Operational Armplifiens, Exeploin drawbacks of R-< coupled & Pre amp\iFens- Drowbatks of R-¢ coupled Amplifiers: ps: px low Frequindes the wactonce oF coupnyng copaditom inuumases. Hence the gain denrases- oy At Wigh Faeqquendés tne neattance bewomMes vert} LOW overloading takes place. Hence tne goin decrnzases. a7 Zero Fraguenty OC amplified. T+ amplifies noise signds: ap xt naquines copacitons , trans Tonm2+*: ence Ht con not be Fabieaded in Ic Foam. paawbatks oF piaect-coupled AmpiiPrer- mp is high only Fon. DE on 19 Frege signals cannot be 9 Te 90h “URN, signals: he output adnan > Even iv absence oF input signe) output is cbroined. This is coed ‘paid! 4) Even i} iwpud ts Ac, DC corp im output: 5> TF inpud contains smal noise signa! then ie become Vor loge at output dur to igh gin. ges vaian Age on Herne & SUP] is present Qa ™~™ Explain advantages of MIFumtbal Amp. An. Advantages ch DIPReren tol Amp: Le Tk com amplity, bein Ae # PC signals . ply vo\tage.(P=62 pendant of Fraquency, ange with Age 2. THs gain 's inde fis qniny mum + 3. The ouiput does mot | supply vortag® je dal? tFearnce petween 4, I+ arnpl hes the jwo input signals: 5. I+ nejects common-™M? nolse signals. 6 As dual powe supply ts used thoan compli FY positive & megotive slgnAs. eating of difFenental Amp _ Bxplain the DiPFexcntio! Amplitex “yee amplifies dtFeence bebween two inputs. Re : Tt consists oF WO y identica) transis tess Ty : &Tp- The inputs Vv &V2 9 anagoptied te bases oF T, & To. The eoliectons one conneded to *V¥ec through Re & botn emitters ore conned4d to -Veg thaough RE, The output Is obtaind bebwe 2n Colledons .& it 15 olven by Vout = AC V,~ CV-V2 | where As gain. da signs & Re=n 9 coTH TO OD) moda. input: oe orn sland 1s appyed te b paisrpedc. pence outpusd bewomes orn input, My EY LM pase . : a Out = AWy=-V2y = jp oistencotal mode inpuls - yy Ve Oe \go" out of “xn tnis mode phase & aqual yude, Hence dain is eee in pewomes pus 8 Subput vouk = ACY-EW= 2AM magi ye OVD * we can Vee aE np ip Fo’ ip Foviowing cn ; ‘guaations. pp ovel input bolanced Cdeuble) ended oul iv o> Duct input unbalanced / single ended ey ap stage input double ended. outpyd ap APNE inpus single ended output Expioin need oF dual power supply in pirenannel Ampiner + copaditars > In gigfearntol empleo coup one not used. WHEY input Is applied. ne base oF impus nons\sto- is qnownded. 29 40h eoting point sional source: Tris changes 2P & ourpuk oF ompR e OF anansstOm— apc potent + yo gnound potentisl . meded pawen in opactinQ. Dene opamp & state We cnarnodentstits oF Beate opamp is a high qoin amplifier which consists AFfenamtol Amplifiers - chonadanistes of Ideal opamp > The epem loop gain is infinite. A= D Ioputs impedance ts intivte. Rin = oo 2 commen mode Rejethon aako Is infinite cmp 4D Fasquincy response is infinite. Bw =o —— 5> Slew node Is inBnite, dvour _ oo ces 6> oukpud Impedance 15 tero. Rout =o a) Toput bias cunnent I's Reo, Tyao &) Lnpud of Fset cunnent is qer0. To =0 9) Inpud offset Voltage Is Heo. Vto=0 Q. Daow symbol & Pin diognam of IC 14) opamp. v , Not conneded o Invanhing| ae impud oe] Vout Nov-inv' oust input Vout -v ‘Vee oF Fseh Nur) VeTmp. Q Bra blouse diagram of opamp &explain Fontion oF each block. Co Mmoankd —| Topud Second ea ral om, DIFTen- mitre] oe cel ic hod Fo\ow swith 3: Amp a Vout ro out(4 amp So high ; goin A say oF Forums os mplitie. Lt consists st > DEP Ss sta & DiPerntias Ampliven 2 contains dual f : Ba \< = dual tnput & doubl onde ° put NFFeantiol oad ana : ans ve cunnant source. T+ provid ' x vides ? © oo impedance a> = candids fe iy Dr s Bain 45> thoh cMRR S> Et aeduces elps tonraduce the dnift. » = stage DiFFerentio) Amplitten e sewnd stage contains dizfenanhal an with two inpuds & single out pul: pe QUO japed & Unbalanced. ost put Digs. Armpit: qwis STO8e provides addihenct gain & invzases CMRR- 2 Erith 22, Follow e> - Emitter FoWow O acs as butter 5 < ‘ - itr ides yer Win inpur impadance gE unity goin: ae is used 4 quid. overloading: “> p-c Level shitter: Tn Sie Tpupied Amplifias Pe p-c wel oF cascaded stages INrases ge Rnoy beomes ppscence oF MPU equat to powensupPls voltage. In The dic level sitter IS ero voit \evel- noise am pin ovrpud St9d&" . Z Fis StOse contains pash- pus pow nr utpet Tmped ante ors Lt provides low © a vottmout pampi®. & sutRi bot eon? So \oa. gistondton- ty haps po sepphs noe voltage witout gistertod ‘Vt? Panarnakans oF OP-AMP 2. Exeplain Following poramens oF opamp. > Drpet pias cunant (Ey) 5, An idea) spamp draws 1° eo cunnen} from appliad Input 2 Sonat Bud pradicatly i+ =F absoabs a smal) volust oF de tps Tests Waren} te bias dhe transistars >= to Ane Finst ditteunhal om pliters. Gmenay because of siight mismadkh oF two input ransistang cunts Flowing through inverting terminal & Noninventing terminal CTE ors not equal. Toe avennge oF biasing cunnants of invent, & Movinventing Inpubs te provide kro outpad with Reno topub signal ts caidas Input bias conunt It ts abous GONADS SoonA. 2 Input offsek cunnent (To) An idea) opamp draws no Tb} cunnent. Bud practeally if 2] + aesonlos a small valu of dc ee cvanent yo bias the tronsistons, im ame TS digtmental amp. Te = [Te.- Ts| Genaohy because of svght mismo of tuo fnpud transistoas, currants Ftecoing through, inverting & noninverting input terminals one Nort equa}. The ditfensnce behween the biasing. CUorents oF invating terminal CIb2d & non- Input oFfsek Grant, : THis max 2onA. Zo =F Tes) x inaicades mismedch oF +nansis tons - Gp[Pe 65] ke gopu4 offset Voltage (Vig) ee x we? im pud voltages to an opamp ane weno, the Spud voltage must be _ ped ther is small £ gn Voitage. of ovdput to mismatch I the Vag Valus oF input ynansistoss: This small ernor voltage od the. oudpud ts cond as oudpub offset Voltage / The inpus ofFse voltage is equal fo AiFenante yg, VOUS oF Ynpus tnansistors. oR The input offsck voltage Is tne woltage which must be applied across the. input paminals fe brain ae cubpul wrieas : js coud OF OF Tseh eornpensosion » For This Toa) typicody ir is F 2TOV- “9 Cornmon mods Rejedion oto CCMRRD he. Roto of diffensnta) volteQe gain to wrmmon mode voltage acin Is calid 0% MRR. \Ag| Aa = dit Fexntia) soto Slevs Rode. The maximum Com change 15 cold as Ss! mobe od ushich the output Jew note; P66 \ Slew nade is measuard in Volts /Asec, sa dYout a ° The lous sieve node is undesinable ,beause fb Produces distcation. For TCG it is ogy EIA ct slow slewaste om sharply nising 15 05 shown in Ho. iad - |. : Th. outpud ~ ifs ae ary ONeud, \ de> delayed ae by Rme ay & Dost: The change in oulput voltage Sten cans © ime Aner dus to change indempe ain, intempaahae os dua to pasfanrnance of components Is coud a. dnif+. Mos} cf opamp porameans au PEA dad ape © 3° Gain : i OREM loop Gain: gain oF opamp witneuk Feedbauk is cotiud as Open loop gain. Id is veo Wah. Far ideal opam? it is intinite. Ib ts Merah, OF cudpuy Wltage to dit feunhas Input Voltage A = oul Wis gain is ynstable: 14 changes Vin with temp & asing of adive devices. > Closed loop Gain ee oe So Voits/ tsec Mase sional a. The gain ef opamp with Feed bak Is catid as closed loop gain. En epamp to ebtain a stable goin a Seed bale Rasistan is connected belween out pul & inverting Input teaminas. By Stcding propervaluc ef Peedbatk Resistor tne aain is adjusted in tne Lange \o? Tt iS given by Bei Aqu= Aci =lo0e0 14 AQ® Tu pic, whens Aci closed lwop gain Aox= open icep sein @ = Peedboux Fader.> . Tey t Piexpiain Fasquimty acsponse oF opamp, (smarts) A. Qolpy—m 10-7 Voltage x loo WK lok look (MAY Fnaquenc —> Closed loop gain ‘t open \wop galn Frequancy response is tha curve bubw een Voltage Qain & Fraquinty. OparnP shows good Fasponse oven wide Range oF Traquancy: The gain without Feadbade Is open \ooP goin. an Ye midband it 's_ 100000" The Jarquancy oF which gain goin bewmes 70°7 y. oF max goin is eoblid 04 cul-09F Inaquinty. The open \cop cub-oF} Snaquny is 10 Hy Beyond cud 0FF the voltage Qos Fos by 2odb perdecade -This dersase in goin \s dus to wmpensating capacitor - The gain usith negative Feadbade Is closed loop gain. This isgain ts stable bul less tnan open tpopodin . The Closed loop cud -oF F Taquiny, Us Wooo Hy . The Puquincy of which sain becomes Goin-bandwidin produck is tanstant. ibis IMB7 10> Topub Impedance’ Trpud Tmpedance is 4p, looking into is inpud terminals ae mi opamp daaws Fr, ™ impedonce. yo much CUT Indicates ho: input veitose i Seer input impedance oF opamp iy infinife . Hence opammP dans NO CUUUNE Fae input. Fan ToT! itis DMD: > Outpad Trnpedan/é © qusput Tmpedante V5 the npedance Teoking FneT? Its ovtpud terminal, Ty ddemines row mth mad mum currant i+ sive oud pub yoitage i my drop ir itmous amy dxen (Po Te ot Oram fs 1dy Bondwidin' the Frequency MNSE From lowe, cub-o9F Frequancy b te Upper cud -ofF Fraquinc fs catled Bandwidth: Fox epamp lower cud ogy Frequincy is 0. Theastare bandwidrn Ms equal to upper-cuu oF F Trequency. Ideatiyy OP-amps Bandwidin is cO. Prathcaly it fs in MYR Q, Explain tna wortung oF champ O4 TON- (nvenk. amplifier, Derive an expression Fan ts gai Re Rin as ie > re Equivalen} cincui}.Tp non-inverting Amp input signal 15 ed to MEN-invetng impul terminal. A eesboes pasiston Rt is wnneded behween outpul ening inpud terminal. The invaking tumiral te ape’ im gM aneked te gnO4md through Ry, perivadton vy For ideas opamp opentenp again Is 07 pene qnens is no polenhas ditfounce behween nye cay & noninveartng (3) haminal - ay The inpud impedance 1s CO Hence cunnent an noua opamp 5 wre > Zin Ls Nt oe Nims Ved ANIN (ram ay cintuit) Rin Rr i vous Vin = YRS Rin Vin a Vin RS Q. Explain tne concent of vintual ground . Explotn she a ENG x, : 7 inverting Nixd 2 eae Amp\\Han inpud is aypied te inverting, = impus & non-inverting, inpus 15 920) Tha open leop goin is inknite. A= Yet 20 V-vazo V2 wndad, Bs Va tov vi HOV teS a « output {5 out of phase. with input, The point A fs ot eno crgnound, Wren non-inverting terminal t5 Broun the invating taminal is alse SRovndeg Fea iene aduel sweak baucen anege hat Fexminals. Thers ts very Wah tnpub tmq Re Hance It is known os vintual around he. An ondinany ground can sink mR, cornet bub Vintual em gnound draws Te coment. TA has Y20 volkage b Bete came Plain the working of iny : ah, Aim phig, Denive an exparssion Fen gain. Xe. ——= Rin Sn inverting Amplitin the inpul signal i's applied to inventing input terminal thasugh Rin Rasistance Rp is comnedad bebween oubpud G& inverting input. The non -invanting taminal 1's Sounded - As input impedance is tnhnit]e & 4a pen \oop gain Is innite. the PorenHal AF ermnce between inpud teaminals is HO. The peind A Is od Vindual ground. From jane eaivalind cincuit. Zin i Vin. Vouk : “Rin RE Nin Ri —ve slow Indicades tnod the \ | Vous = =REVin cal RkExPAD MMe vse o5 ars @: Ze enengen, ESP ss inven ; sign cremser ie Ri RP=R, a A buSFen is astage tho fsolotes the praceding stage From the Farousing stage. at ides UNIFY galm ,oinpot impedance puro oudpud impedance, Im ne above cincult opamp Is used as dnon-inverting ampiten _Toput signa 1s appliad to non-inverting inpur. output termine) is Fedbads to inverting input jeaminal without Feedbate nasistanie- RE cae: eos The gon 03 pon nVvetng araplitien IsVout + As Rp ay aie Ry Nin Vout = Vin | Thus output is same os inpub, Pam a inpud impedance / Above dacuj} aid *Fide, NA, a > Mu. QO Explain te appiaton of opamp as fevers. summing Amplifier. CAddenS ing Ry = ae ee ee Adder. is an inverting Amplitien. Let ine Vel VU,VajVa one applied to inveaking input Senenh 88 Thacugh Ri, Ro eRe ASPechveay «The nen ~inverti jnpuk js qaounded. : i ™~ Tee laverting inpub terminal is od Vinal Qround potential. Vy tM Tas ke ry 2¥e Teg, THR Te Re These cumments meet ob inverting inpud termina. The input trpedance oF opamp i's Vews high hence it draws no (wnt, Terol Cernent Le Plows thnoush Feedback ansistan Rp only. Di+Ti+T, 8 St Ne YR Vout Ri “Ro Re Re = ML No a VERE Now = -Re (Ze “Ea” Re iF Ry=RaaWy a Rj Vouk = —RE (vie Va+Vg) ; Ri ‘ Ean Bar fi Vout = —(vyxVatVe) ‘The owdpud Is sum of Input voltages with -vé S100— oe P-73\ : _pxplaie the wee of epamp os DiPFernhator . save ar ercparssion Fon eufput. Draw tne D wove#>oam whi ‘ ote oe nr ee eH) square wove soput y c yee nas \ he AF Fernotor produces ourput as Lee in pus. voltage. The Moput Voltage is applied fo te inventing germinal trough capacitor. Resiston RF Is Ternecked bebween out pul & inverting input The non-inverting terminal is comedad +e The inventing input taming (+ of winked ground: TF vinis Me instantaneous HAD © oF Semen Vie ye b= OI The current Flowing tprcugh coPe = 3% = cdvin around - dton I's ar ‘ ; asta Input impedance of opamp fe vey brave jt draws no connot Tin = TF zavin . octet ax £3[p-74) Tnpud b- oud pul wavejoams of She : h Input Nin Reg, _ 0 | /\ rove Sp ‘ 14 ° toveded Va] when amp is applied Inverter pulse is obtay Guhen square wave \s inpud SP Penton! produtes spikes because Vout= —d Vin ag ot Explain the vse of opamp as integrator. « Explain She vse ot oper POs SOR ATO Shay a. its oudpud waveform If input ts oppliad Te a Tntegnotor pacdues owdput proportional +o inteqnation of inp. The tput signod is applied to Invesdinoy, Inpud thacugh Ri, capacitor is anneded behueen oubpud & inverting inpud. The nom Inventing terminal is grounded. The inventing input terminal is ot virtual qnound. T, = Vin Fotopodtor | Ry 'aioe impedance oF opamp i : pws DS current. P Is very high- Vin. c Afevout) Ri ar Ving —¢ d Vout R\ dt st a BVvou) = — 2 ‘lind . Rie oot Ss both sides. sate (Vout = Wd Vind wnan squene out i 90msa SSIS oe ie TL proces HOT alone WoHs OS cubpus- when inp Munases 14 & Trtegaoto aes as low pass Filer & DIFF anentoton ads a Nigh pass Bite) wd is constant pe perp Hnealy, in timeQ Exploin the vse of opamp as eebha ag, coo S Subtraton produces output as ding In tmpuds. The inputs v, BV, one oFBied 9 inventing & hon-inventing inputs, Honough gy Ra is connedad behween oudpud Biny The non-inverting, is grounded toncuge | nn The input impedance oF ap-amp js a wn . it draws nocunnend, oy I,>Ia) & 1 The openlewp goin oF OPAMP IS intiniy, A=. Yo 5 20, Va~YB=9° | Va=Vp =v ‘ave tenkal otential - The points A&B ae ee ro Patan Nev = Voveut pa ‘erV ae De aa Te Ro =3 “Ry! a em -Vv t,t Vv eV— Vout Ry Re Voud = 2V As (Es = Ea) Minien Va = Vv {PF RE RD — 2) A Vv, Nee d) Ry Ra Verve Substtuie > In aq hone Vouk = V2-V\ adTP=T7) Explain Mafewnh Noss oF companatons. aa comparator Isa clacsit with tuo input es output vottage . cornpe nodon compares non-lnventing. inpub a inverHng Mpud voltage. When the non - ee inpud Voltage Is grader than inverting duces Wigh cub erage PRS voliage (4 Veot ned non-\nverting voltage is less tnan the a age W panda anaes aa jpgaing voltage WT pasties ouput as (vse) Tapes oF companators mv 2rting OM patroden. wiin hap ReP.voltas¢ non i We ristpe taped 1S ; invent in: e+ appl ed to Nom inv 4 peur ad & mverting + OK Voot sanrninas 15 grounded. [0] J wren[Vin 7 0 Youd Vout -v Nin 20 Vout = -Vsot » Non-inverting comparator with non-rero Ref, In ths type fpud is appliad te noninverting, terminal & REF voltage Is copped te inventing texmin al. Vin av when Vin Varad, Vout veal Ge, a Vin Vash, Vout = -Veak + -Vv > Inventing, wero crossing Detector LTP 3 Husteresis, a) +Vs0k h BY sad ‘BVsat Zn =Vsob . 7 incwt dQ. Transtar 7 eae shes a 7 Schrnit+ trigger {5 used to conve on Periodically vorying voltage inte o parted square wae. To seyenitt trigger positive Teedbacs Js Used The output is wnnedad back +o No? tnverting terminal through Ry & Ro Is 4 connected AWN non-inverting & BEANS: ad\e \npur signal is applled te Inventing minal (0 ee vedback ts cbtes positive Feedback is cbtained using vo Vag e. metwork . when the out pub is positively jad a positive voltage is Fedback . The voltage applied to non-inv ding is The gil St arr cond > upper trigger point CUT PD Ro rpe CAN - UTP RA sot) = PD sot Cp = Ris calad as we Feed bad, a RARE Brackion. when the output is nagotivaly soduanted a egonVe voltage is Pedbauk to DoN- invading inpok yenrminal This reTaamnte voltage is paid aS Lower taiggen point CLTP) utp = Be — CVsar) = “Bysot- RitRo The diPFeamce beween UTP & LTP is calsd a8 Hystentsi's’, Wystessis Is desinable it prevents noise From causing Folse trignaing. The scnmidt +2 agu cincwt wempanes ud with aafaun Z voltage ina) HProdUles oubp' the inverting imP oTnon inventing serum OS *Vs0d Or HVsah 12 SPRUE WONE. Ninop-amp Pamvlac. ee gparn as invertins . Opamp as diFtanenhaton. Vout = — Rec d¥in, ar » opamp a4 intzqnoton Vout = —1_ (yy Bre in 4D opamp as senmitt Trigger. Ro = D> cfheedback Factom DP RiaRo . : 2AAR s Re = BxCYsat) = -Vsat) 3 ut P= ier Aho pysteres = VTP=-LTP » a as Inventing amplitiur, in oF et " 0 — p Ol ‘ jn = Vouk = fe Vout |Goy an R) Vout ° Vouk = \« RE ~ R) Vin . _ dVout \o) Slew note = —— . jus dh. IT) Goin bandwidtn product = 601% BanP-8i-A Romenicals oP OpaMP 95 Odden, Ex 4, In an inverting adder Q= ia X 2S Rye seri RRS ERR ME OLY yO Fy Vas ov also draw cacit diagram Say For inventing adder ouput ts aiven by My Ye Va Re Cart Ra RG u Vout = Fy i exo (Sl 4 G02, os Jo® — 2x1o> 3 x10% = ~¢ [on T eVe on) = —6¢ xc:\ -oO6Vae tpventing adder caleviote oudput 2 mpd voltages OAL Sco-mvy, -iv, 15V & vy = Soo ™Y, Vo = -\v, Va= bSv age = VOR) fe(Ry= Re=R3) oko: fom inverting adder oudpus is olven by = -® Mig Nay VE Nie Ca. Ro RS = — BE (va Ve* Vs) Ry —1o [os-1415] = -\0V For. Inventing adder, inputs ore 150 ™Y, lv Input resistomces Ka collate Ex - o'a5V, auipud Feedback nasistawce IF RP Voud=-1°5Y| ‘for inverting adden wa, M2 V3" Rr=Rr=R3) Vout = H RFC Re RRS ah Vous = 7 SE Tvyrvr2¥3s ° Rie L : J 15 = —Re CO5* 03541} RR = SKM,Exd, In op-amP ee oo : a ‘ ip pud resistance od es Ince Seon prow cincus} diapray . Solo: fox inverting Amp\iHa Vout 2 RE (Vout = 5 Vin) vin Ry 20x107 R) So] ae Ry = Galovo= ii. gn Poa nasistance) 5 SF Cignona -ve 2! Ex 2. Find out min Bmax voltage goin. LF Vinz -dmy Fing out Vou) For mar gain. pee Jenn RH2KR RB eminy = 4 +O = 4a Veut Reumax) = 4 +10= I4k. Goin oF Inveting Amp = - RE SI min = Cee > GoD GMa = — Me = -7 2 ; = Nout = Vinx gain = 026% CT) = Tomvopamp aives oudput a2 mv when signal oF 2MV Is oluen ot DOP™ ‘ . OF = ie imp RE = 20 KA calculate ‘ pAasrston (e * Vout = 2? amv ive aw gin = % Vin = 2 TV, Rp 220K, non-inverting Amp govo: FO = Vi RE Vout in (le aD Vous. x BE vin Ry oe _ y+ 2oxie® Ri \o = 29x10” Ri a, opamp has Mp ceo. pon nvertin! Ko .coleulade oud pus voltag: oF S KR RP= 25 Fox input voltage 5 MV: R= TKR Rp eed KD, ViN= smv Given: soln: Olt, Vous = Vin te al 3 5 = 5x\0 (19%) = 5x10 x, G Vout = 30. ™MVNumeicals oP Tnteaq2040 Exd. Find the. outpud voltoge OF OPAMP IntegnaH, after to sec, IF imped VOtage 5S Vor DC Re lokn, c= lot Fom integnotom cave Ee Ne =(Nenox ee - ——— N = -> in od ae § 3 = -_\____ (4 tox torxioxie & ° lo =o *) 73, == So xo Cha Ex2: Find output voltage of integnoton often, & sec (P R= 2ekn, C= SOMP Vin = 2™v De 5OxK\0=-S0Ov Draw cirncui} diagaam - qo { axa” de roxlo® x 5oxio & ° -(x10*) anale = -2x10xS = = 0 my._ Ep oM opamp dig5 c= Bet Rind Oudpad yy aa 2 Manges Mei yoltag From bv ih yi Rank, 6 CS ayes R Nir a Voy o ATF erantioton. = Rec ain & as 2x8 xan, x x2: Tr difterenhoton Re=5 Mar c=20u8 Find ovspyud Voltage iF inpud voltage cnenges from O\V to O-6V IM jo sec. =< Given 1 RE = 5X10 | C= DOAlO “F gtalose AVI = Ving Win = 06-0") = 05 sel: Veud = - REC dVin ¢ -6 9. _ sx\o x20xl0 x = a \o x05 V Nous = “5p—8\-& Nemeiceais of Schmitt Trigge . Ex A. En clacult of schmitt Tugger R= 15 ka Rae 5 KR, Vin= BV pop SME FVsates Fy 4) caleuiate IP UTP a> LTP a> Avsteresis ay @ soln: Ro fie CxVsot) TP Rit Rv - CNY) 2 ee Is+5 26,8'4 ZV Ae = & LTP = R= C-Vs03 Ry + Ro S (-\4) = -a5v 675 Rusteesis = UTP- LTP = 35- ©3:5D = 7V Feedback Factan p= Rk _ 6: RiyR> 20 = =o25464 4 => 0:25"Find the EMdihong Tor y Red LED will alou _ ae » : Soly: LED wil be oft > ; RReronce Wltage a. : TW enh on~ cong terminal op on Gun, a. is > = kr Se aan’ = Ska SO = 6 Fon Vv +> Nes oud = Vea} " fos LED wl tuan on when tee AMsah je when NS 6V » gatounce Voltoae For lower, mparctoa. 5 aKA XROV = BV aK Gnas LED will tan off IF Vout = = Vso Foe ome Sek he Vo, vay ~Vsat , Green LED will tuan oft when V, 2 av Ee Find 4he wnditon of Vin Toxwhith LED +5V commecred af outpud will Slow - Sol, +5 v ts divided AQUA aves two RE Vn rasistors R,:. Vo\tane of inverting Nout lnpud taaminal = 25 vy “~ > Fon. componator vous= xVsot if Ne > “LED will glow when Vin > 25 VEx. Im a non-inverting ampliHen iF Ri, mo = RS-= On. whot would be the output \ettage. Fo, a Aye input voltage *5V- For. non-inuanting AMP Vout = (i> REN vi, v iF RF =O Vout = Vin Nout = *5V Ex. An op-amp tokes 0-2 sec to change Gn ourput From o te lov Find 45 slew ee Solm. Slewnante = Sve Ex. The qein band widdn produd és AMR. Ty the goin oF arp ts So. whad will be mas. Treg? nod cam be ompliied. oslo Ustoation —t SelM. Goin x Bandwidin = 1 MAL Bandusidsn = IMAL Gain into AS = 2o ky. 50 Ex. Lt differents goin is 20000 & CT Men +hE4 gain is 2 calvlate CMRR in db. cure = Aa ~ 20000 = \oooo om = CMRR In db = 20 log cMRR 2o \o4 \O000 20 *+ eo dborn P oP fi gn? Ten IM cin which Vout P ASV antegnodan R=4ookn co 165 y uit Fon investing adder 19 y la p» xpd voitage RP 10Rj ae Fem eo PaTOP a Fax non inverting Amp Rin= > ouxpur VO\roSe iF Vin 25V Qjgy Tr beLow> cincud} Find conditions of Vy &Vz Fon \oomY, Vaz uw voltage - coicior® © , og a senenrtt frigger cincult R= 1S ka R= SKD ep ane 3Vp-P calculate UTP, LTP, HNsteusis, 2 [anal] a opamP jokes 0-5 Hsee to change eutput Favs =) o te lov Hind seu rode in Viusec In invert, Aeep Vin = 2:5, Voud= SV, Rin loka} F Ra RE. LR mak 20rd L & Vous 2 will be *Vsad & “Vea = IOV: Find its eutpud ene oo ie 2 a vt. yor, gdder Vi=200mv, v, = 5 mn a gazlkr RO 4KR, RpZIo! 6] aK . sme io _ynvesting Amplifier Ro iP Peambiodor, Feedback assistonis aM cnenges From Ol fo oy in 55ec. oe Breas, vie oF oat A | RP=O- collate SAD) whieh LED wile fad D wh ch LED wh at feb] 400m Hea, Find Vout, aay] er inpud aazistan SPelcr, Vout= av pid. 1PP ce: [rawhang) , 1> amv, Ve ane bs