Disaster Management

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
TOPICS COVERED
• Concepts and definitions:

• Disaster
• Hazard
• Vulnerability
• Risk
• Capacity
• Impact
• Prevention
• Mitigation
DISASTER
DEFINITION –
• A Disaster is the serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing or
threatening to cause, widespread human, material or environmental losses which
render the affected community unable to cope using its own resources
• In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the consequence of inappropriately
managed risk. These risks are the product of hazards and vulnerability. Hazards that
strike in areas with low vulnerability are not considered a disaster, as is the case in
uninhabited regions
TYPES OF DISASTERS
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DISASTERS :-

1. NATURAL DISASTERS .
2. MAN – MADE DISASTERS.
NATURAL DISASTERS
TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTERS :-

1.Geophysical- Events originating from solid earth.
2. Meteorological- Events caused by short‐lived/small to meso scale atmospheric processes
(in the spectrum from minutes to days).
3. Hydrological - Events caused by deviations in the normal water cycle and/or overflow of
bodies of water caused by wind set‐up.
4. Climatological - Events caused by long‐lived/meso to macro scale processes (in the
spectrum from intra‐ seasonal to multi‐decadal climate variability.
5. Biological - Disaster caused by the exposure of living organisms to germs and toxic
substances.
MAN-MADE DISASTERS
TYPES OF MAN – MADE DISASTERS :-

1.Technological - The failure or breakdown of systems, equipment and engineering
standards that harms people and the environment ,structural collapses,such as
bridges, mines and buildings.
2. Industrial - Disasters caused by industrial companies, either by accident, negligence
or incompetence; Chemical and nuclear explosion.
3. Warfare - Disasters caused by sociopolitical conflicts that escalate into violence; war,
intra society conflicts.
HAZARD
• A hazard can be defined as a potentially damaging physical event, social and

economic disruption or environmental degradation. Typical examples of hazards
can be absence of rain (leading to drought) or the abundance thereof (leading to
floods). Chemical manufacturing plants near settlements and incorrect agricultural
techniques, can also been seen as hazards which could lead to possible disasters.
Hazards can be the creation of man or the environment.
TYPES OF HAZARD
THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF HAZARDS :-

1. Biological Hazards : Processes of organic origin or those conveyed by
biological vectors, including exposure to pathogenic
micro-organisms, toxins and bioactive substances, which
may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage,
social and economic disruption or environmental
degradation.
2. Geological hazard : Geological hazards include internal earth processes or
tectonic origin, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic
activity and emissions as well as external processes
such as mass movements: landslides, rockslides, rock
falls or avalanches, surface collapse, expansive soils
and debris or mud flows.
Hydro meteorological hazards: These hazards are of atmospheric, hydrological or
oceanographic nature. Hydro-meteorological hazardsinclude: floods, debris and mud
floods; tropicalcyclones, storm surges, thunder/hailstorms, rain and wind storms,
blizzards and other severe storms; drought, desertification, wild land fires, temperature
extremes, sand or dust storms; permafrost and snow or ice avalanches.
VULNERABILITY
• Vulnerability is defined as “the extent to which a community, structure, service, or

geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular
hazard, on account of their nature, construction and proximity to hazardous
terrain or a disaster prone area”.
TYPES OF VULNERABILITY
1. Physical vulnerability : Vulnerability of the landmass to natural hazards such

as earthquakes owing to natural factors is explained as physical vulnerability.
Vulnerability of the physical landscape as well as the infrastructure is included in
physical vulnerability.
2. Socio-economic vulnerability : Poverty predisposes people to disaster
losses/suffering.
The poor mostly inhabit flood prone/multi-hazard prone areas perforce. These areas
are cheaper to accessand also provide certain advantages like fertile land near
volcanoes and flood plains.
RISK
• Risk is usually associated with the human inability to cope with a particular situation. In
terms of disaster management it can be defined as the probability of harmful
consequences, or expected losses death, injury, damage to property and the environment,
jobs, disruption of economic activity or social systems. Hazards will affect communities
differently in terms of ability and resources with which to cope. Poorer communities will be
more at risk than others.
• Urban risks : Risks created due to specific conditions in the urban environment are termed
urban risks. For example threat of fire outbreaks, epidemics due to congestion
and poor drainage in slums are urban risks.
IMPACT:-
•Defination: Disaster impact is the total effect, including
negative effects(e.g:- economic losses) and physical
effects(e.g:- economic gains), of a hazardous event or a
disaster.
•Impact of disasters on environment and development

are manifold.
IMPACT:
•The term includes economic, human and environmental
impacts, and may include death, injuries, disease and
other negative effects on human physical, mental and
social well-being.
-Physical impact: Injuries, Burns, Physically disability,
weakness etc.
-Economic impact: Loss of property, unemployment, loss
of crops.
IMPACT:
-Social impacts: change in individual role, isolation,
domestic violence, change in life-style.
-Environmental impacts: pollution, climate change,
ecological stress, food and water scarcity etc.
PREVENTION:
-Prevention is defined as regulatory and physical
measures to ensure that emergencies are prevented.
PREVENTION:
- prevention efforts aim to reduce the potential damage and
suffering that disaster can cause.
-prevention is the action taken to decrease the likelihood

that an event or crisis will occur.
•And lastly, Educating the public about how to properly

prepare for different types of disaster.
CAPACITY
The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available

within an organization, community or society to manage and reduce
disaster risks and strengthen resilience.
MITIGATION
• Mitigation is a long-term measure to reduce vulnerabilities, both physical, which is of

infrastructure, and socio-economic, that is, pertaining to social positioning that
predisposes vulnerable sections to disaster losses. Mitigation is an integral aspect of
planning. Post-Yokohama, countries have been exhorted to follow the path of
mitigation which mandates dovetailing vulnerability reduction measures in
development planning, through resource allocation with the added perspective of
disasters in sectoral schemes. It implies treating disaster mitigation as a plan
commitment and not a non-plan contingency issue, as had been the approach up till
now. The rationale for mitigation comes from repeated occurrence of disasters in
recent times and the unsustainable impacts.
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Disaster Management

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Concepts and definitions:

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DISASTERS :-

TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTERS :-

TYPES OF MAN – MADE DISASTERS :-

• A hazard can be deﬁned as a potentially damaging physical event, social and

THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF HAZARDS :-

• Vulnerability is defined as “the extent to which a community, structure, service, or

1. Physical vulnerability : Vulnerability of the landmass to natural hazards such

•Impact of disasters on environment and development

-prevention is the action taken to decrease the likelihood

•And lastly, Educating the public about how to properly

The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available

• Mitigation is a long-term measure to reduce vulnerabilities, both physical, which is of

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