGN CHARRETTE
WHO? WHEN AND FOR WHAT?

Government Agency, Private Body or Community group Planning and design phase of the project
SWOT ANALYSIS
WHERE? PUBLIC SPACE QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION
A specific venue or office which can accommodate large PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN
number of people invited for the charrette
WHAT?
An intensely focused activity intended to build consensus
among participants, develop specific design goals and
solutions for a project, and motivate participants and
stakeholders to be committed to reaching those goals.
Participants represent all those who can influence the
project design decisions.
HOW?
PRE - PLANNING DAY OF THE CHARRETTE
1. The first step in planning and organising a 1. Verify Logistical Arrangements and ensure
charrette is to set up a steering committee to a registration desk to keep a track of the
guide the planning process and ensure support participants. The registration shall include
from key individuals and organizations. name, designation, place of residence and age.
2. Hold a kickoff meeting to assemble the 2. Present the purpose, agenda and details of the
steering committee and begin the planning project before breaking the larger group into
process. A kickoff meeting is important for smaller groups.
defining the roles of each steering committee 3. Create break out groups which best suit the
member and for focusing on the tasks that scale of the project and allow the facilitators
need to be accomplished. to take over the group discussions and design
3. Carefully identify the purpose of the event suggestions.
and the characteristics and expertise of 4. Ideally, the group discussions should not last
participants needed to achieve that goal. for more than an hour.
4. Determine whether to convene the event at 5. Once the group discussions are successfully
or near the project site. Hold the charrette conducted, regroup and discuss thoughts,
at a nearby location if there are no adequate ideas and conclude the session by providing
facilities at the project site or if travel to the feedback forms and relevant contact details
site is difficult. After selecting a location, for further inputs and queries.
identify potential facilities for the event.
5. Develop an agenda to meet the specific needs
of the event.
6. Prepare a clear, concise overview of the
project. This presentation should include REFERENCES:
the project goals and vision, status (what
decisions have been made), issues and https://www.thegpsc.org/sites/gpsc/files/todknowdoc/
problems, and specific objectives or questions en-c01_0.pdf
to be addressed. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/44051.pdf
7. Finalise the participant invitation list,
including contact information (name, title,
company, address, phone, and e-mail address)
for each invitee. Send a “save the date”
announcement as soon as possible after
finalising the invitee list, approximately two
months before the event date.
22
B6. OTHER QUICK STRATEGIES

While the above strategies provides a chance to perform an elaborate study of the needs and opportunities, there
are a few other strategies which can be performed quickly to understand the community and share the importance of
public spaces. The following are easy to perform activities with the community:
COMMUNITY NEIGHBOURHOOD TOUR OR SITE VISIT

This engagement activity is an outdoor exercise which is aimed at having a walking tour of the neighbourhood or the
site and identifying issues and opportunities together.
1. Select a group of people (stakeholders identified using step A.)
2. Provide the group with blank papers and pencils to list down the names of the spaces visited in the tour and
associated positives and negatives.
3. Collect the papers at the end of the tour and open it up for a discussion while one person prepares a compiled list of
all the spaces and the observations.
This exercise will help the people to interact with one another, it will allow the host to collect qualitative data as
well as instill a sense of responsibility towards the site or neighbourhood. It is a great social activity which can be
performed more than once.
In case of a government authority or body conducting any one of the above listed engagement activities, it will
allow them to understand the needs and demands of the city residents, shop owners, women, children, youth and
other stakeholders and will aid in refining masterplans pertaining to public spaces. It will also be an opportunity for
capacity building as the exercises will sensitise the officials, train them to conduct participatory activities for other
planning or design related projects as well as create transparency between the decision makers and the residents of
the city.
In case of an individual or a community group conducting the engagement activity, it will allow them to unify their
needs and priorities and increase social interaction. It also presents a wonderful opportunity for the residents to be
change-makers and interact with the urban environment in a more productive manner which can instill a sense of
identity and ownership.
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
C DEFINE THE ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES

The stakeholder engagement will allow the user to understand the issues and needs of the community residents
and other stakeholders in the location. To further streamline the process of defining the issue and opportunities, it is
recommended to fill out the following worksheet to address the issue and prepare a design which reflects the needs
and opportunities it can create for the community:
Write potential challenge statements into the grid below and evaluate which of these may be the most
compelling as per the checklist provided. The checklist comprises of generic impact points which will allow the
user to evaluate the most pressing issue, challenge or opportunity.
Potential Challenge or Opportunity Checklist
• Is the challenge or opportunity impacting multiple

1. stakeholders?
• Does the challenge make the residents and other
stakeholder feel unsafe in the location/area?
• Does the identified challenge/ opportunity cater
to a larger problem of the city? Eg. Solid waste
management, flooding, pollution, housing ?
• Should this challenge/ issue be urgently addressed?
• Will addressing this challenge or opportunity boost
the local economy?
2.
• Will addressing this challenge or opportunity boost
the local identity ?
• Will addressing this challenge or opportunity trigger
other systems to fall in place? For eg. solving
a parking issue could improve the traffic in the
neighbourhood.
• Will addressing the challenge or opportunity
improve the quality of life for all especially
3. children, women, elderly and the specially abled?
If more than 70% of the checklist is checked, that particular challenge or opportunity is deemed more important
than the others. This toolkit recommends the user to select the challenge or opportunity which checks the
maximum number of boxes above.
Once the list is made, fill out the following:

What is the primary challenge or opportunity the team and the community choose to address?
24
D DESIGN AND PLAN YOUR DIY CONCEPT

Having defined the issue and the opportunity, the next step shall be to prepare a conceptual design and make an
action plan to execute the design with the community and/or other stakeholders as identified using the chart provided
in A. IDENTIFY THE STAKEHOLDERS
Answer the following prompts, to develop a well inform placemaking concept and strategy with the community:
1. What community challenge(s) are you addressing?
2. What are the important outcomes expected out of this exercise?
3. Quickly define your strategy by answering the following:
WHAT? (Solution in brief) WHEN? (Tentative dates and duration of the project)
WHO? (The stakeholders; working team, HOW? (Briefly explain the steps/ process)
implementation team etc.)
WHERE? (Location or site of intervention)
4. Are there any specific obstacles or hurdles that might get in the way of implementing the design?
5. What steps and questions are important to further test or refine the concept?
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
E CHOOSE YOUR SOLUTIONS WISELY
E1. MATERIAL PALETTE

Tactical or creative placemaking requires minimum material to provide maximum impact. Different cities could build
their own curated material toolbox specifically for tactical urbanism projects. The toolbox should include materials
which can be procured locally, are sturdy and cheap and can be moved from one place to another at ease. Details of
common materials are inventoried below for ease of initiating a tactical urbanism process:
CHALK LINE
Application: Helps in creating straight lines for any project that requires
PREPARATORY TOOLS
striping or markings
Cost: INR 95 - INR 509
Vendor: Amazon.in or any local vendor on Indiamart
MEASURING TAPE
Application: A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler used to
measure size or distance. It consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fiber
glass, or metal strip with linear-measurement markings. It is a common
measuring tool. Its design allows for a measure of great length to be easily
carried in pocket or toolkit and permits one to measure around curves or
corners.
Vendor: Amazon.in, Local hardware store, stationary
CUTTER/ UTILITY KNIFE

Application: Handy tool which can be used for carving out stencils for paint
marking, cutting construction grade tape etc.
PAINT ROLLER
Application: Efficiently applies paint on concrete, asphalt or other surfaces
CHALK
Application: a stick used for writing or drawing on cloth, concrete, asphalt,
stone etc.
Cost: INR 80 - INR 200 a box (100 pc.)
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TRAFFIC CONES
BARRICADING QUICK FIXES

Dimensions: 75cm – 100 cm high, 40 x cm base
Cost: INR 500 - INR 1000 / piece
Application: For creating temporary barriers along bike ways, pedestrian
paths, intersections, etc. For defining boundaries of plazas or public spaces.
Vendor: Safety equipment store, amazon.in or any local vendor on Indiamart
METAL CYLINDERS
Dimensions: 200 - 220 litre capacity
Application: For creating barriers, or demarcating boundaries. It can be used
for serving the purpose of a temporary median in order to separate spaces.
Metal cylinders can be creatively converted into objects like furniture,
planters, etc.
Vendor: Scrap dealers, olx.in, any local vendor on Indiamart
DELINEATOR POST
Dimensions: 75cm high, 5 – 8 cm diameter
paths, intersections, etc. For defining boundaries of plazas or public spaces. It
can also be used as medians to separate spaces.
Vendor: Safety equipment store, amazon.in or any local vendor on Indiamart
CONCRETE BOLLARDS
Dimensions: 90 -100 cm high, 12 to15cm dia
paths, intersections, etc. For defining boundaries of plazas or public spaces. It
can also be used as medians to separate spaces.
Vendor: Precast concrete product manufacturers, any local vendor on
Indiamart
REUSABLE TIRES
Dimensions: 80cm diameter
Cost: INR 10 - INR 15 / kg
Application: For demarcating spaces and defining edges. It can also be
creatively converted into furniture, planters, etc.
Vendor: Scrap dealers, automobile workshops, olx.in, any local vendor on
Indiamart
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
CONCRETE BLOCKS
BARRICADING QUICK FIXES
Dimensions: 30.5x10x5 cm
Application: For visually defining spaces by creating edges. It can be used to
make low height walls by stacking blocks. It can be used an accessory for DIY
games.
Indiamart
CONCRETE PLANTER BOXES

Dimensions: 60X30X30 cm
Application: For demarcating spaces and defining edges. It can act as medians
to separate spaces. They also help in greening the area.
Vendor: Precast concrete product manufacturers, plant nurseries, any local
vendor on Indiamart
CONCRETE/ PLASTIC JERSEY BARRIERS

Dimensions: 240x60x85 cm (concrete), 100x75x35 cm (plastic)
Cost: INR 8000 /piece (concrete), INR 1500- INR 2000 /piece (plastic)
Application: For creating barriers along bike ways, pedestrian paths,
intersections, etc. For defining boundaries of plazas or public spaces.
Vendor: Precast concrete product manufacturers, Safety equipment store, any
local vendor on Indiamart
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REGULAR BENCH
STREET FURNITURE QUICK FIXES

Dimensions: 150cm long
Cost: INR 5000- INR 7000 / piece
Application: For seating purposes
Vendor: Industrial fabricators, play equipment vendor, any local vendor on
Indiamart
TYRE SEATING
Dimensions: 80cm dia
Cost: INR 500 - INR 1500 / seat
Application: For flexible seating purposes. Different positions and combinations
of seating can be experimented based on user activities.
Vendor: Local craftsman, olx.in, any local vendor on Indiamart
OIL DRUM SEATING

Dimensions: 120x45x100 cm
Application: For seating purposes
Vendor: Local craftsman, olx.in, any local vendor on Indiamart
CONCRETE BLOCK
Dimensions: 39.5x19.5x9.5cm
Application: For visually defining spaces by creating edges. It can be used to
make low height walls by stacking blocks. It can be used an accessory for DIY
games.
Indiamart
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
PRECAST CONCRETE PLANTERS

LANDSCAPE QUICK FIXES
Dimensions: 60X30X 30cm

to separate spaces. They also help in greening the area.
Vendor: Precast concrete product manufacturers, plant nurseries, any local
vendor on Indiamart
PLANTER TIRES
Dimensions: 80cm dia
Cost: INR 10 - INR 15 / kg
to separate spaces. They also help in greening the area. Planter tires are more
flexible when compared to precast concrete planters.
Vendor: Local craftsman, garden accessory stores
OIL DRUM PLANTERS

Dimensions: 200-220 liter capacity
Application: For creating barriers, or demarcating boundaries. It can be used
for serving the purpose of a temporary median in order to separate spaces.
They also help in greening the area.
Vendor: Scrap dealers, olx.in, any local vendor on Indiamart
ASTRO TURF
Dimensions: Available in rolls of 2 – 3m width
Cost: INR 100 - INR 150 /sq ft
Application: For creating temporary visually greener surfaces. It can also help
in converting surfaces into a softer and greener finish, which can be useful
while creating temporary parks or plazas.
Vendor: Garden accessory stores, any local vendor on Indiamart
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E5. STRUCTURE AND SHADE QUICK FIXES
STRUCTURE AND SHADE QUICK FIXES

UMBRELLA
Dimensions: 300 x 200
Application: For providing shade. Umbrellas are most commonly clubbed with
furniture to create comfortable seating spaces. As umbrellas are tall vertical
elements, careful choices of colours for the umbrella can help to make the
space visually pleasing and attractive.
Vendor: Amazon.in or any local vendor on Indiamart
BAMBOO PERGOLA
Dimensions: NA
Application: Ensures weather protection by creating temporary shading. Can be
used to visually define space, create transition spaces and kiosks.
Vendor: Local craftsman, timber dealers
METAL PERGOLA
Dimensions: NA
Cost: INR 150 / kg
Application: For creating partially shaded areas. Additional shading can be
ensured through native plant climbers. It can also be used to visually define
spaces.
Vendor: Hardware stores, Industrial fabricators
CLOTH
Dimensions: NA
Cost: INR 50 - INR 100 / meter
Application: For creating temporary shading, installations or for decorating.
Textiles which showcase local crafts or prints can attract users.
Vendor: Textile shops, Amazon.in or any local vendor on Indiamart
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
E2. DIY PUBLIC SPACES: TEMPLATES AND EXAMPLES

The following list of interventions is to give an understanding of the type of projects one can do for quick impact. The
projects listed can be used in combinations, individually or merely an idea to kick start the intervention. The materials
used in case of the interventions below may vary with different contexts, neighbourhoods and cities.
DIY CROSSWALKS AND MEDIANS

Safe and frequent crosswalks are very important to improve walkability in a street. A bright, colorful crosswalk alerts
pedestrian, cyclists and motorists to its presence, which makes the street safer for all users. And it is also one of the
inexpensive ways to improve road safety in your city
Image 26: Together with Opperclaes, Street Makers, Schreuders infra and the
City of Rotterdam, Geveko Markings has turned a crosswalk in Westblaak,
Rotterdsam into creative and decorative streetart. Source: Gerevo-markings.
com
Image 27: Colorful crosswalks are temporary artworks designed to

enhance the downtown walking experience by bettering crosswalk visibility
for pedestrian safety in downtown Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Source:
Image 25: A Crosswalk celebrating .chapelhillarts.org
LGBTQ community in Philadelphia Source:
phillymag.com RECOMMENDATIONS
• Necessary permissions and approvals from Government authorities
like the Public Works Department, Motor Vehicles Department, Traffic
Police Department, etc. needs to be availed before implementing the
scheme.
• DIY crosswalks and medians should be avoided wherever they are
less noticeable or crossing distances are too long. It is recommended
to implement DIY crosswalks in streets where the speed limit is less
70kmph.
32
TYPICAL DIMENSIONS
Crosswalk Width: 2- 4m (IRC Code).
Crosswalk Striping: Zebra pattern consisting of equally spaced white stripes; 500 mm wide (IRC Code).
Median Dimensions – minimum width is 1.2m. Minimum clear width between guard rails of a median refuge
island is 2m, in order to allow two wheelchair users to pass one another. (IRC Code).
Preparatory Tools
Making a DIY crosswalk or Paint Quick Fixes
median requires preparation of Street Furniture Quick Fixes
Colours can be added to the
the location selected. crosswalk or median in the Street furniture can be
• First the surface needs form of stripes or artwork introduced in areas where the
to be cleared of any which is relevant to the context medians are larger and there
obstructions and dirt. to visually emphasise it or is large volume of pedestrian
make it more attractive. activity present.
• Striping using chalk line and
measuring tape is required
to define the boundaries and
sizes of a crosswalk or a
median.
Landscape Quick Fixes

Landscaping elements such as
planters can be used separating
elements in the median or refuge
islands. It can also help in
greening the spaces.
Image 28: Safe

pedestrian space using
traffic bump outs, line Barricading Quick Fixes
striping, flex-posts,bike Signage
Median separations or bigger median refuges
racks, and a first-of-its-
islands can be defined using barricading Handmade signage can be placed
kind midblock crosswalk
with traffic island in elements. They create a protected area along pedestrian crossing and
Baltimore; Source: between lanes which helps pedestrians to wait medians to warn the users.
grahanproject.com © 2006- and cross safely.
2021 GRAHAM COREIL-ALLEN / GRAHAM
PROJECTS LLC
33
06 DIY PLACEMAKING
DIY CYCLE LANES

Like walking, cycling is one of the most basic and key form of exercise which can be provided to all in the city. In
order to ensure healthy cities, one must plan and design for infrastructure which supports cycling throughout the city.
Ensuring cycle lanes with seamless connectivity, proper cycle parking, shaded lanes and access to amenities can
bring about the shift in the preferred mode of transit throughout the city.
Image 29: Cycle lane paired with a “furnishing zone” (shown) to further separate the cycle track from motor vehicles or pedestrians or both in a city in
Iowa. Source: aarp.org (for single use only)
Image 30: Cyclegiri in Bhubaneswar held to promote Image 31: Cycle lane on Racecourse Road in Bengaluru under the Smart City Initiative.
cycling and cycling infrastructure in the city. The city Source: thehindu.com, photo by K.MURALI KUMAR
participated and was among the shortlisted cities in
India for Cycle 4 Change Initiative by Ministry of Housing
and Urban Affairs. Source: BUKC, Bhubaneswar
RECOMMENDATIONS
• It is recommended to follow a consistent colour for the bike lane
to make these lanes recognizable. Always use bright, contrasting
colours to make the bike lanes stand out.
• It is advisable to get approval from the concerned local authorities
or transportation department in order to setup the bike lane.
34
TYPICAL DIMENSIONS
Bike lane Width: 2-3 meters (IRC Code).
Vertical clearance: A minimum of 2.25m of headroom is required (IRC Code).
Sight distance: A cyclist should have a good view of at least 25 meters when riding. When cycling on a track
with a gradient of 1 in 40 or more, cyclists should have a clear vision of at least 60 meters (as per IRC Code).
Preparatory Tools Paint Quick Fixes

Making a DIY bike lane necessitates The use of contrasting colours and
some planning and preparation of the a consistent application makes it
chosen spot. easier for drivers to spot the bike
• First, any impediments and lane. The track can be defined
debris must be removed from the with stencils. Alternatively, paint a
surface. white line as finishing trim with the
striping machine.
• The borders and width of a bike
lane must be defined using a Landscape Quick Fixes
chalk line and measuring tape. Planters and other landscaping
White duct tape can also be used elements can be utilised to separate
to mark the lane. the bike lane from the road. It can
also assist in the greening of areas.
Image 32: Tactical cycle lane implemented

in Bhubaneswar for the Cycle 4 Change
Challenge; Source: BUKC, Bhubaneswar Signage Barricading Quick Fixes
To warn users, handcrafted Traffic cones and delineator post helps in
signage can be placed along preventing vehicles from entering or parking
bike lanes and medians. in the designated bike lanes. Planter boxes or
jersey barriers made of plastic can also be
used
35
06 DIY PLACEMAKING
DIY PLAZAS
Pop-up plazas helps us understand the possibility to revamp the existing public areas. This needs to be done
considering the existing community and the potential users. Underused streets can be converted into bustling plazas
by adding street furniture, planters, and aesthetically appealing surface paints or public art to make them more
appealing and ensuring that they are used by people of all ages. Ensure community participation for a successful
intervention. Organising various events can help to popularise the destination.
Image 33: Asphalt plaza mural by Andrea von Bujdoss, a prolific New York City graphic designer, muralist, fine artist, typographer and illustrator in
Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Source: © SUPERFRESHDESIGN 2020
Image 34: Re-purposed ship containers used as art gallery in a plaza Image 35: Sunset Triangle Plaza in Los Angeles, by Rios Clementi Hale
during Melbourne International Design Week by artist Gavin Bufton; Studios. Photo by Jim Simmons; Source: landscapearchitecturemagazine.
Source: Design Matters via Behance org
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Plazas operate well on slow traffic streets with active retail fronts. Choose locations where more public space would
be a welcome addition, or where there is a significant pedestrian traffic already present.
• When making a DIY plaza, it’s critical to use a combination of barrier features, surface treatments, and landscaping
elements to create a clear, strong edge that defines the space. Maintain a compact public space so that activity is not
dispersed too widely.
• Existing storm water drainage patterns and utilises present in the site needs to be considered while designing the DIY
plaza.
• In order to build up the plaza, it is advisable to acquire permission from the relevant local authorities
36
TYPICAL DIMENSIONS
To separate the park from the carriageway, use white lines that are at least 20cm broad. To prevent vehicle
access, apply double lines along the edges.
Preparatory Tools
Making a DIY plaza requires preparation of the Paint Quick Fixes Barricading Quick Fixes
location selected. Colors help to give a plaza its Traffic cones and delineator
• First, any impediments and debris must be removed own individuality. Activities posts help to keep vehicles
from the surface. can be marked with stencils. out of the plaza by stopping
• A chalk line and a measuring tape can be used to Colourful wall murals and them from entering or parking.
draw boundaries. painted installations also Planter boxes or jersey
helps to give the plaza an barriers made of plastic can
• It is necessary to provide the necessary buffer
identity. also be used.
for the placement of street furniture and the
finalization of various other plaza elements.
Signage
To lead people to the plaza,
handcrafted signs mentioning
the plaza’s name might be
placed along streets and
medians. Image 36: Example of Tactical
Urbanism promoted by the
Municipality of Milano, in Piazza
Structure and Shade Quick Angilberto II, Milano, Italy, 2019.
Source: rethinkingspaceandplace.com
Fixes
Shading devices are necessary
in locations with hot and
rainy climate to guarantee
that public spaces are used Street Furniture Quick Fixes Landscape Quick Fixes
effectively.
Seating that is both formal and informal Planters and other landscaping items can
can be supplied by arranging it in a way be used to define the plaza. It can also
that encourages dialogue. Having enough assist in the greening of areas. Temporary
open and movable seats is essential for lighting elements like string lights or
the smooth operation of a bustling plaza. lanterns can improve the ambience of
A plaza’s success depends on it. Seating the plaza during night and make it more
for people with disabilities should also be attractive.
available.
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06 DIY PLACEMAKING
DIY PARKLETS
DIY Parklets helps to transform any underutilised space in your city into an area of human activity. For example, an
existing parking bay can be converted into a parklet where people can relax themselves, or an existing underutilised
space in the right-of-way of a street can be converted into a park for public space. It in turn helps to improve the
social life of the community in an innovative way and also helps to boost the local economy
RECOMMENDATIONS
• It is suggested that the park be painted in a contrasting colour or that more green features be used so that
pedestrians can easily detect the intervention. The height of barrier elements separating the park from the road should
also be so that they provide a sense of enclosure while not blocking the line of sight. It is recommended to avoid
placing parks / parklets adjacent to traffic intersections.
• Temporary game / play area, exercise spaces, movie screening spaces, performance areas etc. can be included in DIY
parks where a larger area is available. It helps to boost social interaction among the community.
• Necessary permissions and approvals from Government authorities needs to availed before implementing the scheme.
Provisions for draining of storm-water and spaces for street utilities needs to be considered while designing the park
/ parklet.
38
TYPICAL DIMENSIONS
A parklet must have a minimum width of 180cm, or a width of a parking area. To separate the park from the
carriageway, use white lines that are at least 20cm broad. To prevent vehicle access, apply double lines along the
edges.
To establish a strong edge and a sense of enclosure for pedestrians, vertical obstacles consisting of planters,
concrete blocks, wooden crates, and other objects should be placed 30cm after the inside edge of the white line.
Barricading Quick Fixes

Physical barriers preferably using
landscaping elements such as
Paint Quick Fixes
Structure and Shade Quick Fixes potted plants or stone blocks can
Wall murals, street art or be used to create a strong edge
Shading devices are necessary in
painted installations can help for the park, so that passerby can
locations with hot and rainy climate
to define the parklet and make identify it as a pedestrian only zone.
to guarantee that public spaces are
it more attractive.
used effectively.
Image 37: Tactical Plaza

designed by IBI Group and
implemented by GIZ on Cross
Cut Rd in Coimbatore. The Landscape Quick Fixes
entire stretch was designed
using tactical tools which The parklets can either be creatively integrated
included traffic calming Street Furniture Quick Fixes into the existing landscape elements, or temporary
strategies, seating areas,
landscaping etc.; Source: IBI Temporary seating may be plants can be introduced to make the space greener,
Group India Private Limited integrated into the design. Movable shadier and inviting. Spreading astro turf on the
chairs and tables are preferred so ground is a quick method to create a visual impact
that different combinations can be of a soft and green surface.
worked out. .
39
06 DIY PLACEMAKING
DIY MARKETS
DIY Markets, also known as pop-up shops, pop-up retail, flea markets, pop-up cafes, etc. are used to revatilise
existing underutilised spaces such as vacant retail spaces, waterfronts, under flyover spaces, etc in a city. They
tend to create an event like atmosphere for a short period of time, which helps to improve community life and local
economy. Small business owners, brands large and small, street vendors, artists and community organizations can
benefit from such interventions. The results of the public interest and exposure on the DIY market can further help in
sparking a long-term change.
Image 38: A fresh market in Myanmar employing the social distancing practice has marked the ground with paint to separate each seller as well as
allow space for shoppers to safely browse products while maintaining a distance of 1-2 meters as suggested by the World Health Organization.
Image 40: A 3 day Flea market in Ahmedabad, India which comprises Image 39: The Calicut Flea Market is a platform for aspiring artists and
of stalls selling art, clothes, food, accessories etc. entrepreneurs to exhibit and sell their products. The three-day event is
an opportunity for like minded people to gather together, enjoy music, art
and shopping in the heart of the city.
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Combining pop-up shops and cafes with events like festivals, exhibitions, sports events, etc. may increase the footfall.
Also these temporary markets should be preferably located adjacent to more popular areas or public spaces in the
locality.
• Combining DIY markets with activity areas and seating can attract people and increase social interactions.
• Necessary permissions and approvals from Government authorities needs to availed before implementing the scheme.
40
Landscape Quick Fixes

The DIY market place can be planned to Structure and Shade Quick Fixes
integrate with existing landscape elements like Temporary kiosk using tent like structures made out
trees, hedges, lighting, etc. Potted planters poles and fabric, bamboo, metal frames, ropes, ribbons
can be used as a visually pleasing barricades can be used to set up shops or cafés. Combinations of
which helps to control circulation or queuing old or rented furniture and umbrellas can also be used
spaces in counters. Adding lighting in the form to set up temporary shops, especially in hot climate.
of string lights and lanterns creates a different
ambience of the space during night.
Preparatory Tools
Proper planning of the layout of the
temporary market place covering aspects
like the number of shops, clustering of
shops, circulation, aisle widths, seating
spaces, etc are required before execution.
After planning the layout can be marked
on site using chalk line or paint
Paint Quick Fixes

Wall murals or painted
installations can help to define the
place and make it more attractive.
Painted aisles for walking also
helps to guide circulation in the
space.
Image 41: Dilli Haat is a paid- Barricading Quick Fixes Market Furniture Quick Fixes
entrance open-air market,
food plaza, and craft bazaar Barricading elements play an DIY street furniture which are ideally temporary and
located in Delhi. The area important role in controlling movable can be introduced along with cafes, food
is run by Delhi Tourism and circulation through the market. streets and performance areas. It helps people sit,
Transportation Development
Corporation, and unlike the Barricades can be used to relax and enjoy the event, as well as, improve social
traditional weekly market, denote entry and exit, queuing interactions. Old furniture can also be used as table
the village Haat, Dilli Haat is spaces, shop clusters, etc. surfaces to display and sell merchandise or serve food.
permanent.
41
06 DIY PLACEMAKING
DIY PLAYSPACES
DIY playspaces or pop up playspaces are unstructured and innovative play opportunities for children. By using locally
procured materials, up-cycled materials, a small piece of vacant land can be converted into a play-space for children.
These playspaces are great opportunities for settlements or areas which have no access to play-space or lack of
access. It can be a part of the public realm or a component of a neighbourhood park. It can also be developed on
neglected pocket areas of the neighbourhood to increase activity and uplift the area for safety.
Image 42: Imagination Playground in a Box gives communities an easy-to-install, cost-effective means to offer their children opportunities for open-
ended, free play. The concept centers around a set of 90 uniquely designed large foam parts. Source: theindexproject.org
Image 43: Earthscape designed an iconic play space that would evoke Image 44: A Structure for Sensory and Imaginative Play in Accra, Ghana.
subtle memories of unstructured play in the woods in Dallas, Texas Source: Play-scapes.com
RECOMMENDATIONS
• It is recommended to use materials which are non-toxic, treated and bears no health hazard to anybody
especially children.
• Appropriate permissions and approvals from concerned authority
• Stakeholder engagement to sensitise and educate them about the benefits of unstructured play and DIY
maintenance of the space.
42
Preparatory Tools Landscape Quick Fixes

Proper planning of the layout of the The DIY play-space can be planned to integrate
temporary market place covering aspects with existing landscape elements like trees,
like the number of shops, clustering of hedges, lighting, etc. Potted planters can be
shops, circulation, aisle widths, seating used as a visually pleasing barricades as well.
spaces, etc are required before execution. Adding lighting in the form of string lights and
After planning the layout can be marked on lanterns creates a different ambience of the
site using chalk line or paint space during night as well as creates a sense
of safety
Paint Quick Fixes

Wall murals or painted
installations can help to define the
place and make it more attractive
and interactive. Art can also be a
play equipment.
Image 45: Rewind Play, a Barricading Quick Fixes Furniture/ Play equipment Quick Fixes
project by OMC and BMC
in Bhubaneswar aimed at Barricades can be used DIY play equipment of furniture in the playground can
creating playspaces for to denote entry and exit, be temporary in nature. Materials which are easy to
underprivileged children and demarcation of play areas or procure and fixed as well as maintained such as tires,
communities in the city using
locally procured, up-cycled even define the play area on a metal barrels, bamboo etc. can be treated to create
materials. Source: BUKC, leftover land or space. unstructured play with the help of a design expert.
Bhubaneswar
43
06 DIY PLACEMAKING
DIY BIOSWALES
Bioswales are vegetated, shallow, landscaped depressions designed to capture, treat, and infiltrate storm-water runoff
as it moves downstream. They are similar to rain gardens but are designed to capture much more runoff coming from
larger areas of impervious surfaces like streets and parking lots. They are very flexible in design, so they can be
integrated with medians, cul¬de¬sacs, footpaths and other public space or traffic calming strategies.
Reducing pavement areas or hard surfaces and increasing green areas by building bioswales and water retention
areas in cities have multiple benefits. Green areas help to penetrate rainwater into the ground, and it replenishes the
ground water. It also helps to reduce the temperature in the area, especially during hot summer days. It restores the
habitat by building micro-ecosystem which supports multiple species and also acts as a community green space.
TYPICAL DIMENSIONS
Maximum ponding depth is 15 cm to 30 cm.
Soil mixture should contain maximum 5% soil content.
Preparatory Tools Landscape Quick Fixes Barricading Quick Fixes

• Locations and widths of bioswales • Native species with a suitable • Barricading a bioswale is
needs to be decided based on advice mix of sedges, grasses and optional. Concrete blocks or
from experts. It varies from place trees needs to be selected. bricks can be used to define
to place based on geographical and Sedges and grasses can be the boundary of the bioswale.
climatic factors. After identifying planted around the edges, so Necessary gap should be left in
the location, existing hardscape in that they hold the soil. While between blocks so that water
the area needs to be removed and plants with capacity to purify can enter the swale.
disposed using digging tools. The area water can be placed towards
needs to dug to the identified depth. the middle. Geo textiles can
Bioswale usually slope down towards also be used on slopes to
the centre from the sides. prevent erosion.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is suggested that professionals be consulted in order to determine the locations and sizes of bioswales.
In a bioswale, it is recommended to use a variety of natural species for vegetation. When choosing species, keep in
mind the need for irrigation and the ability to create animal habitat.
Water velocity can be reduced by rocks and gravel, preventing erosion. In areas with poor infiltration rates, bioswales
are not advised.
Before depaving the streets and implementing the scheme, the necessary permissions and approvals from government
authorities must be obtained.
44
F FINANCE THE INTERVENTIONS SMARTLY

Once the design and plan is in place, it is important to make a financial plan which supports the procurement of
materials, implementation and maintenance. If there is no specific budget allocated for projects of such nature or if
one is unaware about certain budgets, one may opt for the following innovative financing mechanisms to support their
intervention:
F1. FOR IMPLEMENTATION
Approved budgets with political Approved budgets with related

personals Agencies
1. Check with the Ward Corporators and ask 1. Check with ULBs and other departments for
for his budget capacity. Ward Corporators support funds. For this it is recommended to
get monthly money for the carrying out the present the plan in advance while taking the
physical and social infrastructure works in permissions and approvals and request for
their respective Wards. Connect with the funding.
Municipal Corporation to know your Ward and
the Corporators.
2. Connect with local political personnel for Donor Agencies
donations. He/she can be MP or MLA or any
other influential individual who can arrange 1. BvLF | TATA | GIZ | Bill and Melinda Gates
funds from political parties. Foundation. Connect to these donor agencies
for funds.
Community Pool-in Corporate Social Responsibility - CSR

1. It is basic trend in India to collect funds 1. Check with large business owners for CSR
for different festival celebrations within funds.
neighbourhoods. Public spaces are also a 2. Check with business owners for material
place of celebration if curated and designed donations such as Asian Paints sponsors
well and used well. Encourage community to paints to artists for doing street art in cities.
pool-in and create spaces for all. Similarly, other materials can be procured
from other business owners and due credits
can be given for future supports.
Best from Waste 3. Check with government agencies as well for
1. Try using waste materials such as used tires, CSR funds. Odisha Mining Corporation (OMC)
wood planks and poles, glass bottles etc. funded for development of parks and play
If needed take help from such experts who areas in informal settlements and government
transform waste into usable items for public schools.
spaces.
F2. FOR MAINTENANCE
Identify income generating activities

1. If possible charge nominal user fee. But it should be adjusted such that all can use.
2. Plan or integrate street vendors such as vegetable seller, fruit and juice seller, or any other low impact
commercial activity. In return the vendor will take care of the spaces such as cleaning, repairing etc. Avoid
integrating such activities which prevents children, women and senior citizen to attend the space.
45
06 DIY PLACEMAKING
G DOCUMENT AND MONITOR

Once, the DIY intervention is implemented it is necessary for it to be felt and used by the targeted users. In case
of Indian cities, where such interventions are new and innovative for the context, it will also play an important
role of starting the dialogue of streamlining or statutorizing the process of placemaking in the mainstream city
planning or design processes. This will help in multiplying more such spaces on regular intervals making cities more
people-friendly, comfortable and safe. This will also further aid in realizing the many pain points and opportunities
as per the usage and function of the space which will become a great foundation for the authorities to turn it into
something more permanent in nature.
In order to achieve the above long term goal, the first step one needs to take is to document the work for it to
become an example and a beacon for change in the public realm. The following will act as a guidance for seamless
documentation process:
WEAR THE HAT OF A PLANNER
PRE IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION POST IMPLEMENTATION
• Map the site and context • Videography/ photography • Videography/ photography

using google maps of the process of of the functioning of the
• Photograph or Video graph implementation space post implementation
the existing situation of the • Photograph the • Host an event/ program
site implemented site relevant to the context and
• Prepare a word document especially from the angle intended function of the
comprising of the vision, of the pre implementation place and invite journalists,
challenges, opportunities photographs in order to artists, social media
and conceptual design compare pre and post site influencer to cover the
conditions intervention.
• Maintain a list of materials
to be used with their costs • Record the user reaction • Map the site and context
and quantities and their thoughts about using google maps to
the intervention document any challenges,
opportunities and changes
post implementation
BE A MONITOR FOR YOUR SITE

Monitoring the site will allow to assess the impact of the design on the stakeholders, understand the reaction of the
design with the context and define challenges which can be avoided while making the intervention permanent. The
data monitored can also be shared with the decision makers such as the development authority or the municipal
corporation of the city to consider it for a permanent intervention of public spaces. The following template comprises
of some questions curated specifically to monitor the site of intervention. These questions are also a part of the
larger PUBLIC SPACE SURVEY provided as a part of Knowledge product #02 PUBLIC SPACE DOCUMENTATION TOOL
46
1. Location of intervention :
2. Ward no:
3. Uses of the space:
4. What is the anchor because of which the space is functioning?
5. What type of public art is present in the Public Space?
6. Does the space have any smaller or larger impact on the surrounding or the city?
Briefly describe the positive and/or negative impact:
QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT
1 = Extremely poor; 5 = Excellent
Comfort and Image Rating 1 2 3 4 5
Overall attractiveness of the space
Feeling of safety especially by women and children
Cleanliness and quality of maintenance on-site
Comfort of places to sit
Climate protection arrangements (such as temporary

shade, trees for shading, etc)
Are there any public toilets in or near the Public Space?
Are there any drinking water facilities in or near the space?
Are there any factors which hamper the overall experience of the space?
Any additional comment:
47
06 DIY PLACEMAKING
Access and Linkage Rating 1 2 3 4 5
Visibility from a distance
Ease in walking to the space
Ease in cycling to the space
Ease in using public transport facilities- to and from the

space*
Universal accessibility
Easy to reach the public space/ presence of signage
Do you have to pay to access and enjoy the public space?
Uses and Activities Rating 1 2 3 4 5
Mix of activities
Frequency of community events/activities
Overall busy-ness
Sociability Rating 1 2 3 4 5
Presence of all age groups (children, youth, adult,

elderly)
Presence of all types of gender (males, females, others)
Presence of people with abilities and other vulnerable

population
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Prepared by: Knowledge partner:

LIBRARY OF PLACEMAKING SOLUTIONS

3.INTENTION AND SCOPE OF THE GUIDE................................................................... 14

ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY...........................................................................................................................................................18

DEFINE THE ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES........................................................................................................................22

DESIGN AND PLAN YOUR DIY CONCEPT..............................................................................................................................23

CHOOSE YOUR SOLUTIONS WISELY........................................................................................................................................24

FINANCE THE INTERVENTIONS SMARTLY...........................................................................................................................41

DOCUMENT AND MONITOR..........................................................................................................................................................42

2.1. POSSIBLE PLACEMAKING INTERVENTIONS

Image 1: Rath Rd, Bhubaneswar Image 2: Bryant Park, New York

STREET FACADE IMPROVEMENT PARK AND PLAYGROUND IMPROVEMENT

Source: RSMDesign.com Source: Photos by Bogota District Mobility Office

GATEWAY IMPROVEMENT JUNCTION IMPROVEMENT

2.1.2 STRATEGIC PLACEMAKING • Permanent in nature • Needs to be implemented

WATERFRONTS CITY CENTRES, SQUARES AND PLAZAS

OPEN MARKET PLACES TRANSIT STOPS

2.1.3 CREATIVE PLACEMAKING • Temporary in nature • Easy to implement

Source: Quartz India, Qz.com Source: Photo by Manisha Balani, pps.org

PUBLIC ART OUTDOOR CITY EVENTS

Source: mymodernmet.com Source: Hriday Amritsar

PEDESTRIAN STREETS AND CROSSINGS SIGNAGE PROJECT

• Temporary in nature • Easy to implement

Source: Photo by John Greenfield; archpaper.com Source: EastMojo Image

TRAFFIC CALMING STRATEGIES POP UP STREET ACTIVITY

Source: Photo by John Greenfield; archpaper.com Source: EastMojo Image

POP UP MARKETS TACTICAL PLAYGROUNDS

Source: Architronic Source: lastressillas.com

SEATING QUICK LANDSCAPING

Image 19: Rajmahal Flyover, Bhubaneswar

While all types of placemaking interventions are

3. INTENTION AND SCOPE OF THE GUIDE

STREETS PARKS PLAYGROUNDS HERITAGE

TOURIST SIDEWALKS AND UNDERFLYOVER NEGLECTED URBAN

INFORMAL HOUSING SOCIETIES NEIGHBOURHOODS TRANSIT STOPS

MARKETS SCHOOLS AND VACANT SPACES

4. WHO WILL USE THE GUIDE

GOVERNMENT PRIVATE BODIES INDIVIDUALS OR

5. PROCESS FOR DIY PLACEMAKING

IDENTIFY THE STAKEHOLDERS

ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY

DEFINE THE ISSUE AND OPPORTUNITY

DESIGN AND PLAN YOUR DIY CONCEPT

CHOOSE YOUR SOLUTIONS WISELY

FINANCE THE INTERVENTION SMARTLY

DOCUMENT AND MONITOR

A IDENTIFY THE STAKEHOLDERS

Key Government Authorities/ Officials* Key Private Bodies*

B ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY

B1. THE PLACE GAME

WHEN AND FOR WHAT? PLEASE NOTE:

B2. POWER OF 10+

PUBLIC SPACE QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION

NEIGHBOURHOOD OR CITY ASSESSMENT WITH RESPECT

B3. THE SUITCASE TOOL

• Prints and stationary relevant to your suitcase

B5. DESIGN CHARRETTE

WHO? WHEN AND FOR WHAT?