Volcanoes Reviewer

Lesson: (GEOTHERMAL ENERGY) Energy from the Volcanoes.
Geothermal energy
• The Earth is believed to be extremely hot from within. This heat from the earth’s interior is a source of energy called - GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY.
• Is the heat that is stored deep within the earth that originates from the melted magma and the decay of radioactive substances.
• Most geothermal energy resources are usually found around plate borders and areas with active volcanoes
Trivia: GEO-means "Earth" THERME -means "heat". Geothermal = Earth Heat (It is heat from the earth).
How is GEOTHERMAL ENERGY generated?
1. Geothermal power plants.

It is where heat within the earth changes water into steam. (water in the gas phase), which turns steam turbines that generate
electricity. Geothermal power plants are found in places where it is particularly hot just below the surface such as near a group of
gazers, hot springs, or volcanic activity. They generate energy by carrying heat to the surface via fluid circulation through various types
of mechanism
STEPS on how to generate electricity on a GEOTHERMAL POWERPLANT.
1. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes. the water to turn into stem,
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to generator. that produces electricity.
4. Cooling water cools the steam which it condenses back to water
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the earth to begin the process again.
Below is a flowchart which describes how energy is transformed to generate electricity in a geothermal power plant.
Thermal Energy ------------> Mechanical Energy ------------> Mechanical Energy ------------> Electrical Energy
from inside the Earth in a turbine of a generator
Thermal Energy also called Heat Energy is produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and molecules to move faster and
collide with each other.
Mechanical Energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position.
Electrical Energy is a form of energy resulting from the flow of electricity.
2. Geothermal Heat Pumps

It removes the heat from the fluid in the earth connection, concentrates it, and then transfer it to the building.Geothermal heat pumps
harness geothermal energy from beneath the earth and take advantage of this resource for heating or cooling of building or houses.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Geothermal Energy.
Advantages
•Geothermal is renewable
•Geothermal is sustainable
•Geothermal energy is more environmentally friendly
Disadvantages
• Geothermal is costly (Power Plant)
•It poses some environmental problems
• It would be unsuitable for always having a danger of volcanic eruptions.
• Power plant can cause minor earthquakes due to digging.
r volcanic activity. They generate energy by carrying heat to the surface via fluid circulation through various types
of mechanism
STEPS on how to generate electricity on a GEOTHERMAL POWERPLANT.
1. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes. the water to turn into stem,
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to generator. that produces electricity.
4. Cooling water cools the steam which it condenses back to water
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the earth to begin the process again.
Below is a flowchart which describes how energy is transformed to generate electricity in a geothermal power plant.
Thermal Energy ------------> Mechanical Energy ------------> Mechanical Energy ------------> Electrical Energy
from inside the Earth in a turbine of a generator
Thermal Energy also called Heat Energy is produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and molecules to move faster and
collide with each other.
Mechanical Energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position.
Electrical Energy is a form of energy resulting from the flow of electricity.
2. Geothermal Heat Pumps

It removes the heat from the fluid in the earth connection, concentrates it, and then transfer it to the building.Geothermal heat pumps
harness geothermal energy from beneath the earth and take advantage of this resource for heating or cooling of building or houses.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Geothermal Energy.
Advantages
•Geothermal is renewable
•Geothermal is sustainable
•Geothermal energy is more environmentally friendly
Disadvantages
• Geothermal is costly (Power Plant)
•It poses some environmental problems
• It would be unsuitable for always having a danger of volcanic eruptions.
• Power plant can cause minor earthquakes due to digging.
Lesson: VOLCANOES
Volcanoes:
Elevated landforms with an opening through which lava and other underground volcanic materials are ejected.
Volcanic eruption is the ejection of underground materials by a volcano.
The three (3) external parts of a volcano:

1.)Base 2.) Slope 3.) Summit
Crater:
A funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano.
Caldera:
It is formed when a part of the wall of a crater collapses following an explosive eruption.
Magma:
Molten rocks inside the earth.
Lava:
Magma that has been ejected out of a volcano.
Viscosity:
It is the property of the material's resistance to flow. It is also described as the liquid's thickness and stickiness.
The viscosity of magma decreases with temperature. The higher the temperature of magma is, the lower its
viscosity.
Magmas with high silica content are more viscous than those with low silica content.
The loss of gases makes magma more viscous.
Volcanoes can be classified according to its shape and eruption.
Shield Volcanoes:
Are formed by the accumulation of lava that oozes out from the volcano. Since non-viscous lava can flow freely, a
broad, slightly domed structure that resembles a warrior's shield is formed.
Cinder Cones:
Are built from ejected lava fragments. They have a steep slope, wide crater, and are the most abundant of the three
major volcano types.
Composite Cones or Stratovolcanoes:

Are large, nearly perfect sloped structure formed from alternate solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits.
One perfect example of this type of cone is our Mayon Volcano.
Phreatic or Hydrothermal:
A steam-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water. It is short-lived, characterized by
ash columns but may be an onset of a larger eruption.
Phreatomagmatic:
A violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large column of very fine
ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyro plastics called base surges are observed.
Strombolian:
A periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava, just like the Irazu Volcano in Costa
Rica.
Vulcanian:
Characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall
tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano in Mexico.
Plinian:
An excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyro plastics, just like our Pinatubo Volcano in
Zambales.
Active Volcanoes:
 Conduct volcanic activity.
 Have records of eruption for the last 10,000 years.
Inactive Volcanoes:
 Have no records of eruption for the last 10,000 years.
 Can also be called dormant.
Extinct Volcanoes:
 Have no records of eruption for the last 10,000 years.
 Have no supply of magma.

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Lesson: (GEOTHERMAL ENERGY) Energy from the Volcanoes.

How is GEOTHERMAL ENERGY generated?

1. Geothermal power plants.

STEPS on how to generate electricity on a GEOTHERMAL POWERPLANT.

2. Geothermal Heat Pumps

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Geothermal Energy.

STEPS on how to generate electricity on a GEOTHERMAL POWERPLANT.

2. Geothermal Heat Pumps

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Geothermal Energy.

Volcanic eruption is the ejection of underground materials by a volcano.

The three (3) external parts of a volcano:

The loss of gases makes magma more viscous.

Volcanoes can be classified according to its shape and eruption.

Composite Cones or Stratovolcanoes:

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