Structural design Project 2021/22 A.

INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
ZZ

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROJECT
14/1/2022

GROUP MEMBERS ID

HUNDE ABDISA 4065/10

DEME ZELEKE 3801/10
ABDANE YOHANES 3508/10
FEREHAN FUAD 3910/10
HUNDERA TOLINA 4069/10
AMANUEL ASHAGRE 3635/10

Submitted to: Mr. Naol T

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The given reinforced concrete moment frame building is to be built in Harar for office purpose.
The architectural drawing of the building is the attached to this question paper.

Determine;

1. The wind load acting on the middle truss in the roof truss assembly. The trusses are
spanning in the short direction of the building at 1.5m centers. The shape of the roof truss
is also shown in the figure.
2. The net wind pressure (Wnet) on the building face.
3. The possible total moment at the base of the building due to wind pressure.
4. The elastic design spectrum [Sd(T1)], total base shear force (Fb) and story shear forces as
per new code ES EN 1998:
5. The governing lateral load and distribute it to various frames of the structure according to
its type.
6. The coordinate of center of mass and center of rigidity.

Note: Use the following data;

 Wind direction on longer side of the building (positive Y-direction)

 C-25 concrete
 Slab thickness 15cm
 Staircase raiser is 20cm and tread is 30cm with 15cm thickness at its flight and landing.
Assume width of the stair is 1.2m and landing is 0.95mx2.6m
 3cm thick floor finishing (𝛄= 27kN/m3)
 Beam dimension 25cm by 30cm for all
 Column dimension C1=25X25cm and C2=25X30cm
 Assume walls are located on beams only.
 Thickness of internal and external infill walls 15 cm and 20 cm respectively HCB

 Consider any miss data with reasonable assumptions.

Submission date: December 31, 2021!!!!

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GIVEN DATA

 Wind direction- on longer side of a building

 C-25
 Stair case R=20cm
T=30cm
Twaist=Tlanding=15cm
Landing dimension=0.95m*2.6m
Thickness of floor finish =3cm

 Beam= 25cm*25cm
 Column C1=25*25cm
C2=25*30cm
 Thickness of wall External =20cm
Internal =15cm
 Truss Spacing=1.5m

REQUIRED

1. Wind load acting on middle truss

2. Wnet on the building face
3. Moment at the base of building due to wind
4. Sd(T1) =?
Fb=?
Storey shear =?
5. The governing lateral load and distribute into various frames
6. The coordinate of center of mass and center of rigidity

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SOLUTION

The question covers both wind and earth quake analysis. The first three questions are about wind
load analysis and the fourth and sixth question directly belongs to EQ analysis. The fifth question
may belongs to either wind load or EQ load, it depend on the magnitude of these lateral loads.

PART 1

ANALYSIS OF WIND LOAD PART

Question number one

The wind load acting on the middle truss in the roof truss assembly

To calculate the wind load acting on the middle truss ion the roof assembly;

First we have to compute wind pressures

But

In our case the roof type is duo pitch type with Z=3+3+1.5=7m (above the ground level)

So in order to calculate ) first we can compute each parameter as follows;

1) Basic wind velocity (Vb)

=22 m/s for Ethiopia
= =1
= (1) (1) (22 m/s) = 22 m/s
2) Mean wind velocity

Depends on Z values and Z values depends on terrain category of the site.

So in our Taking terrain category of Harar as Category III

=200m is recommended in Ethiopia

z
Cr ( z )  K r  ln( ) for Z min  Z  Z max
z0
Is terrain factor depending on the roughness length calculated using

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( ) ( )

Part – 1 with reference height

( )

Part – 2 with reference height

( )

Orography factor ( )
Neglect the effect of orography i.e. assume the site is on flat terrain

Then determine mean wind velocity for both parts

( )

( )

3) Wind turbulence intensity ( )

Zmin  Z  Zmax

Take

( )

( )

4) Density of air ( )
It depends on altitude and recommended
Altitude of Harer  1902m
7.5
Altitude of a building  1902   1905.75m
2
Then using interpolation between altitude of 1500m and 2000m

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5) Peak velocity pressure ( )

6) Pressure coefficient (Cpe and Cpi)

Internal pressure coefficients (Cpi) - is a function of the ratio of the height and the depth of the
building, h/d and the opening ratio for each wind direction which should be determined from
∑
∑
h 7.5
  1.07  1
d 7
Cpi IS +ve only for Wind ward side and it is negative on Lee ward and both Left and Right.
Openings are:
Wind ward: 6 Windows (1.5*1.5) A=6*1.5*1.5=13.5 m2
Lee ward: 5 Windows (1.5*1.5) A=5*1.5*1.5=11.25 m2
Left=Right side: 1 door (1.2*2.25) A=1.2*2.25=2.7 m2

= 0.552

h
Using these values of and from the graph of internal pressure coefficients for uniformly
d
distributed openings we can compute the value of Cpi.
So, Cpi = 0.05
External pressure coefficients (Cpe) for Roof
In our case the roof is duo pitch type in which the direction of wind is specified as θ=
(perpendicular to the ridge of the roof)
So for θ= the region is divided as;

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Figure : wind direction θ=

We are asked to calculate wind load at the middle truss which cross across region G,H,I and J
We can calculate Area for these region only.
Area of each zone
Zone- G
A= (11.5-5.75)(1.15) =6.6125 m2
Zone- H
A= (11.5) (2.35) =27.025 m2
Zone- I
A= (11.5) (2.35) =27.025 m2
Zone- J
A= (1.15) (11.5) =13.225 m2
Then area of zone H, I and J are greater than 10m2 for which the external pressure coefficient is
Cpe,10.
Area of zone - G is in between 1m2 and 10m2. Use logarithmic interpolation between Cpe,1 and
Cpe,10.

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For values of is not provided on table so we can use interpolation between

Cpe,1= 1.5 and Cpe,10= 0.7

( )
Or 0.367
Zone- H Cpe,10 = 0.267 or +0.267

Zone- I Cpe,10 = 0.4 zone- J Cpe,10= 0.833

7) Wind pressure on different zone Of Roof
And
But

[ ] Where

=0.351(-0.8437-0.05) =0.351(-0.267-0.05) = 0.11

= 0.3137 OR 0.111

=0.351(-0.4-0.05) =0.351(-0.833-0.05)

= 0.158 = 0.31

Here the middle truss is subjected to wind load from zone G, H, I and J but designing a single
truss for different loading is not recommended and also it is tedious. Due to this we can design it
for the governing load. The governing wind load from these region is the load on region G which

is; = 0.3137

Acts on Roof covering and the load is transferred from roof covering to purlin then to
truss as follow

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 Assuming there is a purlin at each joint number of purlin =5

L 4.351
  1.088m
 Spacing of purlin= N  1 4
 Center to center distance between the truss = 1.5m
 Load transferred to the purlin from the roof covering = - 0.3137 * 1.088 = 0.3413 kN/m
 Load transferred over the intermediate joints of principal rafter of truss = -0.3413*1.5
= 0.512kN
 Load transferred over the end joints of principal rafter of truss = -0.512/2 = 0.256 kN

 These loads are perpendicular to the principal rafter of the truss.

Question number two

The net wind pressure (Wnet) on the building face
The direction of wind is on longer side of the building
For the wind ward and Lee ward side of the building Z=6m and Z=7.5m for the right and left
sides.
For phase of the building from previous calculation
Cpi= 0.05

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Then we can directly proceed to dividing the region.

H=6m
b=11.5 for h<b wind ward face of the building is taken as one region (D)
h/d =0.857

h=6
D

b =11.5

Windward and Lee ward

For e>d the side face of the building is divided into two region (A&B) as follow;
h/d=1.07

A B
h=7.5

e/5 d-e/5
Side face

Area of each Zone

Zone – A with A= 17.25 m2 > 10 m2 i.e. Cpe,10 = -1.2
Zone – B with A= 35.25 m2 > 10 m2 i.e. Cpe,10 = -0.8
Zone – D with A= 69 m2 > 10 m2 i.e. Cpe,10 = +0.78

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Zone – E with A= 375 m2 > 10 m2 i.e. Cpe,10 = -0.462

Net wind pressure (wnet)

[ ] Where

Zone – A =0.351(-1.2-0.05) =-0.43875

Zone – B =0.351(-0.8-0.05) = -0.298

Zone – D =0.355(0.78-0.05) =0.259

Zone – E =0.355(-0.462-0.05) =0.18176

Question number three

The possible total moment at the base of the building due to wind pressure here the moment
which is asked to be calculated is Overturning moment at the base of the building. And it is due
to Wind load on Region D and E.
Concentrated load on region D

=0.259 *6m*11.5m

=17.871KN @(3+1.7) from the base Concentrated load on region E

=0.18176 *6m*11.5m

=12.54 KN @ (4.7m) from the base

M= F*r
M=17.871*4.7+12.54*4.7
=142.94 KN-M
Therefore the over turning moment due to Wind load is =142.94 KN-M

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PART TWO

SEISMIC LOAD ANALYSIS

 Method of analysis applied is lateral force method of analysis
Question number four
The elastic design spectrum [Sd(T1)], total base shear force (Fb) and story shear forces as per
new code ES EN 1998:
Elastic design spectrum Sd(T1)

1. Fundamental period of vibration T1

For building with height up to 40m T1 calculated approximate as;

T1= Ct*H3/4

Ct= 0.075 for moment resistant space concrete frames

H= 1.7+3+3+1.5 =9.2m

T1= 0.075*(9.2)3/4= 0.396

Sd(T1) is based on the values of TB, TC, TD and S. these parameters are obtained from table based
on ground type of the site and elastic response spectrum.

To decide the ground type of the site appropriate investigation shall be carried out .but in our
case we can take it based on our own assumption .the ground Type of Harar (type C) assumed.

From the two types of elastic response spectrum since our buildings not too much high we can
assume as type II (Ms≤5.5)

For type II ground type C

TB=0.1 TC= 0.25 TD=1.2 S=1.5

4  T
Checking for T1   C
 2.0s 4*0.25= 1 sec ……………………OK

The condition that is to be used here is TC≤T1≤TD.

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 2.5  TC 
 ag  S  
TC  T  TD : Sd T    q  T 
   a
 g

Recommended value of β = 0.2

ag γI agR
=

γI is importance factor = 1 type for ordinary building

agR
Based on the seismic zone of the site. In our case seismic zone of Harar is zone 1

agR
=0.04 For seismic zone 1 from table

q Is the behaviour factor, q =qo *kw≥1.5

qo
for G+1 (low height ) select DCM

For frame system

αu/α1=1.3 multi storey (multi bay frame) qQ =3.0αu/α1, KW=1 for frames

qo=3*1.3=3.9, q=3.9*1=3.9 ≥1.5…………………ok

ag  1*0.04  0.04

 2.5  TC 
 ag  S  
Then for TC  T  TD : Sd T    q  T 
   a
 g

 2.5 0.25
  0.04 *1.5* ( )  0.0243g
Sd  T    3.9 0.396 …………..ok
   ag  0.2 * 0.04  0.008


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3) Total seismic mass of buildings (m)
m   Gk , j " "  E ,i  Qk ,i

Ei = .2i 2i = 0.3 for category B (Office Area)

 =0.5 for independently occupied storeys.

Qk ,i  3 (For office)

Ground floor seismic mass

 Weight of grade beam

=2*[10.75+6.5]*0.25*0.3*25+10.65*0.25*0.3*25+2*6.5*0.3*0.25*25
=109.03125 KN
 Ground floor column (half) half of ground wall
H=3-0.15=2.85/2=1.425m H=3-0.3/2=2.7/2=1.35m
t= 0.25 m t=0.2, L=34.5
w= 0.25m t=0.15, L=23.65

W=10*2.85/2*(0.25)2*25+2*2.85/2*0.3*0.25*25 unit weight =14 KN/m3

W=27.6KN w=197.46KN

 Weight of footing pad

=0.3*1.5m*1.5m*25*12= 202.5 KN
 Weight of footing column
=10*1.7*(0.25)2*25+2*1.7*0.25*0.3*25
=32.9375 KN
 Weight of stair(one flight)
R=0.2m Sw steps= ½*0.2*0.3*1.2*25*7= 6.3 KN
T=0.3m Sw ff= 1.2*0.3*0.03*27*7+1.2*0.2*0.03*27*7
Ttwaist=0.15m = 3.402 KN
W=1.2m

2.4
1.6
1.8

Sw waist=2.4*1.2*0.15*25= 10.83 KN
LL on stair = 1.296 KN
 Total weight of building at ground level = 591.4 KN

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Weight at 1st floor level

 Weight of 1st floor slab=0.15*(11.75*7.25-3.25*3.25)*25= 279.85 KN

 Weight of 1st floor finish = 0.03*(11.75*7.25-3.5*3.25)*27= 60.45 KN
 Half of ground floor column= 27.6 KN
 Half of 1st floor column= 27.6 KN
 Half of ground floor wall = 197.46 KN
 Half of 1st floor wall = 197.46 KN
 weight of floor beam = 54.515 KN
 Weight of 1st flight stair = 17.3 KN
 Weight of landing = 0.95*2.6*0.15*25 = 9.3 KN
 Weight of floor finish landing = 0.95*2.6*0.03*27= 2 KN
 Live load on landing =0.3*0.5*3 KN/M2*0.95*2.6= 1.1 KN
 live load on flight = 1.296 KN
 weight of floor finish on flight = 3.402 KN
 live load on slab = 3 KN/m2*0.5*0.3*(11.75*7.25-3.25*3.25) = 33.58 KN

 so total seismic load at 1st floor= 911.811 KN

Weight at roof level

 half of 1st floor column= 27.6 K N

 half of 1st floor wall = 197.46 KN
 weight of wall above top tie beam =2*[0.5*0.2*7*1.5*14]=29.4 KN
 top of the beam = 109.03 KN
 weight of gypsum ceiling = 10.75*6.5*0*03*18= 37.73 KN

 so total seismic load at roof level = 401.22 KN

Weight of roof truss

 bottom cold =
 top cold = (9*=
 purlin = 0.05*0.07*11.75*8.5 KN/M2*5*2= 3.4956 KN
 vertical strut = (1.071+0.643+0.21)*2*
*0.07*0.07/4*8.5)*9= 1.574 KN
 inclined strut =2*9(1.4653+1.189+1.022)*0.04*0.05*8.5= 1.125 KN

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 roof covering t=0.4m, of iron= 77 KN/M3

w=4.35*11.75*0.4/1000*77*2= 3.15 KN

 so total seismic load at roof level = 19.482 KN

Total seismic weight of the building

W = W1 + W2 + W3 = 591.4 KN + 911.81 KN + 401.22 KN + 19.482 KN
W = 1923.9 kN/g
M=W/g
Base shear force ( Fb )
Sd T1   0.0243g , m  1923.9 kg
Fb  S d T1   m   Where
 1 for two storey buildings

Fb =0.0243g*1923.9 kN/g*1

=46.75077 KN

Distribution of the horizontal seismic base shear forces

z m
Fi  Fb  i i
 zi  mi
The values for each storey is computed using Excel and tabulated as follow
Story Shear
storey Fb(KN) (kg )
Ground 46.75077 1.7 60285.42 102,485.22 5.609
First 46.75077 4.7 92947.09 436,851.35 23.907
Roof 46.75077 7.7 40899.08 314,922.94 17.235
854,259.50 46.751

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Question number five(5)

The governing lateral load and distribute it to various frames of the structure according to its
type. Based on the magnitude of these lateral loads applied on the face of the building seismic
load is higher in magnitude than the load due to wind action. Hence the governing lateral load
for the building is earth quake load. But to distribute it to frames first we have to compute.CM
and CR.

Question number six (6)

The coordinate of center of mass and center of rigidity

Since it becomes very tedious to compute these value manually we have computed them using
excel and put it in the following way.
Computation of center of mass
I. Roof truss center of mass
For Example. CM for roof truss level
Center of mass in x – direction (xm)=5.75m
Center of mass in y – direction (ym)=3.5m

Roof level center of mass

Roof level
Beam on element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment
width height Length Weight X Y Mx My
Axis 1 0.25 0.3 6.5 12.19 0 3.5 42.66 0
Axis 2 0.25 0.3 6.5 12.19 3 3.5 42.66 36.56
Axis 3 0.25 0.3 6.5 12.19 7.5 3.5 42.66 91.41
Axis 4 0.25 0.3 6.5 12.19 11.5 3.5 42.66 140.16
axis A 0.25 0.3 10.75 20.16 3.5 0 0 70.55
axis B 0.25 0.3 10.65 19.97 3.5 4 79.88 69.89
axis C 0.25 0.3 10.75 20.16 3.5 7 141.09 70.55
TOTAL 109.03 391.59 479

COLUMN element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height Length Weight X Y Mx My
Axis A1 0.25 0.25 1.425 2.23 0 0 0 0
Axis A2 0.25 0.25 1.425 2.23 3 0 0 6.68
Axis A3 0.25 0.25 1.425 2.23 7.5 0 0 16.70
Axis A4 0.25 0.25 1.425 2.23 11.5 0 0 25.61
Axis B1 0.25 0.25 1.425 2.23 0 4 8.91 0.00

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Axis B2 0.25 0.3 1.425 2.67 3 4 10.69 8.02

Axis B3 0.25 0.3 1.425 2.67 7.5 4 10.69 20.04
Axis B4 0.25 0.25 1.425 2.23 11.5 4 8.91 25.61
axis C1 0.25 0.25 1.425 2.23 0 7 15.59 0.00
axis C2 0.25 0.25 1.425 2.23 3 7 15.59 6.68
axis C3 0.25 0.25 1.425 2.23 7.5 7 15.59 16.70
axis C4 0.25 0.25 1.425 2.23 11.5 7 15.59 25.61
TOTAL 27.61 101.53 152

Ceiling element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height Length Weight X Y Mx My
DL 6.5 0.03 10.75 37.73 4.5 3.25 122.63 169.80
TOTAL 37.7325 122.63 169.80

WALL element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height Length Weight X Y Mx My
Axis 1 0.2 1.35 6.5 39.27 0 3.5 137.45 0
Axis 2 0.15 1.35 6.5 18.43 3 3.5 64.50 55
Axis 3 0.15 1.35 6.5 18.43 7.5 3.5 64.50 138
Axis 4 0.2 1.35 6.5 39.27 11.5 3.5 137.45 452
Axis A 0.2 1.35 10.75 40.64 5.75 0 0.00 234
Axis B 0.15 1.35 10.75 30.48 5.75 4 121.91 175
Axis C 0.2 1.35 10.75 40.64 5.75 7 284.45 234
TOTAL 227.14 810.23 1288
G TOTAL 401.51 1425.99 2088.17

Total weight at roof level (W) = 401.51 KN

Total moment on x – axis (Mx) = 1425.99 kN-m
Total moment on y – axis (My) = 2088.17 KN-m
My 2088.17kN  m
Center of mass in x – direction (xm) =   5.2 m
W 401.51kN
M x 1425.99 kN  m
Center of mass in y – direction (ym)=   3.55m
W 401.51kN

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First floor center of mass

Slab element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height lengeth Weight X Y Mx My
DL 7.25 0.15 11.75 279.84 4.5 3.25 909.49 1259.30
LL 7.25 3 11.75 33.58 4.5 3.25 109.14 151.12
TOTAL 313.425 909.49 1259.30

Beam on element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height length Weight X Y Mx My
Axis 1 0.25 0.15 6.5 6.09 0 3.5 21.33 0
Axis 2 0.25 0.15 6.5 6.09 3 3.5 21.33 18.28
Axis 3 0.25 0.15 6.5 6.09 7.5 3.5 21.33 45.70
Axis 4 0.25 0.15 6.5 6.09 11.5 3.5 21.33 70.08
axis A 0.25 0.15 10.75 10.08 3.5 0 0 35.27
axis B 0.25 0.15 10.65 9.98 3.5 4 39.94 34.95
axis C 0.25 0.15 10.75 10.08 3.5 7 70.55 35.27
TOTAL 54.52 195.80 240

COLUMN element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height length Weight X Y Mx My
Axis A1 0.25 0.25 2.85 4.45 0 0 0 0
Axis A2 0.25 0.25 2.85 4.45 3 0 0 13.36
Axis A3 0.25 0.25 2.85 4.45 7.5 0 0 33.40
Axis A4 0.25 0.25 2.85 4.45 11.5 0 0 51.21
Axis B1 0.25 0.25 2.85 4.45 0 4 17.81 0.00
Axis B2 0.25 0.3 2.85 5.34 3 4 21.38 16.03
Axis B3 0.25 0.3 2.85 5.34 7.5 4 21.38 40.08
Axis B4 0.25 0.25 2.85 4.45 11.5 4 17.81 51.21
axis C1 0.25 0.25 2.85 4.45 0 7 31.17 0.00
axis C2 0.25 0.25 2.85 4.45 3 7 31.17 13.36
axis C3 0.25 0.25 2.85 4.45 7.5 7 31.17 33.40
axis C4 0.25 0.25 2.85 4.45 11.5 7 31.17 51.21
TOTAL 55.22 203.06 303

STAIR element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height length Weight X Y Mx My
DL 1.2 0.15 2.4 27.635 2.275 4.125 113.99 62.87
LL 1.2 3 2.4 1.296 2.275 4.125 5.346 2.95
TOTAL 28.93 113.99 63

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WALL element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height lengeth Weight X Y Mx My
Axis 1 0.2 2.7 6.5 49.14 0 3.5 171.99 0
Axis 2 0.15 2.7 6.5 36.86 3 3.5 128.99 111
Axis 3 0.15 2.7 6.5 36.86 7.5 3.5 128.99 276
Axis 4 0.2 2.7 6.5 49.14 11.5 3.5 171.99 565
Axis A 0.2 2.7 10.75 81.27 5.75 0 0.00 467
Axis B 0.15 2.7 10.75 60.95 5.75 4 243.81 350
Axis C 0.2 2.7 10.75 81.27 5.75 7 568.89 467
TOTAL 395.48 1414.67 2237
G TOTAL 847.57 2837.01 4102.15

Total weight at roof level (W) = 847.48 KN

Total moment on x – axis (Mx) = 2837.01 KN-m
Total moment on y – axis (My) = 4102.15 KN-m
My 4102.15kN  m
Center of mass in x – direction (xm) =   4.84 m
W 847.57kN
Mx 2837.01kN  m
Center of mass in y – direction (ym) =   3.35 m
W 847.57kN
Ground floor center of mass
Footing Pad width
depth(m) length(m) weight(KN) x(m) y(m) Mx(KNm) My(KNm)
on (m)
A1 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 0 0 0 0
B1 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 0 4 67.5 0
C1 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 0 7 146.25 0
A2 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 3 0 0 90
B2 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 3 4 67.5 90
C2 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 3 7 146.25 90
A3 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 7.5 0 0 202.5
B3 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 7.5 4 67.5 202.5
C3 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 7.5 7 146.25 202.5
A4 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 11.5 0 146.25 202.5
B4 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 11.5 4 146.25 202.5
C4 1.5 0.3 1.5 16.875 11.5 7 146.25 202.5
Total 202.50 1080.00 1485

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Beam on element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height Length Weight X Y Mx My
Axis 1 0.25 0.3 6.5 12.19 0 3.5 42.66 0
Axis 2 0.25 0.3 6.5 12.19 3 3.5 42.66 36.56
Axis 3 0.25 0.3 6.5 12.19 7.5 3.5 42.66 91.41
Axis 4 0.25 0.3 6.5 12.19 11.5 3.5 42.66 140.16
axis A 0.25 0.3 10.75 20.16 3.5 0 0 70.55
axis B 0.25 0.3 10.65 19.97 3.5 4 79.88 69.89
axis C 0.25 0.3 10.75 20.16 3.5 7 141.09 70.55
TOTAL 109.03 391.59 479

COLUMN element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height Length Weight X Y Mx My
Axis A1 0.25 0.25 3.125 4.88 0 0 0 0
Axis A2 0.25 0.25 3.125 4.88 3 0 0 14.65
Axis A3 0.25 0.25 3.125 4.88 7.5 0 0 36.62
Axis A4 0.25 0.25 3.125 4.88 11.5 0 0 56.15
Axis B1 0.25 0.25 3.125 4.88 0 4 19.53 0.00
Axis B2 0.25 0.3 3.125 5.86 3 4 23.44 17.58
Axis B3 0.25 0.3 3.125 5.86 7.5 4 23.44 43.95
Axis B4 0.25 0.25 3.125 4.88 11.5 4 19.53 56.15
axis C1 0.25 0.25 3.125 4.88 0 7 34.18 0.00
axis C2 0.25 0.25 3.125 4.88 3 7 34.18 14.65
axis C3 0.25 0.25 3.125 4.88 7.5 7 34.18 36.62
axis C4 0.25 0.25 3.125 4.88 11.5 7 34.18 56.15
TOTAL 60.55 222.66 333

STAIR element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height length Weight X Y Mx My
DL 1.2 0.15 2.4 18.372 2.275 4.125 75.7845 41.7963
LL 1.2 3 2.4 1.296 2.275 4.125 5.346 2.9484
TOTAL 19.67 75.78 42

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WALL element dimension Moment arm(m) Moment

width height length Weight X Y Mx My
Axis 1 0.2 1.35 6.5 24.57 0 3.5 86.00 0
Axis 2 0.15 1.35 6.5 18.43 3 3.5 64.50 55
Axis 3 0.15 1.35 6.5 18.43 7.5 3.5 64.50 138
Axis 4 0.2 1.35 6.5 24.57 11.5 3.5 86.00 283
Axis A 0.2 1.35 10.75 40.64 5.75 0 0.00 234
Axis B 0.15 1.35 10.75 30.48 5.75 4 121.91 175
Axis C 0.2 1.35 10.75 40.64 5.75 7 284.45 234
TOTAL 197.74 707.33 1119
G TOTAL 589.49 2477.37 3457.01

Total weight at roof level (W) = 589.49 KN

Total moment on x – axis (Mx) = 2477.37 KN-m
Total moment on y – axis (My) = 3457.01 KN-m
My 3457.01kN  m
Center of mass in x – direction (xm)=   5.86 m
W 589.49kN
Mx 2477.37 kN  m
Center of mass in y – direction (ym)=   4.2 m
W 589.49 kN
Determination of center of stiffness

Center of stiffness is a point where the stiffness or resistance of a floor is concentrated. It can be
calculated from D – value which is given by;

D  ak ' a
k'
k'
k b
k
I bh3
 or
hb3
2k' 2kc L 12 L 12 L

xs 
D x
y
AND ys 
D  y
x

D y D x

i) D – value in x – direction frames

I bh3 (25 cm)(30 cm)3
Top tie, Intermediate and Grade beam stiffness kb     187.5 cm3
L 12 L 12  300cm
I bh3 (25 cm)(30 cm)3
kb     125 cm3
L 12 L 12  450cm

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I bh3 (25 cm)(30 cm)3

kb     140.625 cm3
L 12 L 12  400cm

bh3 (25 cm)(25 cm)3

Column stiffness kC    108.51cm3
12 L 12  300cm

bh3 (25 cm)(30 cm)3

kC    187.5 cm3
12 L 12  300cm

bh3 (25 cm)(25 cm)3

Footing column stiffness kC    191.48 cm3
12 L 12 170cm

bh3 (25 cm)(30 cm)3

kC    330.88 cm3
12 L 12 170cm

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Lb= 3 Lb= 4.5 Lb= 4

h= 30 h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 187.50 Kb= 125.00 Kb= 140.63

Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3

h= 25 h= 25 h= 25 h= 25
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kc= 108.51 Kc= 108.51 Kc= 108.51 Kc= 108.51
k`= 1.73 k`= 2.88 k`= 2.45 k`= 1.30
a= 0.464 a= 0.590 a= 0.550 a= 0.393
D= 50.30 D= 64.04 D= 59.72 D= 42.67 ΣDx = 216.72

Lb= 3 Lb= 4.5 Lb= 4

h= 30 h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 187.50 Kb= 125.00 Kb= 140.63

Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3

h= 25 h= 25 h= 25 h= 25
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kc= 108.51 Kc= 108.51 Kc= 108.51 Kc= 108.51
k`= 1.73 k`= 2.88 k`= 2.45 k`= 1.30
a= 0.464 a= 0.590 a= 0.550 a= 0.393
D= 50.30 D= 64.04 D= 59.72 D= 42.67 ΣDx = 216.72

Lb= 3 Lb= 4.5 Lb= 4

h= 30 h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 187.50 Kb= 125.00 Kb= 140.63

Lc= 1.7 Lc= 1.7 Lc= 1.7 Lc= 1.7

h= 25 h= 25 h= 25 h= 25
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kc= 191.48 Kc= 191.48 Kc= 191.48 Kc= 191.48
k`= 0.49 k`= 0.33 k`= 0.37 k`= 0.37
a= 0.197 a= 0.140 a= 0.155 a= 0.155
D= 37.66 D= 26.87 D= 29.70 D= 29.70 ΣDx= 123.93

Frame on Axis A-A & C-C

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Lb= 3 Lb= 4.5 Lb= 4
h= 30 h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 187.50 Kb= 125.00 Kb= 140.63

Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3

h= 25 h= 30 h= 30 h= 25
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kc= 108.51 Kc= 187.50 Kc= 187.50 Kc= 108.51
k`= 1.73 k`= 1.67 k`= 1.42 k`= 1.30
a= 0.464 a= 0.455 a= 0.415 a= 0.393
D= 50.30 D= 85.23 D= 77.74 D= 42.67 ΣDx = 255.93

Lb= 3 Lb= 4.5 Lb= 4

h= 30 h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 187.50 Kb= 125.00 Kb= 140.63

Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3

h= 25 h= 30 h= 30 h= 25
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kc= 108.51 Kc= 187.50 Kc= 187.50 Kc= 108.51
k`= 1.73 k`= 1.67 k`= 1.42 k`= 1.30
a= 0.464 a= 0.455 a= 0.415 a= 0.393
D= 50.30 D= 85.23 D= 77.74 D= 42.67 ΣDx = 255.93

Lb= 3 Lb= 4.5 Lb= 4

h= 30 h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 187.50 Kb= 125.00 Kb= 140.63

Lc= 1.7 Lc= 1.7 Lc= 1.7 Lc= 1.7

h= 25 h= 30 h= 30 h= 25
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kc= 191.48 Kc= 330.88 Kc= 330.88 Kc= 191.48
k`= 0.49 k`= 0.19 k`= 0.21 k`= 0.37
a= 0.197 a= 0.086 a= 0.096 a= 0.155
D= 37.66 D= 28.55 D= 31.78 D= 29.70 ΣDx = 127.69

Frame on AXIS B-B

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ii) D – value for frame in y direction

Top tie, intermediate and Grade beam stiffness Kb=140.63 cm3

Kb=187.5 cm3

Column stiffness Kc=108.51 cm3

Kc=130.21 cm3

Footing column stiffness Kc=191.48 cm3

Kc=229. cm3
Lb= 4 Lb= 3
h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 140.63 Kb= 187.50

Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3

h= 25 h= 25 h= 25
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kc= 108.51 Kc= 108.51 Kc= 108.51
k`= 1.30 k`= 3.02 k`= 1.73
a= 0.393 a= 0.602 a= 0.464
D= 42.67 D= 65.31 D= 50.30 Σdy = 158.27

Lb= 4 Lb= 3
h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 140.63 Kb= 187.50

Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3

h= 25 h= 25 h= 25
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kc= 108.51 Kc= 108.51 Kc= 108.51
k`= 1.30 k`= 3.02 k`= 1.73
a= 0.393 a= 0.602 a= 0.464
D= 42.67 D= 65.31 D= 50.30 Σdy = 158.27

Lb= 4 Lb= 3
h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 140.63 Kb= 187.50

Lc= 1.7 Lc= 1.7 Lc= 1.7

h= 25 h= 25 h= 25
b= 25 b= 25 b= 25
Kc= 191.48 Kc= 191.48 Kc= 191.48
k`= 0.37 k`= 0.86 k`= 0.49
a= 0.155 a= 0.300 a= 0.197
D= 29.70 D= 57.43 D= 37.66 Σdy = 124.79

Frames on AXIS 1-1 & 4-4

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Lb= 4 Lb= 3
h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 140.63 Kb= 187.50

Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3

h= 25 h= 25 h= 25
b= 30 b= 30 b= 30
Kc= 130.21 Kc= 130.21 Kc= 130.21
k`= 1.08 k`= 2.52 k`= 1.44
a= 0.351 a= 0.558 a= 0.419
D= 45.66 D= 72.59 D= 54.51 Σdy = 172.76

Lb= 4 Lb= 3
h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 140.63 Kb= 187.50

Lc= 3 Lc= 3 Lc= 3

h= 25 h= 25 h= 25
b= 30 b= 30 b= 30
Kc= 130.21 Kc= 130.21 Kc= 130.21
k`= 1.08 k`= 2.52 k`= 1.44
a= 0.351 a= 0.558 a= 0.419
D= 45.66 D= 72.59 D= 54.51 Σdy= 172.76

Lb= 4 Lb= 3
h= 30 h= 30
b= 25 b= 25
Kb= 140.63 Kb= 187.50

Lc= 1.7 Lc= 1.7 Lc= 1.7

h= 25 h= 25 h= 25
b= 30 b= 30 b= 25
Kc= 229.78 Kc= 229.78 Kc= 191.48
k`= 0.31 k`= 0.71 k`= 0.49
a= 0.133 a= 0.263 a= 0.197
D= 30.49 D= 60.45 D= 37.66 Σdy = 128.60

AXIS 2-2 & 3-3

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Center of stiffness for each storey

x – Direction y - direction

Roof level Roof level

frame on Dy x(m) Dy*x frame on Dx y(m) Dx*y

Axis 1-1 158.27 0 0 Axis A-A 216.72 0 0
Axis 2-2 172.76 3 518.27 Axis B-B 255.93 4 1023.73
Axis 3-3 172.76 7.5 1295.68 Axis C-C 216.72 7 1517.01
Axis 4-4 158.27 11.5 1820.13 Total 689.36 2540.73
Total 662.06 3634.08

xs 
 D  x  3634.08  5.49 m
y
ys 
 D  y  2540.73  3.69 m
x

D y 662.06 D 689.36x

First floor Level First floor Level

frame on Dy x(m) Dy*x frame on Dx y(m) Dx*y
Axis 1-1 158.27 0 0 Axis A-A 216.72 0 0
Axis 2-2 172.76 3 518.27 Axis B-B 255.93 4 1023.73
Axis 3-3 172.76 7.5 1295.68 Axis C-C 216.72 7 1517.01
Axis 4-4 158.27 11.5 1820.13 Total 689.36 2540.73
Total 662.06 3634.08

xs 
 D  x  3634.08  5.49 m
y
ys 
 D  y  2540.73  3.69 m
x

D y 662.06 D 689.36x

Ground Ground
floor floor
frame on Dy x(m) Dy*x frame on Dx y(m) Dx*y
Axis 1-1 124.79 0 0 Axis A-A 123.93 0 0
Axis 2-2 128.60 3 385.79 Axis B-B 127.69 4 510.77
Axis 3-3 128.60 7.5 964.49 Axis C-C 123.93 7 867.49
Axis 4-4 124.79 11.5 1435.06 Total 375.55 1378.26
Total 506.77 2785.35

xs 
 D  x  2785.35  5.50 m
y
ys 
 D  y  1378.26  3.67 m
x

D 506.77
y D 375.55
x

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Computation of frame shear (Qi)

Di
Qi   Fi
 Di
Frame shear in Frame shear in y-
X-direction direction
Axis storey Dx Fi Q Axis storey Dy Fi Q
A-A 123.93 5.609 1.8508 1,1 124.79 5.609 1.381
B-B Ground 127.69 5.609 1.9070 2,2 128.60 5.609 1.423
Ground
C-C 123.93 5.609 1.8508 3,3 128.60 5.609 1.423
Σ 375.55 4,4 124.79 5.609 1.381
A-A 216.72 23.907 7.516 Σ 506.77
st
B-B 1 255.93 23.907 8.876 1,1 158.27 23.907 5.715
C-C 216.72 23.907 7.516 2,2 172.76 23.907 6.238
1st
Σ 689.36 3,3 172.76 23.907 6.238
A-A 216.72 17.235 5.418 4,4 158.27 23.907 5.715
B-B Roof 255.93 17.235 6.399 Σ 662.06
C-C 216.72 17.235 5.418 1,1 158.27 17.235 4.120
Σ 689.36 2,2 172.76 17.235 4.497
Roof
3,3 172.76 17.235 4.497
4,4 158.27 17.235 4.120
Σ 662.06

Determination of eccentricity
In our case let us ignore the actual eccentricity and adjust for accidental eccentricity only.
i) Accidental eccentricity
eax  0.05.Ly And eay  0.05.Lx

In order to resist the accidental torsion resulting due to accidental eccentricities, frame shears (Q)
are corrected using a factor  .

 xi 
  1  0.6  
 Le 

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Le for x – direction frames = 7 m Le for y – direction frames = 11.5 m
x –direction frames y – direction frames
Roof level Roof level
Xi Le Xi
Frames Le (m) δ Frames Δ
(m) (m) (m)
A 7 3.55 1.30 1 11.5 5.2 1.27
B 7 0.45 1.04 2 11.5 2.2 1.11
C 7 3.45 1.30 3 11.5 2.3 1.12
4 11.5 6.3 1.33

1st floor Level 1st floor Level

Xi
Frames Le (m) δ Frames Le (m) Xi (m) δ
(m)
A 7 3.35 1.29 1 11.5 4.84 1.25
B 7 0.65 1.06 2 11.5 1.84 1.10
C 7 3.65 1.31 3 11.5 2.66 1.14
4 11.5 6.66 1.35

Ground floor Ground floor

Frames Le (m) Xi (m) δ Frames Le (m) Xi (m) Δ
A 7 4.2 1.36 1 11.5 5.86 1.31
B 7 0.2 1.02 2 11.5 2.86 1.15
C 7 2.8 1.24 3 11.5 1.64 1.09
4 11.5 5.64 1.29

Corrected frame shear ( QC    Q )

x – Direction frames y – direction frames
Roof level Roof level
Frames Q δ Qc Frames Q δ Qc
A 5.42 1.30 7.067 1 4.12 1.289 5.311
B 6.40 1.04 6.645 2 4.50 1.022 4.598
C 5.42 1.296 7.020 3 4.50 1.311 5.895
4 4.12 1.311 5.401

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1st floor Level 1st floor Level

Frames Q δ Qc Frames Q δ Qc
A 7.516 1.29 9.674 1 5.72 1.25 7.159
B 8.876 1.06 9.370 2 6.24 1.10 6.837
C 7.516 1.31 9.867 3 6.24 1.14 7.104
4 5.72 1.35 7.701

Ground floor Level Ground floor Level

Frames Q δ Qc Frames Q δ Qc
A 1.851 1.36 2.517 1 1.38 1.31 1.803
B 1.907 1.02 1.940 2 1.42 1.15 1.636
C 1.851 1.24 2.295 3 1.42 1.09 1.545
4 1.38 1.29 1.787

Lateral forces on the building frames due to the earthquake

x – Direction frames
7.067 KN X-axis 6.645 KN X-axis

9.674 KN 9.37 KN

2.517 KN 1.94 KN

Frame on Axis A Frame on Axis B

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7.02 KN X-axis

9.867 KN

2.295 KN

Frame on Axis C

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y – Direction frames

5.311 KN Y-axis 4.6 KN Y-axis

7.159 KN 6.837 KN

1.803 KN 1.636 KN

Frame on Axis-1 Frame on Axis-2

5.895 KN Y-axis 5.401 KN Y-axis

7.104 KN 7.701 KN

1.545 KN 1.787 KN

Frame on Axis-3 Frame on Axis-4

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