lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Basics of Computer by Naseer

Computer organization (Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

3 Month Computer Basic Course Syllabus:

Table of Content: Page No.

A) Fundamentals of Computer: 2
1. Introduction
2
2. Input / Output & Processing (CPU)
3. Memory Device
4
4. Types of computers 5
5. Characteristics of Computer 6
6. History & Generation 7
7. Applications of Computer 7

B) Windows XP Overview:
1. Some Basic Terminology & Typing Skills 8
2. Desktop Settings & Control Panel 13
3. Ms. DOS 14
4. Ms. Paint 15
5. WordPad
17
6. Accessories & Multimedia
21
C) E-mail & Internet:
1. Introduction 21
2. E-mail Account & Its Functions 23
3. Search Engine 23
4. Surfing WebPages 24
5. Basics of Social Networking Site 24

D) Virus: 25
1. General Introduction
& Antivirus Utilities

E) Application Software: 26
1. Microsoft Word 35
2. Microsoft PowerPoint
38
3. Microsoft Excel

F) More: (#Practically Performed activities)

 Widows Seven Overview
 Burning CD/DVD
 Basics of Audio/Video editing
 Fundamentals of Hardware & Networking
 Formatting Hard disk
 Installing Windows

Page 1
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

A) Fundamentals of Computer

1. Introduction: The term 'Computer' is derived from the Latin word

'Computar' which means to calculate.

 C = Commonly
 O = Oriented
 M = Machine
 P = Properly
 U = Used for
 T = Training
 E = Education
 R = Research

Computer is an electronic machine, that process the input data according to the
given instruction & gives output as a result. It also saves the result for future use.

Input Process Output

2. Input / Output & Processing of the Computer:

INPUT DEVICES
Keyboard
Mouse OUTPUT DEVICES
Scanner Monitor
Digital Camera Printer
Joystick Plotter
Pen drive

Page 2
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

PROCESSING OF THE COMPUTER: (CPU)

The most essential part of the computer that perform the various operations provided. It is also
called the brain of the computer. It is mainly divided into three categories:

Arithmetic & logic Unit: It performs all arithmetical as well as logical operations such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication & division. Also it performs the comparison between the
entities & thus help in decision making to the computer.

Control Unit: It controls the flow of instruction within the system. CU gets the program
instruction from memory & executes them one after another.

Memory Unit: It saves the instructions that are being executed for the future use. Each
instruction takes certain memory for its proper execution.

Components of the CPU

 Motherboard  DVD/CD R-W

 Hard disk  Floppy Drive
 RAM  Modem
 ROM  Graphics Card
 Processor  Sound Card
 SMPS & Connecting wire
 UPS

Page 3
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

3. Memory Device
 The storing capacity of computer expressed in bytes. Bytes store one character
of data.
0.1 1 bit
4 bits 1 nibble
8 bits 1 byte
1 byte 1 character
1024 bytes 1 Kilobyte (KB)
1024 KB 1 Megabyte (MB)
1024 MB 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1024 GB 1 Terabyte (TB)

There are mainly two types of memory:

Primary Memory: This is the main memory of the computer. This

memory is used frequently by the CPU for execution of the instructions. There are
again two types of Primary Memory.

 RAM: RAM stands for Random Access Memory. Initially every task is stored in RAM & then
executed or stored in Hard disk. It is volatile, it stores data temporarily. So no data will remain
when the power is switched off. It ranges from 64 MB to 16 GB.
 ROM: ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is a programming chip, where all the system
information are recorded & can't be changed. Its types are PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, etc. It is non-
volatile.

Secondary Memory: These are the storage devices & are used to save the
programs files permanently. There are different types of Secondary Memory. They
are:
 Hard disk (ranges from 40 GB to 1 TB)
 Floppy disk (1.44 MB)
 CD (720MB), DVD (4.7 GB, 8.5 GB)
 Blue ray Disc (25 GB, 40 GB)
 Pen Drive (ranges from 128 MB to 256 GB)
Magnetic Tapes, Zip disk, etc.

Page 4
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

4. Types of Computers:

ON THE BASIS OF WORKING:

 Analog computer
 Digital computer
 Hybrid computer (Digital + Analog)

ON THE BASIS OF SIZE:

 Mainframe computer
 Mini computer
 Super computer
 Work station
 Micro computer
 Desktop computer
 Laptop computer
 Palmtop computer
 Network computer

ON THE BASIS OF BRAND:

 IBM PC
 IBM compatible
 Apple/ Macintosh

ON THE BASIS OF PROCESSING:

 XTI 8086 & 8088 processor
 AT 286
 AT 386
 AT 486
 Pentium I, II, III,IV

Page 5
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

5. Characteristics of Computer:
 SPEED AND ACCURACY
Computer performs complex calculation at a very high speed. Computer takes a few micro/nano
second to execute an operation.
Fraction of a second:
1 millisecond= 1/1000 of second
1microsecond= 1/1000000 of a second
1 nanosecond= 1/000000000 of a second
1 Pico second= 1/1000000000000 of a second
Computer always gives 100% actual outputs (result), if the user provides correct
Input and Instructions .If any mistake occurs in any calculation they are due to manual error but not
of computer. Since it is100% accurate, it is reliable.

 STORAGE
Computer can store a huge amount of data for the future use in auxiliary device like floppy disk, hard
disk or compact disk. The storing capacity of computer is expressed in bytes. Normally one byte
stores one character of data.
0.1 1 bit
4 bits 1 nibble
8 bits 1 byte
1 byte 1 character
1024 bytes 1 Kilobyte (KB)
1024 KB 1 Megabyte (MB)
1024 MB 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1024 GB 1 Terabyte (TB)
 VERSITALITY:
Computers are being used in different fields such as offices, school, hospital, etc. to perform various
tasks. Versatile means ability to perform various tasks & computer can capable to do so. A computer
can process any kind of data.

 DILLIGENCE:
It is a capacity of performing repeated operation without any tiredness & any mistakes. A computer is
capable of performing the required tasks continuously with the same speed, accuracy & efficiency
without any error.

Page 6
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

6. HISTORY & GENERATION OF COMPUTER

It took thousands of years for the computer to develop in to the present state. Earlier the process of
computing was done by counting with their own figures, stones & through scratches on the sand or walls. But this
idea is only for the counting of small entities. So later, various types of computing devices such as ABACUS,
Napier's bone slide rule, diffence engine, lady Augusta Ada Lovelace, etc. On the processing of previous calculating
machines & continuous development on them, makes modern computer come to this stage.

Generations of Computer
 First generation of computer (1946 to 1958) ii. processing speed is faster than second generation
i. Vacuum tubes are used to electronic circuit iii. minicomputer were in produced during this generation
ii. Storage capacity was limited (1kb to 4kb) iv. Storage capacity in measured in mega byte.
iii. Slow processing (millisecond)
iv. High voltage needed up to 150000 volts.  4th generation of computer (1975 to 1990
v. large in size (51002 feet) i. VLSI and micro processer are used
ii. processing speed is very high Giga bytes
 2 nd generation of computer (1959 to 1964) iii. very smaller size
i. Transistor were used iv. input and output devices were versatile
ii. processing speed was faster
iii. Smaller in size(512 feet)  5 th generation of computer (1990 to
iv. Input and output device were faster incomplete…)
i. Intelligent processing
rd
 3 generation of computer (1965 to 1974) ii. Easy human computing
i. ICs were used in place of transistor iii. computer will understand natural language
iv. They have artificial intelligence.

7. Applications Of Computer:
Now a days, it is difficult to find the field or the criteria in which there is no use of computer. Directly or indirectly
there is vast use of computer. However some of the major fields of Computers are given below:

Personal use, Satellites & Networking National & Multinational

School & College System, organizations,
Graphic designing, Research Center, Robotics,
Audio/ Video mixing, Hospitals,
Entertainment, Banks & other offices,
Design & Modeling.
Page 7
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

B) Windows XP Overview

1. Some Basic Terminology:

 AC : Alternating current
 ALU : Arithmetic and logical unit
 CD-RW : compact disk re-writable
 BIOS : basic input and output system
 CPU : central processing unit
 FDD : floppy disk drive
 HDD : hard disk drive
 MS : Microsoft
 MS-DOS : Microsoft disk operating system
 PC : personal computer
 ROM : read only memory
 RAM : random access memory
 DVD : digital video disk
 CU : control unit
 ISP : internet service provider
 WWW : world wide web
 LCD : liquid crystal display
 NTFS : network transfer file system
 USB : universal serial bus
 XT : extended technology
 AT : advanced technology

FIG: Windows XP

Page 8
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Types of keys of the board

Alphabet keys = A, B …Z
Number keys = 0, 1, 2...9
Function keys = F1, F2…F12
Special keys = Del, Alt, Ctrl……

Function of keys
Caps lock: - It is used to make the alphabets capital or small. When it is pressed on it gives capital alphabets and
when it is off it gives small alphabets. In case of Nepali font it shows half character, when it is on.

Enter: - It is used to break the lines, paragraph or columns.

Shift: - it is used to display capital and small alphabets by holding shift we can bring changes in the character.

Tab: - It is used to give long space between two character and words

Space bar: - It is used to give space between two character and word.

Back space: - It is used to remove character at the back of the cursor.

Delete: - It is used to remove character at the right of the cursor.

End: - It is used to move the cursor at the end of the line.

Home: - It is used to move the cursor at the beginning of the line.

Page up: - It is used to move the cursor one page up.

Page down: - It is used to move the cursor one page down.

Esc: - It is used to cancel any job function.

Num lock: - It is used to lock and unlock the numeric pad.

Alt + ctrl: - For special purposes only

Arrows: - There are 4arrow keys

Down arrow: - It is used to move the one line down

UP arrow: - it is used to move the one line up

Right: - It is used to move the cursor one character right

Left arrow: - It is used to move the cursor one character left.

Page 9
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

 How TO START THE COMPUTER IN MS-WINDOWS MODE?

 SWITCH on the electric(AC) power supply.
 Switch on the volt guard or UPS(uninterrupted power supply)
 Turn on the power switch of the CPU
 Turn on the power switch of the monitor
Just wait few minutes when computer display windows environment.

 HOW TO SHUTDOWN THE COMPUTER

 Save and close all the programs
 Click on start menu
 Click on Turn off computer
 Then you will see: -
o Stand by
o shut down
o re-start
 Click on Turn off

Just wait few minutes, your computer will automatically shutdown.

Some basic terms related to start button

 Start button: It is the especial button, is used to start almost all of the programs based on
the windows. When you click the start button, you will see a menu, which contains
everything you need to begin using windows.
 Program: It display a list of program's name and program group that can be directory
used
 Document: It displays a list of 15 files, which are recently created or opened.
 Setting: It displays a list of system component's, which lets you to change the
configuration as your requirement.
 Find: It provides online help
 Run: It helps to run any program by browsing the location and also used to setup any new
program.
 Shut down: It enables you to shutdown or restarts your computer
 Log off: It enables your close the multi user's desktop setting

Basic terms related to windows

 Desktop: It is the background area of windows on which windows on which windows, icon,
menu and dialog box appear.

Page 10
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

 Icon: Icon is the graphical presentation of the computer's items. Desktop icons are those
icons, which remains on the desktop.
 Taskbar: Taskbar is the grey horizontal line location at the bottom of the desktop with
start button and indicators. It is especially used for switching between opened programs
and folders.

Typing Skills:

The keyboard we use is QUERTY Keyboard. The figure is given below:

For simplicity on typing we accept the following rule: # (Left Hand __ Right Hand)

Number ~ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = \
Keys l r m i i i i i m m r r l l

Top Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ]
Keys l r m i i i i m r l l l

Home A S D F G H J K L ; '
Keys l r m i i i i m r l l

Bottom Z X C V B N M , . / \
Keys l r m i i i i m r l l

Here:

1. l = little finger 4. m = middle finger

2. r = right finger
3. i = index finger # space key is pressed by thumb
finger.
Page 11
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

 HOW TO ENTER INTO TYPING PROGRAM : TYPSHALA

Click on start button  Program  Typshala

or,
Click on start button  Run
& then type typeshala.exe on the box & press enter key.
or,
Double click on desktop icon of Typshala.
& typshala will appear like in figure below:

Now choose you key Tab (Home, Top, Bottom , All)

Also choose Level & language. ( Options  Fonts  Kantipur/Khaki…  Press Enter Key)

# If you want Free typing Then:

Click on Free button  Typing button

& Start Typing….!

Page 12
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

2. Desktop Setting & Control Panel:

For Desktop Setting:
Right Click on Desktop
Click on properties.
Or,
Start  Control Panel  Display
Then the following box will occur.

Here:
Themes: Changes the current theme on desktop
Desktop: Changes the wallpapers or fill color on
background of desktop
Screen Saver: Apply screen saver using photo slideshow,
text, flag, ribbons, etc.
Appearance: Just as Themes, but only changes the outlook
for windows & have more customizable option.
Setting: Using this features, resolution & refresh rate of
the monitor can be adjusted.

For Control Panel

On category view:

Changing keyboard setting:

Start  Control Panel  Keyboard

Changing Mouse Setting:

Start  Control Panel  Mouse

Changing Time & Date:

Start  Control Panel  date & Time

Page 13
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

 Organization files and folders:  Deleting the file or folder:

You can organize the files and folders by using Choose the file or folder
the My computer icon from the desktop. direct press delete from keyboard
click on yes, if confirmation is asked.
 Creating a new folder:
1. Double-click My computer and then  Renaming a file or folder:
double-click the disk drive or folder in which click the right mouse button on selected item
you want to place the new folder. click on rename & write a new name
2. On the file menu, Select New Folder press enter key.
or
right click on mouse --> new --> folder  Recycle bin:
3. Type the name of the folder and then press It consists of the deleted item for recovery.
enter We can restore the accidently deleted item
form recycle bin. Or we can delete
 Coping or moving a file or folder: permanently delete any file from recycle bin
select the item
click on edit --> click copy or move
open folder on which you want to copy the  Start button:
selected item Right click on taskbar
click --> edit --> paste  properties 
choose your option
from dialog box
Click on start tab for
changing the start
button interface.

3. Ms DOS
Ms DOS: Microsoft Disk operating System. It is a popular operating system developed by Microsoft
Corporation. It is an TUI (Text user Interface). All commands & correct syntax has to keep in mind & all are
in text form.
Some of the common commands are described below:

 dir: used to open & display any directory (folder)  c:\>dir

 time: displays current time  c:\>time
 date: displays today's date  c:\>date
 cls: makes the screen clear  c:\>cls
 copy: allows user to copy file in different location  c:\>copy aaa bbb or
c:\>copy aaa d:
Page 14
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

 del |erase: it delete the files  c:\>del aaa

 md: makes a new directory  c:\>md ram
 cd: change any folder to directory  c:\>cd ram
 rd: remove directory  c:\>rd ram
 ver: displays the version of MS-DOS  c:\>ver
 exit: close the DOS mode  c:\>exit

4. Ms. Paint:

 Starting System

1. Click on start button.

2. Choose program.
3. Choose accessories.
4. Choose paint and click on it,
or,
1. Click on start Button.
2. Click on Run.
3. Type Mspaint inside the box.
4. Click on Ok.

To show| hide Tools, Color box, Status bar:

1. Go to View menu.
2. Enable or disable required options by clicking at once.

Saving your work: To close and exit from Wordpad

After finishing your work, After finishing your work,
1. Go to file menu. 1. Go to file menu.
2. Click on save. 2. click on close.
Or, Direct press Ctrl + S key. Or, Direct press Alt + f4 key.
3. Then, click on yes, if you want to save and click on
No, if you don't want to save.
Page 15
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Go to image menu  stretch/skew  define needed

value  ok
To open the stored file:
1. Go to file menu.
2. Click on open, Direct press Ctrl + O key.
Then, Open dialog box will appear.  To set the bitmap as desktop
wallpaper:
3. Type the required file name at file name box or,
direct choose the required file, which you want to Go to file menu  click on Set as wallpaper  then
open.
selected bitmap will appear in your desktop.
4. Click on open.
 To edit color:

Go to option menu  choose edit color  choose the

To get new document: color  click on Ok.
1. Go to file menu.
 Print:
2. Click on new.
Go to file menu  print.
Or, Direct press Ctrl + N key.
Then, New dialog box will appear.
3. Choose required document type.
4. Click on ok.
 Importing existing image:

Go to edit menu  click on paste  paste from

dialog box  choose reqd. image file  open.

 To flip or rotate:

Select the reqd. figure  go to image menu  click

on flip/ rotate  give your option & click on Ok.

 To stretch or skew the image:

Page 16
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

5. WordPad

 To start WordPad:
1. Start  Programs  Accessories  WordPad
or,
2. Start  run  type WordPad & press enter.

 To show/hide Toolbar, format bar, ruler, status bar:

1. Go to view menu.
2. Put or remove the tick mark from required above items.

 To save the document first time:

1. Go to file menu.
2. Click on either or save As.
Or,
_direct click on save icon on Toolbar.
Or,
_ Direct press Ctrl+ s key.
Then, save as dialog box will appear.
3. Give required file name.
4. Click on save.

 Methods for selecting the text:

1. One word = Double click any where inside the required word.
2. One paragraph = Triple click any where inside the required paragraph.
3. One line = single click just in front of required line.
4. Required text: Click the left mouse button either in initial or final point of the text and
drag it up to destination and release it.
5. Whole document = Press ctrl+A key. Or, go to edit menu and click on select all.

 Deleting required text:

1. First select required text.
Page 17
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

2. Then press either Delete or, Backspace key.

 Saving your work:

After finishing your work,
1. Go to file menu.
2. Click on save.
Or, Direct click on save icon on the toolbar.
Or, Direct press Ctrl + S key.

 To close and exit from WordPad

After finishing your work,
1. Go to file menu.
2. Click on close.
Or, Direct click on close button of the program.
Or, Direct press Alt + f4 key.
3. Then, click on yes, if you want to save and click on No, if you don't want to save.

 To open the stored file:

1. Go to file menu.
2. Click on open button at toolbar (Standard toolbar) Or, Direct press Ctrl + O key.
Then, Open dialog box will appear.
3. Type the required file name at file name box or, direct choose the required file, which
you want to open.
4. Click on open.

 To get new document:

1. Go to file menu.
2. Click on new.
Or, direct click on new button at standard toolbar.
Or, Direct press Ctrl + N key.
Then, new dialog box will appear.
3. Choose required document type (either Word 6 document or Rich text document or,
text document).
4. Click on ok.

 Changing Font ,Size and Font color:

1. First select required text.
2. Then click on dropdown arrow of Font size and Font color tool on the format bar.
3. Select required font, size, and Color from the dropdown list.
Or,

Page 18
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

1. Select the required text.

2. Go to Format menu.
3. Click on font.
Then Font dialog box appear:
4. Choose required font, font size and font color.
5. Click on ok.

 To change the text appearance/style:

1. First select the required text.
2. Then direct click on B, I, U icon on the format bar as per required.
Or,
3. Direct press:
Ctrl + B= bold, Ctrl+ I =Italic, Ctrl +U = Underline
Or,
1. Go to Format menu.
2. Click on Font.
3. Choose Bold, Italic, Bold & Italic as per required.
4. But, in case of Underline, put the tick mark on Underline.
5. Click on Ok

 Undo/redo
1. Click on edit --> undo (to remove changes)
2. Click on edit --> redo (to attain changes)

 Alignment:
Alignment is a position of text on a paper. There are 3 types of alignment in WordPad.
1. Left Alignment.
2. Center Alignment.
3. Right Alignment.

Methods:
1. Select the required text.
2. Direct click on alignment icon on format bar.
Or,
Ctrl+ L= for Left Alignment
Ctrl+ E= for Centre Alignment
Ctrl+ R= for Right Alignment
Or,
1. Go to Format menu
2. Click on paragraph.

Page 19
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

3. Click on dropdown arrow of alignment.

4. Choose required one.
5. Click on Ok.

 Replacing text:
1. Go to Edit menu.
2. Click on replace
Or, direct press Ctrl+H key.
3. Then type the required word, which you want you want to replace at find what box.
4. Click on replace all.

 Inserting Current date & time

1. Click on insert
2. click on date & time

 cut/copy & paste

1. select the item to be copy or cut.
2. click on edit
3. click on cut or copy for the selected item
if you want to paste that item, then click to paste from edit

 To print documents:
1. click on file
2. click on print
3. choose your printer & then click on print.

 some useful shortcuts:

ctrl+N open new document
ctrl+O open saved documents
ctrl+S save the current documents
ctrl+C copy the selected item
ctrl+X cut the selected item
ctrl+V paste the selected item
ctrl+Z undo changes
ctrl+Y redo changes
ctrl+P print documents

Page 20
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

6. Accessories & Multimedia:

Media Player:
Click on start button Program  Accessories 
Multimedia  Media player
Go to file menu  open  browse  choose CD
or any drive to choose reqd. media files to play.
Click on open  ok

Calculator:
Click on start button  Program  Accessories 
Calculator

Recording Sound:

Click on start button  Program  Accessories 

Multimedia  Sound recorder

C) Internet & E-mail:

(We will go practically along every section individually.)

1. Some Basic Terminology:

o http: hypertext markup language
o www: world wide web
o Kbps: Kilobyte per second
o Mbps: Megabyte per second
o Server: main computer in the network
o Client: sub-computer that are networked to server.
o E-mail: electronic mail

Internet is the world's largest network in the world

that has made the communication easy around entire globe. Now days, internet is so popular that
it becomes basic need of human beings. It can be used not only in PC but in some of the mobile

Page 21
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

phones, ITV, digital vehicles, etc. We all peoples can share our ideas around this whole planet &
also get the news & information more accurate & fast. Some of the common features of Internet
are: Sending & Receiving mails, Listen radio, watch video & TV programs, Chat with anybody
around world, Education , Entertainment & Games, News & many more…

For internet surfing we need a PC or mobile, modem, cable line & Internet browser
software.

To access internet we need some browsers such as Internet Explorer (IE), Opera, Firefox, K-melon,
etc. However Internet Explorer & Firefox are the most used browsers in the world. To open any
website:

Click on start  Programs  Internet Explorer

Type address of webpage on the Address bar & press enter.

 E-Mail is the most widely used futures on the Internet. You can exchange any massage with
people around the world by using e-mail. Even with the multimedia excitement of the wed,
electronic mail is the most frequently used application of the internet. Many people who
have access to the internet at school, and work, use the internet for no other purpose then
to send and receive email.

An example of webpage:

Page 22
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

2. E-mail Account & its functions:

E-mail Account can be made by signing up with some e-mail service provider, a form is filled
& accept the agreement. We will study this section practically.

E-mail address:-
E-mail address is the location of individual's mail box on the internet. Email address consists of two
parts which is separated by @ (at the rate) symbol.

User name & Domain name

For ex. [email protected]

Features of e- mail
1. sending mail
2. Receiving mail
3. Forwarding mail
4. Storing mail
5. Deleting mail
6. Printing mail
# There are many free e-mail service providers such as: Yahoo.com, Gmail.com,
live.com, etc. The process of making e-mail account & differ according as the service
provider.

There are mainly four location of inside the e-mail account.

1. Inbox: it contains receiving mail

2. Outbox: when we send mail then it will store at outbox folder at first
3. send items: after sending mail offer connecting your computer to the internet then it will
store sent items folder
4. Deleted items: when we delete any unwanted mail them it will store at deleted items
folder.

3. Search engines:
These are the website that are loaded with each & every type of database in the main server. So
they makes our search fast & accurate. Some of the common ex. of search engines are: Google,
Yahoo, Bing, Ask, etc

Page 23
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

4. Surfing WebPages:
There is a list of most popular websites till date. Write these addresses on Address bar & watch.

www.yahoo.com
www.msn.com
www.facebook.com
www.ekantopur.com
www.ntc.net.np
www.jokesduniya.com
www.sms4masti.com
www.myspace.com
www.emajja.com
www.fursad.com
www.radiokantipur.com
www.bbc.co.uk
www.cybersansar.com
www.miniclip.com
www.time.com
www.chip.in
www.wikkipedia.com

Basics of social Networking site:

Social Networking sites are the most popular sites of today's world. Over 2,000,000,000 users use
these sites. We can make new friends, find old as well as new friends & also chat with them. And
the pictures & videos can also be uploaded so as to share them with this whole world.

e.g. facebook.com, myspace.com, hi5.com, orkut.com, bigadda.com, twitter.com, bloggers.com,

etc.

Page 24
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

D) Virus:

 Introduction:
 What is computer virus?
Virus is a program that has been coded to cause problems on someone else computer. Viruses may cause
data to be lost or corrupted. A virus is usually passed from computer on floppy disk or pen drive or internet.
Virus is defined as the program inserted into another program. It gets activated by its host program. It
replicates itself and spread to other.

 Some of the common virus activities are as follows:

 The computer may not boot
 The window may crash
 Data may automatically delete.
 The size & format of the file may change
 The computer becomes slow
 Computer perform wrong data & instructions

 How to save computer from Viruses:

 Computer must be kept in safe & clean place with optimum temperature
 Floppy disk or pen drive must be carefully used.
 A strong antivirus must be installed & update regularly using internet.
 Don't use others pen drive until you are sure that there is no virus.

 Antivirus Utilities:
There are many antiviruses like Avira, Norton, Kaspersky, K7, Panda, Avast, etc.
# Their way of usage is different according to different version & product. So we
go on practically.

Page 25
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

MS-Word
Application File Name: winword.exe

Extension Name: doc

Introduction

Ms-Word is an advanced word processing program, developed by Microsoft Corporation

USA. It is a family member of Ms-Office group. With the help of this program we can create
any type of documents report, thesis, designing & news paper etc.

It also save the document for future use with revision facility.

 How to load Ms-Word?

Click on start menu
Choose program
Click on Ms-Word

File Menu
New ( Ctrl+N) :- To create a new blank document.

Go to file menu
Click on new command
Click on blank document

Open( Ctrl+O) :- To open saved file.

Go to file menu
Click on open button

Then display small dialog box.

Choose required file

Click on open button

Page 26
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Save( Ctrl+S) :- To save current document for future use,

Go to file menu
Click on save command

Then display small dialog box,

Type file name

Click on save button

Save as command :- To change file name & its location

Go to file menu
Click on save as
Choose target location to change file position
Type another name to change file name
Click on save button.

Page Setup :- To fixed pages properties.

Go to file menu
Click on page setup

Then display page setup dialog box,

Choose margin & fixed page margin

Choose paper size
When finish page setting, click on Ok

Close (Alt+F4):- This command is used to close opened file.

Go to file menu
Click on close

Print (Ctrl+P):- This command is used to print document on paper by the help of printer.

Page 27
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

At first ready your document

Keep paper inside the printer
Go to file menu
Click on printer
Choose printer
Choose no of copies
Choose pages
Click on print button.

Edit Menu

Undo(Ctrl+z) :- To cancel some recently working document.

Go to edit menu
Click on Undo

Cut(Ctrl+X) :- To create original clipboard from selected text & objects.

Select text or object
Go to edit menu
Click on cut command

Copy( Ctrl+C) :- To create duplicate clipboard from selected text.

Select text or object

Go to edit menu
Click on copy

Paste( Ctrl+V) :- This command is used to Paste Clipboard in particular

place.

Keep the cursor in required place

Go to edit menu
Click on paste command

Page 28
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Special Paste :- In this command we can paste special effect.

Select required text
Go to edit menu, Click on Cut or copy command
Again Go to edit menu
Click on paste special
Choose any option (Picture)
Click on ok

Replace: - Using this command we can replace required text in selected place.
Go to edit menu
Click on replace command
Type target text in find what criteria.
Also type required text in replace criteria
Click on replace button

View Menu

Page Number: - This command allows adding page number on the document.
Go to insert menu
Click on page number
Choose position of page for page number
Click on OK

Date & Time :- This command is used to insert current date & time on the document.
Go to insert menu
Click on Date & Time
Choose any format
Click on OK

Auto Text :- Using this command we can add automatic text set in the document.

Go to insert menu
Click on auto text
Choose any required text
Page 29
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Symbol :- This command is apply to insert symbolic text from symbolic page.
Keep cursor in required place
Go to insert menu
Click on symbol
Choose any required symbol
Click on insert button
Click on close button

Picture :- Using this command we can insert different type of picture.

Go to insert menu
Click on picture
Choose any option which you want
If choose from file, computer display dialog box with picture file
Choose required picture file Click on insert button

File :- To insert another file in the current document

Keep the cursor in required place
Go to insert menu
Click on file, then display dialog box
Choose required file
Click on insert button

Format Menu

Font :- Using this command we can change font size, style & font effects.
Select your text
Go to format menu
Click on font

Then display font dialog box,

Choose any one option what you want

Click on OK

Page 30
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Bullets & Numbers :- To format our selected text with bulleting & numbering.
Select required text
Go to format menu
Click on format menu
Click on bullet & numbers
Choose any bullets
Click on OK

Border & Shading :- This option is used to applying borders in the pages.
Go to format menu
Click on borders and shading command
Choose page border tab
Choose any border
Click on OK

Columns :- Using this command we can divide our document page into column wise.
Select your page
Go to format menu
Click on columns command

Then display small dialog box,

Choose column number

click on OK

Change Case :- Using this option we can change our document in different case.
Select your text line
Go to format menu
Click on change case
Choose any one case
Click on OK

Background :- This command is used to change background color of pages.

Page 31
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Go to format menu
Click on background
Choose any color

Tools Menu

Spelling & Grammar :- This command is used to check spelling error & grammar.
Go to tools menu
Click on spelling & grammar command

Then display dialog box

Choose right word

Click on change button

Word Count:-This command is used to counting word of documents.

Select required text
Go to tools menu
Click on word count

Then display dialog with result.

Protect Document: - Using this command we con not modify file only read documents.
Go to tools menu
Click on protect document
Then display dialog box.
Click on forms
Type password, Click on OK
Again type same password
Click on OK

Latter & Mailing: - In this command we can easily join particular letter in different
address.

At first type your letter

Go to tool menu
Click on letter & mailing & choose mail merge wizard

Page 32
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Select letter option & click on next

Choose “ Use the current document” & click on next
Choose “Typing a new list”
Click on create…

Then display “new address list” dialog box,

Click on OK
Type required address
Click on customize button & fixed address list
Click on OK
Type required address
Click on new button to entry more address
Click on close button
Type name to save address list
Click on save button
Click on OK

Then display letter & mailing toolbars

Click on ^^^^ “ Insert merge field icon”

Choose field, Click on insert button
Click on close button
Click on ^^^^merge to new document tool icon

Table Menu

Draw Table :- Using this command we can draw require table.

Go to table menu
Click on draw table
Now drawing your image by using toolbars.

Insert: - This command is used to insert defined table in the document.

Go to table menu
Click on insert
Click on table

Page 33
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Then display small dialog box,

Define number of row & column

Click on ok.

Delete: - This command is used to remove table from document.

Select table
Go to table menu
Click on delete
Choose table

Merge cells: - This command is used to join two or more cells each other.
Select required cells
Go to table menu
Click on merge cells

Formula: - This command is used to apply formula on the calculation.

Keep the cursor, where you want
Go to table menu
Click on formula
Choose required formula
Click on OK

**************************MS-WORD END**************************

Page 34
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

MS-Power point
Application File Name: Powerpnt.exe

Extension Name: .ppt

Introduction:
Ms-Power point is the presentation package. This application software is developed
by Microsoft Corporation. It is used to make slideshow, design, & formatting, set animation,
sound in particular slide.

This is mostly use in display project overview, display program on monitor or

projector.

How to open Power Point?

Go to start menu
Choose program
Click on power point
 How to create slide?
Click on slide
Type required text

 How to create duplicate slide?

Select slide
Go to Insert menu
Click on duplicate slide
 How to remove slide from presentation?
Select slide which you want to remove
Go to edit menu
Click on delete slide
 How to remove slide object?
Select slide
Go to edit menu
Click on clear
 How to arrange slides?
Go to view menu
Page 35
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Click on slide sorter

This display slide sorter window,

Hold mouse & drag up to target place.

 How to display slide in full screen?
Go to view menu
Click on slide show
 How to change slide color?
Select slide
Click on color/grayscale
Choose any color style
 How to show/ hide line from slide?
Go to view menu
Click on grid & guides
Select display grid on screen
Click on OK
 How to add new slide in the presentation?
Go to insert menu
Click on new slide
 How to add slide number?
Go to insert menu
click on slide number
Select slide number
Click on apply button
 How to insert slide from another file?
Go to insert menu
Click on slide from file
Choose require file
Click on insert button
 How to insert movies & sounds slide in current slide?
Go to insert menu
Click on movies & sounds
Choose movies from file
Choose any one movies file
Click on OK
 How to Change slide design?

Page 36
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Go to format menu
Click on slide design
Choose any design
 How to change slide layout?
Select required slide
Go to format menu
Click on slide layout
Choose any one layout what you want.
 How to change slide background color?
Select slide
Go to format menu
Click on background
Choose any color what you want.
 How to displaying presentation with continuous?
Go to slide show menu
Click on setup show

Then display setup show dialog box,

Choose Loop continuously until ‘Esc’

Click on OK
 How to add custom animation in the slide object?
Select object or text
Go to slide show menu
Click on custom animation
Click on custom animation
Click on add effect button
Choose any option(entrance, emphasis…)
Choose any one effects
 How to add effect when slide transition?
Select slide menu
Click on slide transition
Choose any one effect Speed, sound & select automatically after

*********************MS-POWER POINT END********************

Page 37
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

MS-Excel
Application file name: excel.exe

Extension Name: xls

Introduction
Ms- Excel is one of the DBMS Software. It manipulates and manages the
database in very well manner. It provides the sophisticated tool for calculating,
projecting and analyzing numeric data & presenting the result in professional quality
documents & chart.

Excel, for that matter any spreadsheet essentially comprises of row & column.
Inter section of row & column is called cell.

Work Book: - A work book is the main document of excel. By default a work-book has
three work-sheet, we can add more work-sheets.

Work sheet:-A work-sheet is the working document of excel. It has an electronic sheet
where calculation & operation are performed. The worksheet has 256 column & 65536
rows.

How to load Ms-Excel

Go to start menu
Click on program
Click on Microsoft Excel

To setting print area

Select required cell range
Go to file menu
Click on print area
Click on set print area
Click on clear print area to remove print area

Page 38
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

To remove sheets element.

Select required cell range
Go to edit menu
Click on clear

Then display dialog box,

Choose all to remove whole element

Choose formats to remove formatting effect
Choose Comments to remove comment text.

To Delete Cell.
Keep cell pointer in target cell
Go to edit menu
Click on delete
Choose any
one option what your requirement

To Jump defined place of sheet.

Go to edit menu
Click on Go to command
Type particular address
Click on OK

To Show page with page effect.

Go to view menu
Click on page break preview

Formula Bar :- To show/hide formula bar from screen

Go to view menu
Click on formula bar

Comment :- To show/hide comments from sheet.

Page 39
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Go to view menu
Click on comment

Custom View :- This command is used to define particular cell range.

Select required cell range
Go to view menu
Click on Custom view
Click on add button
Type required name
Click on OK

Fill :- This command is used to fill data, value, contents of sheet.

Select required cell from target cell
Go to edit menu
Click on fill, then appear small dialog box
Choose series
Type the starting or stop value
Click on OK

Clear :- This command is used to remove particular effect, value from selector cell.
Select cell range
Go to edit menu
Click on clear
Choose all to remove whole data from cell
Choose format to remove only formatting effect
After define effect click on OK

Delete :- Remove selected cell from sheet.

Keep the cursor in particular cell
Go to edit menu
Click on delete
Choose any one option what you want
Click on OK

Page 40
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Delete Sheet :- Using this command you can remove selected sheet from work book.
Select Sheet
Go to edit menu
Click on delete sheet

Move or Copy sheet :- This command allows changing sheet position & creating
Duplicate sheet.

Select sheet
Go to edit menu
Click on move or copy sheet

Then display a dialog box,

Choose Sheet & its location

Click on OK

INSERT MENU

Cells :- To add cell in the work sheet.

Keep the cell pointer in required place
Go to insert menu
Click on cells
Then display dialog box,
Choose any one option

Rows :- To insert row in the work-sheet.

Select row where you wanton add cell
Go to insert menu
Click on rows

Columns :- To add column in particular place of sheet

Select column

Page 41
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Go to insert menu
Click on column

Work-Sheet :-This option allows inserting more worksheet in the work book.
Go to insert menu
Click on work-sheet

Chart :- Using this command you can insert different type of chart depending upon data
Prepare data select it
Click on insert menu
Click on chart, then display dialog box
Choose any chart format
Click on next tab
Click on series tab & define series name
Choose axis tab & define grid line
Click on finish

Function :- This option allow you to apply formula in your calculation.

Keep the cell pointer in required place
Go to insert menu
Click on function
Choose any types of formula
Select required formula
Click on OK

Comment :- This command is used to add comments about particular cell object.
Keep the cell pointer in required place
Go to insert menu
click on comment
Type required text.
Click outside the box.

Page 42
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

FORMAT MENU

Cells:- I helps to change cells format & also change font, font color, border, number
format, alignment of the cell.

Go to format menu
Click on cell
Choose number tab & select any one number format
Choose alignment tab & select alignment
After finishing format click on OK

Rows :- Using this command we can change rows height, hide/unhide row
Keep the cell pointer
Go to format menu
Click on rows
Choose height to determine row height
Click on OK

Column :- This command helps to determine the column width, Auto fit, hide/unhide &
also fixed standard width.

Go to format menu
Click on column
Choose any one option
Choose its value
Click on Ok

Sheet :- It helps to change sheet name, hide/unhide sheet, define sheet, and define
background color.

Go to format menu
Click on sheet
Choose rename & type its name
Choose background to change background effect
Click on OK

Auto Format :- This option is used to apply automatic style in to the required sheet.

Page 43
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Prepare data & select it

Go to format menu
Click on auto format, then appear dialog box with different style
Choose any one style
Click on OK

Conditional Formatting :- This option is used to set data in selected condition format.

Fill data & select it

go to format menu

Click on conditional format

Choose any condition as you like
Click on format option
Choose any format
Click on OK
Click on OK, & then appear data in selected format

TOOL MENU

Spelling :- This command is used to check spelling of work-sheet.

Keep the cell pointer in the beginning of the cell
Go to tool menu
Click on spelling, then display spelling dialog box
Choose any correct word & Click on change button
After finishing checking spelling click on OK.

Protecion :-

 Protect Sheet :- This option is used to secured work-sheet. In this mode Excel
cannot allow modifying document.
Go to tools menu
Click on protection
Click on protect sheet
Type password for protect sheet
Retype same password to conform password
Click on OK
Page 44
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

 Protect Work-book :- Using this command we can protect a work-books structure

& window. In this mode excel cannot allows to delete sheet, rename sheet & insert.
Go to tools menu
Click on protection
Click on protect work –sheet
Type password to protect work –book
Retype same password to conform password
Click on Ok

Goal Seeks :- Goal seek command allows to adjust the value in a specific cell until the
formula that is dependent on that cell reaches a target value.

Keep the cell pointer on the result where must be apply formulas
Go to tools menu
Click on goal seek
Type target value on ‘to value’ criteria
Type cell name which value you want to change on ‘by changing cell’
Click on OK

Formula Auditing :- It helps to auditing the required cell where must be apply formula.
Place cell pointer where formula apply
Go to tools menu
Click on auditing, then display small dialog box
Choose trace precedents, then show arrow key up to formula
Choose trace dependents, then show arrow key up to first value cell
Click on remove arrow to clear arrow

Data Menu

Sort :- This is used to arrange data in ascending or descending order in the selected column
of the work-sheet.

Select required data

Go to data menu
Click on sort, then display sort dialog box
Choose column & select order
Click on OK
Page 45
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Filter :- Using this command we can display only defined data of the column.
Select required cell range
Go to data menu
Click on filter & select auto filter

Then appear drop down arrow on the selected top of the row

Click on ^^ arrow & choose required value.

Form :- Using this command we can convert selected table data in to form. We can also fill
data & delete other unnecessary data.

Select require data

Go to data menu
Click on form, then display data on form
Now fill your data
Click on close

WINDOWS MENU

Split :- This command is used to break windows in to two or more parts. Split command
allows working easy in to the large sheet at a time.

Select entire row where you want to break window

Go to window menu
Click on split
Then display sheet in to two window
If you want to remove splitting window click on remove split window.

Freezing Window :- This command is used to fix(unmovable) of the some rows &
columns of work-sheet. In this mode we can fill data in large table with easily.

Keep the cell pointer where you want to freeze sheet

Go to window menu
Click on freezing window
If you want to remove this effect, click on unfreeze panes.

Page 46
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36015115

Some Mathematical Operations

1. * (asterisk) :- Used for Multiplication

2. /(slash) :- Used for division
3. +(plus) :- Used for addition
4. –(minus) :- Used for subtraction
5. >(greater than :- Used for compression
6. ∑(Summation) :- Auto sum.

***********************MS-EXCEL END*********************

Best of Luck!

Page 47
RACE COMPUTER INSTITUTE (RCI): 3 Month Computer Basic Course

Downloaded by manoj saw ([email protected])