Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 2e (Tro)

Chapter 6 Thermochemistry

1) Energy that is associated with the position or composition of an object is called

A) kinetic energy
B) thermal energy
C) potential energy
D) chemical energy
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.2

2) Which of the following signs on q and w represent a system that is doing work on the surroundings,
as well as losing heat to the surroundings?
A) q = - , w = -
B) q = +, w = +
C) q = -, w = +
D) q = +, w = -
E) None of these represent the system referenced above.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

3) Which of the following signs on q and w represent a system that is doing work on the surroundings,
as well as gaining heat from the surroundings?
A) q = +, w = -
B) q = -, w = +
C) q = +, w = +
D) q = -, w = -
E) None of these represent the system referenced above.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

4) Which of the following is TRUE if ΔEsys = -95 J?

A) The system is gaining 95 J, while the surroundings are losing 95 J.
B) The system is losing 95 J, while the surroundings are gaining 95 J.
C) Both the system and the surroundings are gaining 95 J.
D) Both the system and the surroundings are losing 95 J.
E) None of the above are true.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

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5) Calculate the change internal energy (ΔE) for a system that is giving off 45.0 kJ of heat and is
performing 855 J of work on the surroundings.
A) 44.1 kJ
B) -44.1 kJ
C) -45.9 kJ
D) 9.00 x 102 kJ
E) -9.00 x 102 kJ
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

6) For ΔEsys to always be -, what must be true?

A) q = w
B) +q > -w
C) +w > -q
D) -w > +q
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.3

7) Calculate the change in internal energy (ΔE) for a system that is giving off 25.0 kJ of heat and is
changing from 12.00 L to 6.00 L in volume at 1.50 atm pressure. (Remember that 101.3 J = 1 L∙atm)
A) +25.9 kJ
B) -16.0 kJ
C) -25.9 kJ
D) -24.1 kJ
E) 937 kJ
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

8) Calculate the change in internal energy (ΔE) for a system that is absorbing 35.8 kJ of heat and is
expanding from 8.00 to 24.0 L in volume at 1.00 atm. (Remember that 101.3 J = 1 L∙atm)
A) +51.8 kJ
B) -15.8 kJ
C) -16.6 kJ
D) -29.3 kJ
E) +34.2 kJ
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

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9) A piece of iron (C=0.449 J/g°C) and a piece of gold (C=0.128 J/g°C) have identical masses. If the
iron has an initial temperature of 498 K and the gold has an initial temperature of 298 K, which of the
following statements is TRUE of the outcome when the two metals are placed in contact with one
another? Assume no heat is lost to the surroundings.
A) Since the two metals have the same mass, the final temperature of the two metals will be 398 K,
exactly half way in between the two initial temperatures.
B) Since the two metals have the same mass, but the specific heat capacity of gold is much smaller than
that of iron, the final temperature of the two metals will be closer to 298 K than to 498 K.
C) Since the two metals have the same mass, the thermal energy contained in the iron and gold after
reaching thermal equilibrium will be the same.
D) Since the two metals have the same mass, but the specific heat capacity of iron is much greater than
that of gold, the final temperature of the two metals will be closer to 498 K than to 298 K.
E) None of the above are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.4

10) Which of the following substances (with specific heat capacity provided) would show the greatest
temperature change upon absorbing 100.0 J of heat?
A) 10.0 g Ag, CAg = 0.235 J/g°C
B) 10.0 g H2O, CH2O = 4.18 J/g°C
C) 10.0 g ethanol, Cethanol = 2.42 J/g°C
D) 10.0 g Fe, CFe = 0.449 J/g°C
E) 10.0 g Au, CAu = 0.128 J/g°C
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

11) Which of the following (with specific heat capacity provided) would show the smallest temperature
change upon gaining 200.0 J of heat?
A) 50.0 g Al, CAl = 0.903 J/g°C
B) 50.0 g Cu, CCu = 0.385 J/g°C
C) 25.0 g granite, Cgranite = 0.79 J/g°C
D) 25.0 g Au, CAu = 0.128 J/g°C
E) 25.0 g Ag, CAg = 0.235 J/g°C
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

12) Calculate the amount of heat (in kJ) required to raise the temperature of a 79.0 g sample of ethanol
from 298.0 K to 385.0 K. The specific heat capacity of ethanol is 2.42 J/g°C.
A) 57.0 kJ
B) 16.6 kJ
C) 73.6 kJ
D) 28.4 kJ
E) 12.9 kJ
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

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13) Calculate the amount of heat (in kJ) necessary to raise the temperature of 47.8 g benzene by 57.0 K.
The specific heat capacity of benzene is 1.05 J/g°C
A) 1.61 kJ
B) 16.6 kJ
C) 2.59 kJ
D) 2.86 kJ
E) 3.85 kJ
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

14) Determine the specific heat capacity of an alloy that requires 59.3 kJ to raise the temperature of
150.0 g alloy from 298 K to 398 K.
A) 4.38 J/g°C
B) 2.29 J/g°C
C) 3.95 J/g°C
D) 2.53 J/g°C
E) 1.87 J/g°C
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

15) A sample of copper absorbs 43.6 kJ of heat, resulting in a temperature rise of 75.0 °C, determine the
mass (in kg) of the copper sample if the specific heat capacity of copper is 0.385 J/g°C.
A) 1.51 kg
B) 6.62 kg
C) 1.26 kg
D) 7.94 kg
E) 3.64 kg
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

16) A sample of 5.23 kg of aluminum absorbs heat, which raises the temperature 50.0°C. Determine the
amount of heat absorbed, in kJ, if the specific heat capacity of aluminum is 0.903 J/g°C.
A) 0.0405 kJ
B) 290 kJ
C) 236 kJ
D) 8.60 kJ
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

17) Determine the final temperature of a gold nugget (mass = 376 g) that starts at 398 K and loses 4.85
kJ of heat to a snowbank when it is lost. The specific heat capacity of gold is 0.128 J/g°C.
A) 133 K
B) 398 K
C) 187 K
D) 297 K
E) 377 K
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

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18) A 6.55 g sample of aniline (C6H5NH2, molar mass = 93.13 g/mol) was combusted in a bomb
calorimeter. If the temperature rose by 32.9°C, use the information below to determine the heat capacity
of the calorimeter.

4 C6H5NH2(l) + 35 O2(g) → 24 CO2(g) + 14 H2O(g) + 4 NO2(g)

ΔH°rxn= -1.28 x 104 kJ

A) 97.3 kJ/°C
B) 38.9 kJ/°C
C) 5.94 kJ/°C
D) 6.84 kJ/°C
E) 12.8 kJ/°C
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.5

19) A 21.8 g sample of ethanol (C2H5OH) is burned in a bomb calorimeter, according to the following
reaction. If the temperature rises from 25.0 to 62.3°C, determine the heat capacity of the calorimeter.
The molar mass of ethanol is 46.07 g/mol.

C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = -1235 kJ

A) 4.99 kJ/°C
B) 5.65 kJ/°C
C) 63.7 kJ/°C
D) 33.1 kJ/°C
E) 15.7 kJ/°C
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.5

20) A 4.98 g sample of aniline (C6H5NH2, molar mass = 93.13 g/mol) was combusted in a bomb
calorimeter with a heat capacity of 4.25 kJ/°C. If the temperature rose from 29.5°C to 69.8°C,
determine the value of ΔH°comb for aniline.
A) +7.81 × 103 kJ/mol
B) -3.20 × 103 kJ/mol
C) +1.71 × 103 kJ/mol
D) -1.71 × 103 kJ/mol
E) -7.81 × 103 kJ/mol
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5

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21) The temperature rises from 25.00 °C to 29.00 °C in a bomb calorimeter when 3.50 g of sucrose
undergoes combustion in a bomb calorimeter. Calculate ΔErxn for the combustion of sucrose in kJ/mol
sucrose. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 4.90 kJ/°C . The molar mass of sugar is 342.3 g/mol.
A) - 1.92 x 103 kJ/mole
B) 1.92 x 103 kJ/mole
C) - 1.23 x 103 kJ/mole
D) 2.35 x 104 kJ/mole
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5

22) A 12.8 g sample of ethanol (C2H5OH) is burned in a bomb calorimeter with a heat capacity of 5.65
kJ/°C. Using the information below, determine the final temperature of the calorimeter if the initial
temperature is 25.0°C. The molar mass of ethanol is 46.07 g/mol.

C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = -1235 kJ

A) 53.4°C
B) 28.1°C
C) 111°C
D) 85.7 °C
E) 74.2°C
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5

23) A 35.6 g sample of ethanol (C2H5OH) is burned in a bomb calorimeter, according to the following
reaction. If the temperature rose from 35.0 to 76.0°C and the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 23.3
kJ/°C, what is the value of ΔH°rxn? The molar mass of ethanol is 46.07 g/mol.

C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = ?

A) -1.24 × 103 kJ/mol

B) +1.24 × 103 kJ/mol
C) -8.09 × 103 kJ/mol
D) -9.55 × 103 kJ/mol
E) +9.55 × 103 kJ/mol
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5

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24) A 6.55 g sample of aniline (C6H5NH2, molar mass = 93.13 g/mol) was combusted in a bomb
calorimeter with a heat capacity of 14.25 kJ/°C. If the initial temperature was 32.9°C, use the
information below to determine the value of the final temperature of the calorimeter.

4 C6H5NH2(l) + 35 O2(g) → 24 CO2(g) + 14 H2O(g) + 4 NO2(g)

ΔH°rxn= -1.28 x 104 kJ

A) 257°C
B) 46.6 °C
C) 48.7°C
D) 41.9°C
E) 931°C
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5

25) Given w = 0, an endothermic reaction has the following.

A) +ΔH and -ΔE
B) - ΔH and +ΔE
C) + ΔH and +ΔE
D) - ΔH and -ΔE
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

26) Which of the following processes is endothermic?

A) The freezing of water.
B) The combustion of propane.
C) A hot cup of coffee (system) cools on a countertop
D) The chemical reaction in a "hot pack" often used to treat sore muscles.
E) The vaporization of rubbing alcohol.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

27) An exothermic reaction has

A) has a negative ΔH and absorbs heat from the surroundings. An exothermic reaction feels warm to the
touch .
B) has a positive ΔH and absorbs heat from the surroundings. An exothermic reaction feels warm to the
touch .
C) has a positive ΔH and gives off heat to the surroundings. An exothermic reaction feels warm to the
touch.
D) has a negative ΔH and gives off heat to the surroundings. An exothermic reaction feels warm to the
touch.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

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28) Which of the following processes is exothermic?
A) The formation of dew in the morning.
B) The melting of ice.
C) The chemical reaction in a "cold pack" often used to treat injuries.
D) The vaporization of water
E) None of the above are exothermic.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

29) Which of the following processes is endothermic?

A) An atom emits a photon.
B) The condensation of water.
C) An atom absorbs a photon.
D) The electron affinity of a fluorine atom.
E) None of the above processes are endothermic.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

30) What is the minimum energy required to decompose 765 g of PCl3, according to the reaction below?
The molar mass of PCl3 is 137.32 g/mol and may be useful.

4 PCl3(g) → P4(s) + 6 Cl2(g) ΔH°rxn = +1207 kJ

A) 2.31 × 103 kJ
B) 4.33 × 103 kJ
C) 6.72 × 103 kJ
D) 1.68 × 103 kJ
E) 5.95 × 103 kJ
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

31) How much energy is evolved during the reaction of 48.7 g of Al, according to the reaction below?
Assume that there is excess Fe2O3.

Fe2O3(s) + 2 Al(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2 Fe(s) ΔH°rxn = -852 kJ

A) 415 kJ
B) 207 kJ
C) 241 kJ
D) 130 kJ
E) 769 kJ
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

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32) How much energy is evolved during the formation of 98.7 g of Fe, according to the reaction below?

Fe2O3(s) + 2 Al(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2 Fe(s) ΔH°rxn = -852 kJ

A) 753 kJ
B) 1.51 x 103 kJ
C) 4.20 x 103 kJ
D) 482 kJ
E) 241 kJ
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

33) According to the following reaction, how much energy is required to decompose 55.0 kg of Fe3O4?
The molar mass of Fe3O4 is 231.55 g/mol.

Fe3O4(s) → 3 Fe(s) + 2 O2(g) ΔH°rxn = +1118 kJ

A) 1.10 × 106 kJ
B) 2.38 × 102 kJ
C) 2.66 × 105 kJ
D) 1.12 × 103 kJ
E) 3.44 × 104 kJ
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

34) Using the following thermochemical equation, determine the amount of heat produced per kg of
CO2 formed during the combustion of benzene (C6H6).

2 C6H6(l) + 15 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = -6278 kJ

A) 1.43 × 105 kJ/kg CO2

B) 2.30 × 104 kJ/kg CO2
C) 4.34 × 104 kJ/kg CO2
D) 1.19 × 104 kJ/kg CO2
E) 8.40 × 105 kJ/kg CO2
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

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35) What volume of benzene (C6H6, d= 0.88 g/mL, molar mass = 78.11 g/mol) is required to produce
1.5 x 103 kJ of heat according to the following reaction?

2 C6H6(l) + 15 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = -6278 kJ

A) 75 mL
B) 37 mL
C) 21 mL
D) 19 mL
E) 42 mL
Answer: E
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 6.6

36) Using the following equation for the combustion of octane, calculate the heat of reaction for 100.0 g
of octane. The molar mass of octane is 114.33 g/mole.

2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O ΔH°rxn = -11018 kJ

A) -4.82 x 103 kJ
B) -4.82 kJ
C) -9.64 x 103 kJ
D) -1.26 x 104 kJ
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

37) According to the following reaction, how much energy is evolved during the reaction of 32.5 g
B2H6 and 72.5 g Cl2? The molar mass of B2H6 is 27.67 g/mol.

B2H6(g) + 6 Cl2(g) → 2 BCl3(g) + 6 HCl(g) ΔH°rxn = -1396 kJ

A) 1640 kJ
B) 238 kJ
C) 1430 kJ
D) 3070 kJ
E) 429 kJ
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

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38) According to the following reaction, how much energy is evolved during the reaction of 2.50 L
B2H6 and 5.65 L Cl2 (Both gases are initially at STP)? The molar mass of B2H6 is 27.67 g/mol.

B2H6(g) + 6 Cl2(g) → 2 BCl3(g) + 6 HCl(g) ΔH°rxn = -1396 kJ

A) 58.7 kJ
B) 156 kJ
C) 215 kJ
D) 352 kJ
E) 508 kJ
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

39) According to the following thermochemical equation, what mass of HF (in g) must react in order to
produce 345 kJ of energy? Assume excess SiO2.

SiO2(s) + 4 HF(g) → SiF4(g) + 2 H2O(l) ΔH°rxn = -184 kJ

A) 42.7 g
B) 37.5 g
C) 150. g
D) 107 g
E) 173 g
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

40) According to the following thermochemical equation, what mass of H2O (in g) must form in order
to produce 975 kJ of energy?

SiO2(s) + 4 HF(g) → SiF4(g) + 2 H2O(l) ΔH°rxn = -184 kJ

A) 68.0 g
B) 102 g
C) 54.1 g
D) 191 g
E) 95.5 g
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

41) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) State functions do not depend on the path taken to arrive at a particular state.
B) DErxn can be determined using constant volume calorimetry.
C) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, excluding nuclear reactions.
D) ΔHrxn can be determined using constant pressure calorimetry.
E) All of the above are true.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6
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42) Two aqueous solutions are both at room temperature and are then mixed in a coffee cup calorimeter.
The reaction causes the temperature of the resulting solution to fall below room temperature. Which of
the following statements is TRUE?
A) The products have a lower potential energy than the reactants.
B) This type of experiment will provide data to calculate ΔErxn.
C) The reaction is exothermic.
D) Energy is leaving the system during reaction.
E) None of the above statements are true.
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.7

43) A piece of iron (mass = 25.0 g) at 398 K is placed in a styrofoam coffee cup containing 25.0 mL of
water at 298 K. Assuming that no heat is lost to the cup or the surroundings, what will the final
temperature of the water be? The specific heat capacity of iron = 0.449 J/g°C and water = 4.18 J/g°C.
A) 348 K
B) 308 K
C) 287 K
D) 325 K
E) 388 K
Answer: B
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 6.7

44) A 100.0 mL sample of 0.300 M NaOH is mixed with a 100.0 mL sample of 0.300 M HNO3 in a
coffee cup calorimeter. If both solutions were initially at 35.00°C and the temperature of the resulting
solution was recorded as 37.00°C, determine the ΔH°rxn (in units of kJ/mol NaOH) for the
neutralization reaction between aqueous NaOH and HCl. Assume 1) that no heat is lost to the
calorimeter or the surroundings, and 2) that the density and the heat capacity of the resulting solution are
the same as water.
A) -55.7 kJ/mol NaOH
B) -169 kJ/mol NaOH
C) -16.7 kJ/mol NaOH
D) -27.9 kJ/mol NaOH
E) - 34.4 kJ/mol NaOH
Answer: A
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 6.7

45) Which of the following statements are FALSE?

A) If a chemical equation is multiplied by some factor, ΔH°rxn is also multiplied by the same factor.
B) If a chemical reaction changes direction, then ΔH°rxn changes sign.
C) If a chemical equation can be expressed as the sum of a series of steps, ΔH°rxn for the overall
equation is the sum of the heats of reactions for each step.
D) Standard states are all in the gas phase.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.8

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46) Use the standard reaction enthalpies given below to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction:

P4(g) + 10 Cl2(g) → 4PCl5(s) ΔH°rxn = ?

Given:
PCl5(s) → PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ΔH°rxn = +157 kJ
P4(g) + 6 Cl2(g) → 4 PCl3(g) ΔH°rxn = -1207 kJ

A) -1835 kJ
B) -1364 kJ
C) -1050. kJ
D) -1786 kJ
E) -2100. kJ
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

47) Use the standard reaction enthalpies given below to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction:

2 NO(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO2(g) ΔH°rxn = ?

Given:
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO(g) ΔH°rxn = +183 kJ
1/2 N2(g) + O2(g) → NO2(g) ΔH°rxn = +33 kJ

A) -150. kJ
B) -117 kJ
C) -333 kJ
D) +115 kJ
E) +238 kJ
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

48) Use the standard reaction enthalpies given below to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction:

2 S(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2SO3(g) ΔH°rxn = ?

Given:
SO2(g) → S(s) + O2(g) ΔH°rxn = +296.8 kJ
2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) ΔH°rxn = -197.8 kJ

A) -494.6 kJ
B) -692.4 kJ
C) -791.4 kJ
D) -98.8 kJ
E) -293.0 kJ
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9
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49) Which of the following processes is exothermic?
A) The ionization of a lithium atom.
B) The breaking of a Cl-Cl bond.
C) The sublimation of dry ice (CO2(s))
D) The reaction associated with ΔH∘f for an ionic compound.
E) All of the above processes are exothermic.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

50) Choose the reaction that illustrates ΔH°f for Ca(NO3)2.

A) Ca(s) + N2(g) + 3O2(g) → Ca(NO3)2(s)
B) Ca2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq)
C) Ca(s) + 2 N(g) + 6 O(g) → Ca(NO3)2(s)
D) Ca(NO3)2(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq)
E) Ca(NO3)2(s) → Ca(s) + N2(g) + 3O2(g)
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

51) Choose the thermochemical equation that illustrates ΔH°f for Li2SO4.
A) 2 Li+(aq) + SO42-(aq) → Li2SO4(aq)
B) 2 Li(s) + 1/8 S8(s, rhombic) + 2 O2(g) → Li2SO4(s)
C) Li2SO4(aq) → 2 Li+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
D) 8 Li2SO4(s) → 16 Li(s) + S8(s, rhombic) + 16 O2(g)
E) 16 Li(s) + S8(s, rhombic) + 16 O2(g) → 8 Li2SO4(s)
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

52) Use the ΔH°f information provided to calculate ΔH°rxn for the following:

ΔH°f (kJ/mol) SO2Cl2(g) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 HCl(g) + H2SO4(l) ΔH°rxn = ?

SO2Cl2(g) -364
H2O(l) -286
HCl(g) -92
H2SO4(l) -814

A) -256 kJ
B) +161 kJ
C) -62 kJ
D) +800. kJ
E) -422 kJ
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

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53) Use the ΔH°f and ΔH°rxn information provided to calculate ΔH°f for IF:

ΔH°f (kJ/mol) IF7(g) + I2(g) → IF5(g) + 2 IF(g) ΔH°rxn = -89 kJ

IF7(g) -941
IF5(g) -840

A) 101 kJ/mol
B) -146 kJ/mol
C) -190. kJ/mol
D) -95 kJ/mol
E) 24 kJ/mol
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

54) Use the ΔH°f and ΔH°rxn information provided to calculate ΔH°f for SO3(g):

ΔH°f (kJ/mol) 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) ΔH°rxn = -198 kJ

SO2(g) -297

A) -792 kJ/mol
B) -248 kJ/mol
C) -495 kJ/mol
D) -578 kJ/mol
E) -396 kJ/mol
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

55) Use the information provided to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction:

ΔH°f (kJ/mol) CH4(g) + 4 Cl2(g) → CCl4(g) + 4 HCl(g) ΔH°rxn = ?

CH4(g) -75
CCl4(g) -96
HCl(g) -92

A) -389 kJ
B) -113 kJ
C) +113 kJ
D) -71 kJ
E) +79 kJ
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

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56) Use the information provided to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction:

ΔH°f (kJ/mol) CH4(g) + 3 Cl2(g) → CHCl3(l) + 3 HCl(g) ΔH°rxn = ?

CH4(g) -75
CHCl3(l) -134
HCl(g) -92

A) -151 kJ
B) -335 kJ
C) +662 kJ
D) +117 kJ
E) -217 kJ
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

57) Use the information provided to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction:

ΔH°f (kJ/mol) 3 Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) → 2 Fe3O4(s) + CO2(g) ΔH°rxn = ? kJ

Fe2O3(s) -824
Fe3O4(s) -1118
CO(g) -111
CO2(g) -394

A) +277 kJ
B) -577 kJ
C) -47 kJ
D) +144 kJ
E) -111 kJ
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

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Match the following.

A) system gains thermal energy from surroundings

B) work done on the system by the surroundings
C) work done by the system on the surroundings
D) energy flows into the system from the surroundings
E) energy flows out of system into the surroundings
F) system loses thermal energy to surroundings

58) -ΔE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

59) -w
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

60) +w
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

61) -q
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

62) + q
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

Answers: 58) E 59) C 60) B 61) F 62) A

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63) Describe the energy changes that occur when a book is held 6 ft off the floor and then dropped.
Answer: The book starts out with a certain amount of potential energy (stored energy due to position).
When it begins to drop, that potential energy is then converted to kinetic energy (energy of motion).
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.1

64) Define chemical energy.

Answer: Chemical energy is the energy associated with the relative positions of electrons and nuclei in
atoms and molecules.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.2

65) Where does the energy absorbed during an endothermic reaction go?
Answer: During an endothermic reaction, the products are higher in potential energy than the reactants.
The thermal (kinetic) energy absorbed during reaction is used in forming products with a higher
potential energy.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

66) Give the equation to calculate the enthalpy of a system.

Answer: H = E + PV
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

67) Explain the difference between ΔH and ΔE.

Answer: Change in enthalpy (ΔH) only tracks the exchange of heat between a system and its
surroundings. Internal energy change (ΔE) tracks both heat and work exchanged between a system and
its surroundings.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

68) Give the temperature and pressure for the standard state for a liquid.
Answer: 1 atmosphere and 25°C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

69) Why are the standard heats of formation for elements in their most stable form assigned a value of
"0"?
Answer: We can't measure absolute enthalpy, but we can measure changes in enthalpy. Assigning all
elements in their most stable form a value of "0" gives us a starting point from which to measure all
other enthalpy changes.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

70) For a process at constant pressure, 49,600 calories of heat are released. This quantity of heat is
equivalent to
A) 4.82 × 10-6 J.
B) 1.19 × 104 J.
C) 1.24 × 104 J.
D) 2.08 × 105 J.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.2

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71) Calculate the kinetic energy of a 150 g baseball moving at a speed of 39. m/s (87 mph).
A) 5.8 J
B) 1.1 × 102 J
C) 5.8 × 103 J
D) 1.1 × 105 J
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.3

72) Calculate the work, w, gained or lost by the system when a gas expands from 15 L to 40 L against a
constant external pressure of 1.5 atm. 1 L ∙ atm = 101 J
A) -6.1 kJ
B) -3.8 kJ
C) +3.8 kJ
D) +6.1 kJ
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

73) The specific heat capacity of liquid mercury is 0.14 J/g∙K. How many joules of heat are needed to
raise the temperature of 5.00 g of mercury from 15.0°C to 36.5°C?
A) 7.7 × 102 J
B) 15 J
C) 36 J
D) 0.0013 J
E) 1.7 J
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

74) The specific heat capacity of solid copper metal is 0.385 J/g∙K. How many joules of heat are needed
to raise the temperature of a 1.55-kg block of copper from 33.0°C to 77.5°C?
A) 1.79 × 105 J
B) 26.6 J
C) 2.66 × 104 J
D) 5.58 × 10-6 J
E) 0.00558 J
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

75) A 5.00-g sample of liquid water at 25.0 C is heated by the addition of 84.0 J of energy. The final
temperature of the water is ________ °C. The specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/g∙K.
A) 95.2
B) 25.2
C) -21.0
D) 29.0
E) 4.02
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

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76) A 6.50-g sample of copper metal at 25.0°C is heated by the addition of 84.0 J of energy. The final
temperature of the copper is ________°C. The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.38 J/g∙K.
A) 29.9
B) 25.0
C) 9.0
D) 59.0
E) 34.0
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

77) The specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/g∙ K. How many joules of heat are needed to raise
the temperature of 5.00 g of water from 25.1°C to 65.3°C?
A) 48.1 J
B) 840 J
C) 1.89 × 103 J
D) 2.08 × 10-2 J
E) 54.4 J
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

78) The specific heat capacity of methane gas is 2.20 J/g∙ K. How many joules of heat are needed to
raise the temperature of 5.00 g of methane from 36.0°C to 75.0°C?
A) 88.6 J
B) 429 J
C) 1221 J
D) 0.0113 J
E) 22.9 J
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

79) The specific heat of copper is 0.385 J/(g ∙ °C). If 34.2 g of copper, initially at 24.0°C, absorbs 4.689
kJ, what will be the final temperature of the copper?
A) 24.4°C
B) 26.8°C
C) 356°C
D) 380°C
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

80) It takes 11.2 kJ of energy to raise the temperature of 145 g of benzene from 23.0°C to 68.0°C. What
is the specific heat of benzene?
A) 1.14 J/(g ∙ °C)
B) 1.72 J/(g ∙ °C)
C) 3.48 J/(g ∙ °C)
D) 5.25 J/(g ∙ °C)
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

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81) A 50.0-g sample of liquid water at 25.0°C is mixed with 29.0 g of water at 45.0°C. The final
temperature of the water is ________°C.
A) 102
B) 27.6
C) 35.0
D) 142
E) 32.3
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

82) What is the enthalpy change (in kJ) of a chemical reaction that raises the temperature of 250.0 ml of
solution having a density of 1.25 g/ml by 7.80°C? (The specific heat of the solution is 3.74 j/g∙K.)
A) -7.43 kJ
B) -12.51 kJ
C) 8.20 kJ
D) -9.12 kJ
E) 6.51 kJ
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.4

83) The combustion of titanium with oxygen produces titanium dioxide:

Ti(s) + O2 (g) → TiO2 (s)

When 2.060 g of titanium is combusted in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter
increases from 25.00°C to 91.60°C. In a separate experiment, the heat capacity of the calorimeter is
measured to be 9.84 kJ/K. The heat of reaction for the combustion of a mole of Ti in this calorimeter is
________ kJ/mol.
A) 14.3
B) 19.6
C) -311
D) -0.154
E) -1.52 × 104
Answer: E
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5

84) When 0.455 g of anthracene, C14H10, is combusted in a bomb calorimeter that has a water jacket
containing 500.0 g of water, the temperature of the water increases by 8.63°C. Assuming that the
specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(g ∙ °C), and that the heat absorption by the calorimeter is negligible,
estimate the enthalpy of combustion per mole of anthracene.
A) +39.7 kJ/mol
B) -39.7 kJ/mol
C) -7060 kJ/mol
D) -8120 kJ/mol
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.5

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85) For a particular process that is carried out at constant pressure, q = 145 kJ and w = -35 kJ. Therefore,
A) ΔE = 110 kJ and ΔH = 145 kJ.
B) ΔE = 145 kJ and ΔH = 110 kJ.
C) ΔE = 145 kJ and ΔH = 180 kJ.
D) ΔE = 180 kJ and ΔH = 145 kJ.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6.2

86) When 5.00 mol of benzene is vaporized at a constant pressure of 1.00 atm and at its normal boiling
point of 80.1°C, 169.5 kJ are absorbed and PΔV for the vaporization process is equal to 14.5 kJ then
A) ΔE = 155.0 kJ and ΔH = 169.5 kJ.
B) ΔE = 184.0 kJ and ΔH = 169.5 kJ.
C) ΔE = 169.5 kJ and ΔH = 184.0 kJ.
D) ΔE = 169.5 kJ and ΔH = 155.0 kJ.
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

87) When 10.00 moles of H2(g) reacts with 5.000 mol of O2(g) to form 10.00 mol of H2O(l) at 25°C
and a constant pressure of 1.00 atm. If 683.0 kJ of heat are released during this reaction, and PΔV is
equal to -37.00 kJ, then
A) ΔH° = +683.0 kJ and ΔE° = +720.0 kJ.
B) ΔH° = +683.0 kJ and ΔE° = +646.0 kJ.
C) ΔH° = -683.0 kJ and ΔE° = -646.0 kJ.
D) ΔH° = -683.0 kJ and ΔE° = -720.0 kJ.
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

88) At 1 atm pressure, the heat of sublimation of gallium is 277 kJ/mol and the heat of vaporization is
271 kJ/mol. To the correct number of significant figures, how much heat is required to melt 4.50 mol of
gallium at 1 atm pressure?
A) 6 kJ
B) 27 kJ
C) 250 kJ
D) 274 kJ
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

89) How much heat is absorbed/released when 35.00 g of NH3(g) reacts in the presence of excess O2(g)
to produce NO(g) and H2O(l) according to the following chemical equation?

4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) → 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(l) ΔH° = 1168 kJ

A) 600.1 kJ of heat are absorbed.

B) 600.1 kJ of heat are released.
C) 2400 kJ of heat are absorbed.
D) 2400 kJ of heat are released.
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.9
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90) How much heat is absorbed when 45.00 g of C(s) reacts in the presence of excess SO2(g) to produce
CS2(l) and CO(g) according to the following chemical equation?

5 C(s) + 2 SO2(g) → CS2(l) + 4 CO(g) ΔH° = 239.9 kJ

A) 179.8 kJ
B) 239.9 kJ
C) 898.5 kJ
D) 2158 kJ
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

91) At constant pressure, the combustion of 15.0 g of C2H6(g) releases 777 kJ of heat. Calculate ΔH for
the reaction given below.

2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)

A) -129 kJ
B) -779 kJ
C) -1560 kJ
D) -3120 kJ
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

92) When 1.50 mol of CH4(g) reacts with excess Cl2(g) at constant pressure according to the chemical
equation shown below, 1062 kJ of heat are released. Calculate the value of ΔH for this reaction, as
written.

2 CH4(g) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 CHCl3(l) + 3 H2(g) ΔH = ?

A) -1420 kJ
B) -708 kJ
C) +708 kJ
D) +1420 kJ
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

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93) In the presence of excess oxygen, methane gas burns in a constant-pressure system to yield carbon
dioxide and water:

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔH = -890.0 kJ

Calculate the value of q (kJ) in this exothermic reaction when 1.70 g of methane is combusted at
constant pressure.
A) -94.6 kJ
B) 0.0306 kJ
C) -0.0106 kJ
D) 32.7 kJ
E) -9.46 × 104 kJ
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

94) Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen at constant pressure by the following reaction:

2H2O2(l) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g) ΔH = -196 kJ

Calculate the value of q (kJ) in this exothermic reaction when 4.00 g of hydrogen peroxide decomposes
at constant pressure?
A) -23.1 kJ
B) -11.5 kJ
C) -0.0217 kJ
D) 1.44 kJ
E) -2.31 × 104 kJ
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

95) When 1.50 g of Ba(s) is added to 100.00 g of water in a container open to the atmosphere, the
reaction shown below occurs and the temperature of the resulting solution rises from 22.00°C to
33.10°C. If the specific heat of the solution is 4.18 J/(g ∙ °C), calculate ΔH for the reaction, as written.

Ba(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Ba(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) ΔH = ?

A) -431 kJ
B) -3.14 kJ
C) +3.14 kJ
D) +431 kJ
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.4

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96) Sodium metal reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide according to the
chemical equation shown below. When 0.025 mol of Na is added to 100.00 g of water, the temperature
of the resulting solution rises from 25.00°C to 35.75°C. If the specific heat of the solution is
4.18 J/(g ∙ °C), calculate ΔH for the reaction, as written.

2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) ΔH= ?

A) -5.41 kJ
B) -90.0 kJ
C) -180 kJ
D) -360 kJ
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.4

97) When 50.0 mL of 0.400 M Ca(NO3)2 is added to 50.0 mL of 0.800 M NaF, CaF2 precipitates, as
shown in the net ionic equation below. The initial temperature of both solutions is 23.0°C. Assuming
that the reaction goes to completion, and that the resulting solution has a mass of 100.00 g and a specific
heat of 4.18 J/(g ∙ °C), calculate the final temperature of the solution.

Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-(aq) → CaF2(s) ΔH° = -11.5 kJ

A) 22.45°C
B) 23.55°C
C) 24.10°C
D) 24.65°C
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6.4

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