1.

Write a Program to Find the ASCII Value of a Character

 C++

// C++ Program to find ASCII value of a character

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
char ch;

ch = 'A';

cout << "The ASCII value of " << ch << " is " << int(ch)
<< endl;

return 0;
}

2. Write a Program to Check Whether a Character is a Vowel or

Consonant
 C++

// C++ Program to print whether a character is vowel or not

#include <cctype>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
char ch = 'e';

if (isalpha(ch)) {
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o'
|| ch == 'u' || ch == 'A' || ch == 'E'
|| ch == 'I' || ch == 'O' || ch == 'U') {
cout << ch << " is a vowel." << endl;
}
else {
cout << ch << " is a consonant." << endl;
}
}
else {
 cout << ch << " is not an alphabet." << endl;
}

return 0;
}

3. Write a Program to Count the Number of Vowels

 C++

// C++ Program to count the number of vowels

#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
string str = "GeeksforGeeks to the moon";
int vowels = 0;

for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {

if (str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'e' || str[i] == 'i'
|| str[i] == 'o' || str[i] == 'u'
|| str[i] == 'A' || str[i] == 'E'
|| str[i] == 'I' || str[i] == 'O'
|| str[i] == 'U') {
vowels++;
}
}

cout << "Number of vowels in the string: " << vowels

<< endl;

return 0;
}

4. Write a Program to Find the Length of the String Without using

strlen() Function
 C++

// C++ Program to find the length of a string without using

// strlen()
 #include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
string str = "GeeksforGeeks";
int length = 0;

for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {

length++;
}

cout << "The length of the string is: " << length
<< endl;

return 0;
}

5. Write a Program to Remove the Vowels from a String

 C++

// C++ Program to remove the vowels from a string

#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int j = 0;

string str = "GeeksforGeeks";

for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {

if (str[i] != 'a' && str[i] != 'e' && str[i] != 'i'
&& str[i] != 'o' && str[i] != 'u'
&& str[i] != 'A' && str[i] != 'E'
&& str[i] != 'I' && str[i] != 'O'
&& str[i] != 'U') {
str[j++] = str[i];
}
}
while (j < str.size()) {
 str[j] = '\0';

j++;
}
cout << "String without vowels: " << str << endl;

return 0;
}

6. Write a Program to Remove Spaces From a String

 C++

// C++ Program to remove spaces from a string

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

string remove_spaces(string str)

{
string result = "";
for (char c : str) {
if (c != ' ') {
result += c;
}
}
return result;
}

int main()
{
string str = "Gfg to the moon";

cout << "Without spaces: " << remove_spaces(str)

<< endl;

return 0;
}

7. Write a Program to Find a Leap Year or Not

 C++
 // C++ program to check if a given
// year is leap year or not
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

bool checkYear(int year)

{
// leap year
if (year % 400 == 0)
return true;

// Not leap year

if (year % 100 == 0)
return false;

// leap year
if (year % 4 == 0)
return true;

// Not leap year

return false;
}

int main()
{
int year = 2000;

if (checkYear(year))
cout << "Leap Year";
else
cout << "Not a Leap Year";
return 0;
}

8. Write a Program to Check Palindrome

 C++

// C++ program to check if a

// number is Palindrome or not
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 // Function to check Palindrome
bool checkPalindrome(int n)
{
int ans = 0;
int temp = n;
while (temp != 0) {
ans = (ans * 10) + (temp % 10);
temp = temp / 10;
}

return (ans == n);

}

int main()
{
int n = 12321;

if (checkPalindrome(n) == 1) {
cout << "Yes\n";
}
else {
cout << "No\n";
}

return 0;
}

9. Write a Program to Check Whether a Number is an Armstrong

Number or Not

 C++

// C++ Program to check

// if number is Armstrong
// or not
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int n = 153;
int temp = n;
int ans = 0;
 // function to calculate
// the sum of individual digits
while (n > 0) {

int rem = n % 10;

ans = (ans) + (rem * rem * rem);
n = n / 10;
}

// condition to check
if (temp == ans) {
cout << ("Yes, it is Armstrong Number");
}
else {
cout << ("No, it is not an Armstrong Number");
}
return 0;
}

10. Write a Program to Find the Nth Term of the Fibonacci Series

 C++

// C++ Program to Find the

// Nth Term of the Fibonacci Series
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int fib(int n)
{
int first = 0, second = 1, ans;
if (n == 0)
return first;

for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {

ans = first + second;
first = second;
second = ans;
}

return ans;
}
 int main()
{
int n = 13;

cout << fib(n);

return 0;
}

11. Write a Program to Calculate the Greatest Common Divisor of Two

Numbers

 C++

// C++ program to find

// GCD of two numbers
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Function to return gcd of a and b

int gcd(int a, int b)
{
int result = min(a, b);

while (result > 0) {

if (a % result == 0 && b % result == 0) {
break;
}
result--;
}

return result;
}

int main()
{
int a = 54, b = 33;

cout << "GCD: " << gcd(a, b);

return 0;
}
 12. Write a Program to Calculate the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
of Two Numbers

 C++

// C++ program to
// Find LCM of two numbers
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

long long gcd(long long int a, long long int b)

{
if (b == 0)
return a;
return gcd(b, a % b);
}

// Function to return LCM of two numbers

long long lcm(int a, int b)
{
long long result = (a / gcd(a, b)) * b;
return result;
}

int main()
{
int a = 24, b = 13;
cout << "LCM : " << lcm(a, b);
return 0;
}

13. Write a Program to Find the Smallest and Largest Element in an

Array

 C++

// C++ code to for

// Finding the minimum
// And maximum of the array
#include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

// Function to find the minimum

// and maximum of the array
void findMinMax(int arr[], int n)
{
int mini = arr[0];
int maxi = arr[0];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (arr[i] < mini) {
mini = arr[i];
}
else if (arr[i] > maxi) {
maxi = arr[i];
}
}

cout << "Min: " << mini << endl;

cout << "Max: " << maxi << endl;
}

int main()
{
int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

findMinMax(arr, N);

return 0;
}

14. Write a Program to Find the Second Smallest Element in an Array

 C++

// C++ program to find

// Second smallest elements
#include <climits>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void print2Smallest(int arr[], int n)

 {
int first, second;

if (n < 2) {
cout << " Invalid Input ";
return;
}

first = second = INT_MAX;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// If current element is smaller than first
// Then update both first and second
if (arr[i] < first) {
second = first;
first = arr[i];
}

// If arr[i] is in between first and second

// Then update second
else if (arr[i] < second && arr[i] != first)
second = arr[i];
}
if (second == INT_MAX)
cout << "There is no second smallest element\n";
else
cout << " Second smallest element is " << second
<< endl;
}

int main()
{
int arr[] = { 21, 3, 15, 41, 34, 10 };
int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

print2Smallest(arr, n);

return 0;
}

15. Write a Program to Calculate the Sum of Elements in an Array

 C++
 // C++ Program to calculate
// sum of elements in an array
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int sum(int arr[], int n)

{
int sum = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

sum += arr[i];

return sum;
}

int main()
{
int arr[] = { 1, 23, 54, 12, 9 };
int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

cout << "Sum: " << sum(arr, n);

return 0;
}

16. Write a Program to Check if the Given String is Palindrome or Not

 C++

// C++ program for checking

// if it is Palindrome or not
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

string isPalindrome(string S)
{
for (int i = 0; i < S.length() / 2; i++) {
if (S[i] != S[S.length() - i - 1]) {
return "No";
}
}

return "Yes";
 }

int main()
{
string S = "GeekeeG";

cout << isPalindrome(S);

return 0;
}

17. Write a Program to Print the Given String in Reverse Order

 C++

// C++ Program to reversea string

#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{

int len;

string str = "GeeksforGeeks";

len = str.size();

cout << "Reverse of the string: ";

for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
cout << str[i];
}
cout << endl;

return 0;
}

18. Write a Program for Octal to Decimal Conversion

 C++

// C++ Program to convert ocatal to decimal

 #include <cmath>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
int oct, dec = 0, place = 0;
// 67 is an octal number with binary equivalent 110000
oct = 67;

int temp = oct;

while (temp) {
int lastDigit = temp % 10;
temp /= 10;
dec += lastDigit * pow(8, place);
++place;
}

cout << "Decimal equivalent is: " << dec << endl;

return 0;
}

19. Write a Program for Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion

 C++

// C++ Program to convert hexadecimal to decimal conversion

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int hexToDecimal(char hexDigit)

{
if (hexDigit >= '0' && hexDigit <= '9') {
return int(hexDigit - '0');
}
else if (hexDigit >= 'A' && hexDigit <= 'F') {
return int(hexDigit - 'A' + 10);
}
else if (hexDigit >= 'a' && hexDigit <= 'f') {
return int(hexDigit - 'a' + 10);
}
 return -1;
}

int main()
{
string hex;
int decimal = 0, place = 0;

hex = "67";

int n = hex.length();
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
int digit = hexToDecimal(hex[i]);
decimal += digit * pow(16, place);
place++;
}

cout << "Decimal equivalent " << decimal << endl;

return 0;
}

20. Write a Program for Decimal to Binary Conversion

 C++

// c++ program to convert decimal to binary

#include <bitset>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
int decimal = 7;

// simplest method to convert decimal to binary

bitset<32> binary(decimal);

cout << "Binary equivalent: " << binary << endl;

return 0;
}
21. Write a Program for Decimal Octal Conversion
 C++

// C++ Program to convert decimal to octal equivalent

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
int decimal, octal = 0, place = 1;

decimal = 55;

int temp = decimal;

while (temp) {
int lastDigit = temp % 8;
temp /= 8;
octal += lastDigit * place;
place *= 10;
}

cout << "Octal equivalent " << octal << endl;

return 0;
}

22. Write a Program for Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion

 C++

// C++ program to convert decimal to hexadecimal

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

string decimalToHexa(int decimal)

{
string hexadecimal = "";
char hexaDecimals[16]
= { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
'8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
 while (decimal > 0) {
int remainder = decimal % 16;
hexadecimal = hexaDecimals[remainder] + hexadecimal;
decimal /= 16;
}
return hexadecimal;
}

int main()
{
int decimal = 103;

cout << "Hexadecimal equivalent: "

<< decimalToHexa(decimal) << endl;

return 0;
}

23. Write a Program for Binary to Octal Conversion

 C++

// C++ implementation to convert a binary number

// to octal number
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// function to create map between binary

// number and its equivalent octal
void createMap(unordered_map<string, char>* um)
{
(*um)["000"] = '0';
(*um)["001"] = '1';
(*um)["010"] = '2';
(*um)["011"] = '3';
(*um)["100"] = '4';
(*um)["101"] = '5';
(*um)["110"] = '6';
(*um)["111"] = '7';
}

// Function to find octal equivalent of binary

string convertBinToOct(string bin)
{
int l = bin.size();
int t = bin.find_first_of('.');

// length of string before '.'

int len_left = t != -1 ? t : l;

// add min 0's in the beginning to make

// left substring length divisible by 3
for (int i = 1; i <= (3 - len_left % 3) % 3; i++)
bin = '0' + bin;

// if decimal point exists

if (t != -1) {
// length of string after '.'
int len_right = l - len_left - 1;

// add min 0's in the end to make right

// substring length divisible by 3
for (int i = 1; i <= (3 - len_right % 3) % 3; i++)
bin = bin + '0';
}

// create map between binary and its

// equivalent octal code
unordered_map<string, char> bin_oct_map;
createMap(&bin_oct_map);

int i = 0;
string octal = "";

while (1) {
// one by one extract from left, substring
// of size 3 and add its octal code
octal += bin_oct_map[bin.substr(i, 3)];
i += 3;
if (i == bin.size())
break;

// if '.' is encountered add it to result

if (bin.at(i) == '.') {
octal += '.';
i++;
}
}

// required octal number

return octal;
}

// Driver program to test above

int main()
{
string bin = "1111001010010100001.010110110011011";
cout << "Octal number = " << convertBinToOct(bin);
return 0;
}