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151 views13 pages

Practice Questions

It is helpful for Maharashtra hsc board students

Uploaded by

rabiya shaikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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=< serena yoy ete badocemaconehncaie Time: 3 Hours] PHYSICS (Max. Marks: 70 Q.1, Select and write the correct answer: [10] (i) A thin ring has mass 0.25 kg and radius 0.5 m. Its M.l. about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane is (a) 0.0625 kgm’ {b) 0.625 kgm? (c) 6.25 kgm? (a) 62.5 kgm? Ans. (a) 0.0625 kgm? (1 mark) [Hint Ig = MR? = 0125 » (0.5)? = 0.0625 kgm") (ii) Absorption of water by filter paper is | due to sy {a) cohesion {b) capillarity | (c) adhesion (4) elasticity (b) capillarity ) Ans. (iii) ‘The molar specific heat of an ideal gas at constant pressure and constant volume is C, and Cy respectively. If R is the universal gas constant and the ratio C, to Cy is 7 then Cy time: Ey and -Cy=R ©, = Cy & YCy-Cyp"R_ = Opt) =R (iv) The second law of thermodynamics deals with transfer of {a) work done (c) momentum Ans. (d) heat a () energy (4) heat (v) A body of m: 1 kg is performing linear S.H.M. Its displacement x cm at time t sec Ans. (c) 30h ti mark) ‘Tn the given circuit, capacitors are parallel Gy +C, = 10+ 10+ 10 = 30uR} (vi) One beat means that the intensity of sound shouldbe (a) once maximum (b) once maximum and once minimum (c) once minimum (a) twice maximum and twice minimum ‘Ans. (b) once maximum and once minimum (1 mark (vil) ‘The effective capacitor between A and B in the following circuit is __ c i Cy A aes Tone | 10H 10 ue 10 3 1 Sup (ec) 30uF (a) + (a) ur (b) FyuF (6) 30HF (a) Sour (1 mark) (viii) ceuracy of potentiometer can be easily inereased by _ (a) increasing resistance of wire (b) decreasing resistance of wire (c) increasing the length of wire (a) decreasing the length of wire ‘Ans. (c) increasing the length of wire (1 mark) (ix) Which of the following statement is correct for diamagnetic materials? (a) Susceptibility is negative and low (b) Susceptibility does not depend on temperature () a, Attempt any EIGHT: Qs. [16] Distinguish between centripetal force and Centrifugal force. | [ Centripetal force | Centrifugal force jilCentripetal force is, (Centrifugal force is ldirected along the radius|directed along the radius| Iowards the centre of a away from the centre of lire. lacircle, Gilitis a real force. lit is a pseudo force. | Rieismo? F = mo? F be the viscous force. By Newton’s law of viscosity, du Fe al ctl | dv Fe nade MEICE: where 1 is constant called coefficient of viscosity of the liquid F (1 mark) [iiit is considered in iis conseredin | etaitane a igasinerial frame of |) reference reference (Bach point - Ya mark) 0.4, State and explain Newton's law of viscosity. | (2) Ans. ¢Statement: For streamline flow, the viscous force acting on any layer is directly Proportional to the area (A) and the velocity du oni * Explanation: Let A be the area of layer. (1 mark) dv | GaP the velocity gradient dv zl nei ae Aether anes dx .5. Explain, on the basis of kinetic theory, how 2 the pressure of gas changes if its volume is reduced at constant temperature. (2) Let P - be the pressure exerted by the gas V - be the volume of the gas Ans. N- be the number of molecule of gas m- be the mass of each molecule of gas. :, Total mass of the gas, M = Nm. From kinetic theory of gases, (4 mark) 292 Pressure exerted by gas in an enclosed vessel is | Ans. Given. bayer Kinetic energy at constant temperature = constant a) Nis number which is also constant. constant P bs Vv R | Peo (mark) Vv Hence, at constant temperature, if pressure | of the gas is increased then its volume is reduced. (4s mark) A steam engine delivers 4.8 x 10°J of work per minute and services 1.2 x 10° J of heat Per minute from its boiler. What is the Percentage efficiency of the engine? (2) Given: W = 4.8 x 10°J, Qy = 1.2 * 10° To find: Efficiency (n) = ? Q6. Formula: = (/» mark) From formula, Percentage = 0.4 x 100= 40% The percentage efficiency of the steam engine is 40%. A proton is accelerated in a cyclotron in which the magnetic induction is 0.6 Wb/ m2. Find the cyclotron frequency. (Given: m, = 1.673 = 10?” kg, e= 1.6 x 10-9) Given: B = 0.6 Wb/m?, 0 m, = 1.673 * 10-7" ke, e= 1.6 « 10-9 To find : Frequency (n) =? eB Qxm 27. (2) Ans. (% mark) From formula, 6 * 10-19 x 2% 3.142 « 1.673 * 1 16 a0 x 108 = 9.13 x 10° 10 51g Frequency n= 9.13 x 10° Hz Two sound waves travel at a speed of 330 m/s. If their frequencies are also identical and are equal to 540 Hz, what will be the phase difference between the waves at points 3.5 m from one source and 3 m from other if the sources are in phase? (2) _ iil (4 mark) (0 mark) Q9. Ans. Q.10. . Given: n, To find: Phase difference (Ag) = Formulae: Qn ear aes (4 mary) From formula (i), somes ~ 540 ~ 18 marr From formula (i), ane 3.5 - 3) AGS Srila Seams) 4 mark) 1 _2xnxl 1 oa Teme lax Sasi Te gas (4 mark) The phase difference between the wave ig 1.64%, 125 small liquid drops, each c 4 charge of 0.5 uC and each of diameter 0.1 m form a bigger drop. Calculate the potential at the surface of the bigger drop. 2 ec ese case lectrical Potential (V) Q aneyR As single drop is formed by coalescing, the big drop will have charge (mark Q= ng = 125x05*10%C Radius = 1251/3 x 0.05 ...(As R= n'/9 = (59)1/9 x 0.05 = 5*0.05 Radius r = 0.25 m (mark) From formula, ye 2210 * ee SEL Seay = 2250 x 10? = 2.25 x 10°V Electric potential is 2.25 x 10°V Calculate the change in angular momentum of electron when it jumps from 3" orbit to 1* orbit in hydrogen atom. (Take h = 6.33 x 10-% Js) @) 1 (first orbit), n, = 3 (third orbit), h = 6.33 x 10-3 Js To find Change in angular momentum (L, - L,) = ? (mark) (4 mark) | iets 6.33 x 10-34 3.142 2.11 * 10 kgm2/s, ‘The change in angular momentum of electron, when it jump from 3 orbit to 18 orbit | hnydrogen atom is 2.11 « 10% keemy2/¢" git. Draw a labelled circuit dij 2 ym ta ‘agram of meter bridge to determine the unknows resistance. 12) ins. Diagram: Meter scale © Labellings: X - Unknown resistance R, > Rheostat R - Resistance box K - Plug key G - Galvanometer D ~ Null point E - Battery J ~ Jocky Q12. State Faraday’s laws of induction. (2) Mus. *Faraday’s first law: Whenever there is a change of magnetic flux in a closed circuit, | @n induced emf is produced in the circuit. (1 mark) * Faraday’s second law: The magnitude of in duced emf produced in the circuit is directly Pr ‘portional to the rate of change of magnetic | lux linked with the circuit electromagnetic (1 mark) | | 7" e- ir But, Instantaneous emf = Instantaneous v; falue of potential drop. ™ equations (i) and (i), we have, (ii) (4 mark) R we have, We know, peak current jy = © Substituting in equation (ii i= jsinot (iv) from equation (i) and (v) there is no phase difference between alternating current and emfi.e. there is zero phase difference between current and emf, = 6) 2in at Fig.) Q.14. Define: (a) Threshold frequency (b) Work function. (2) (8) Threshold frequency: The minimum frequency of incident radiation required to start a photoemission in any photosensitive material is known as threshold frequency, (4 mark) Ans (1 mark) (b) Work function: The minimum amount of energy required to be provided to an electron to pull it out of the metal from the surface is called the work function of the metal. (1. mark) no eee EE 204 > Attempt any EIGHT: Q.15. Derive an expression for excess pressure inside a liquid drop. Ans. Due to surface tension free liquid drops and bubbles are spherical in shape, if effect and air resistance are negligible. A bubble or drop does not collapse because the resultant of the external pressure and the maller than the ure inside a bubble or drop i.e. Py ac Iron core pores (stationery) Q.23. Former alk Permanent Magnet a Lower Suspension (i) Ans. North > aan | emanent 7” soying Cail HOR Coe | ‘ig. Moving Coil Galvanometer (M.C.G.) (1 mark © Construction: A rectangular coil of thin insulated copper of N-turns wound over a non-magnetic frame. It is suspended between the concave poles of strong horse shoe magnet. The lower end of the coil is connected to a light spring. The current enters the coil through the fiber and leave through the spring. | 297 small mirror attached to the suspension wire used to measure the deflection of the coll by lamp and scale arrangement. The upper end Of the wire is connected to a rotating screw head so that plane of the coil can be adjusted in any desired position. A soft iron cylinder is fixed inside the coil such that the coil rotate freely between the poles of the magnet and the concave pole pieces. Soft iron cylinder Produces strong radial magnetic field. The Soft iron cylinder increases the strength of the magnetic field Pa A magnetic needle placed in uniform magnetic field has magnetic moment of 2 10-3 Am? and moment of inertia of 7.2 * 10-7 kg m?. It performs 10 complete oscillations in 6 sec. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field? (3) Given: M= 2% 10-? Am?, I= 7.2 * 10-7 kg m?, ecemg Te) 7 ye {As there are 10 oscillations per 6 sec.) To find: Magnetic field (B) For la: T = 2: y i rmutat = 2xy| Squaring and rearranging, we get Al MT? oy 10-7 «(3 axio*(3] 4 * 9,872 7.2 * 10-7 25 2*10?%9 B= 3.948 x 10° Wb/m?, ( A light bulb is rated 100 W for 220 V AC supply of 50 Hz. Calculate: resistance of the bulb. the rms current through the bulb. Given: P,, = 100 W, e;_, = 220 V, To find: (i) Resistance (R) iarky B (3) 0 Hz, 2 (i) rms current (i Formulae: (i) P,, = ¢, 2 ms) Cra @h52 5 From formula (i), Py = ¢, 100 = ley mark) 220 ing 100 _ 10 (220) 23) = 0.4545 A (1 mark) Q.24. Ans, Q.25. From formula (ii), 545 In nuclear reactor, neutrons travel with energies of 5 x 10-2! J, Find their speed and wavelength. (Take m, = 1.67 x 10-27 kg) Given: E = 5x 10-2" J, m, (3) .67 * 10-27 kg. To find: (i) Speed of neutron (v) =? (i) Wavelength of neutron (A) = ? h Formulae: (i) © = nee ae mv? (ii) [2x5xio7r \ 671077 10-10 Vier x 10-7 v= 2.45 * 103 m/s h ™,0 0.2447 x 10% m/s 6.63 = 10- x10 mark) “275 2.45 * 10° 6.63 x 10-34 167 x 2.45 1.620 x 10~ 162A ( x 10-10 Ae Determine the binding energy per neucleon of the Americium isotope 744m, given the mass of 734Am to be 244.06428 u. (3) Given: Z - 95, N(p) = 95, N(n) = 224-95 = 149 M = 244.06428 u, 1 u = 931.5 MeV/C? m, = 1.00728 u, m, = 1.00866 u Ez To find: B.E. per nucleon “2 = ? ‘The binding energy per nucleon, E, _ (Zm,+Nm,~-M)C? - eee (mar 95 «1.00728 + 147 » 100866 -244.06428 | q 244 (mark) 5.6916 + 150.2904 - 244.06428 (pee 7a }-sonsuev (4 mark) Ei (0 mark) FE = 7.3209 MeV/nucleon ee 'S Papers 9.26. Explain working of a tran UTTAM’s XII Physic: lution sistor. amplifier in detail with the neqeet, ® a elrcuit diagram. “IP of proper Ans, ¢ Diagrams a om # Working: 2 mary The circuit of an amplifier using transistor in common emitter configura as shown in the above figure. "t9nis, When the input voltage Vi. is not app, oy pling KVL to the out, PD, write a Vee Vee + IcR, Similarly, for input loop, we have Ven Vor * IR When input AC signal is applied, V,. is no, Thus, the potential across the input loop wy be, Von + Vin = Vor * InRp + Aly(R, + 7) (i ‘The AC signal applied adds the current stan, to the original current flowing through a2 circuit. Therefore the additional potential i, the input loop will be across resistor Ry, ie. AlgRy and across the input dynamic resistance of the transistor (= Al,r,) From equation(i) Vin = dlp (Ry +1) Veer WATar (i (As Ry is very small, neglecting Ry) (4 mark | The changes in the base current 1, cause changes potential across the load resistance because Vo¢ is constant. We can write, Vee = Veg + 1cR, = 0 | Vee = ~1eR, | The change in output voltage AVog is the | changes in the collector current Io. This | | ‘output voltage V, hence we can write, Yo = AVee = PrcR,Aly 7-5 aon PODS! any THREE : 7 Mie? Ln expression for angle of nq, 27 7 ot gen avehicle ae ‘A.curved banked nei friction. pss radius of curvature of yo Om. If angle of banking ig 27. oe 60 imum speed with which hicte sm turn along this curve. (g= 9.3 m/s) (4) ression for Angle of Banking: 1, folowing figure shows the vertical sect jicle on curved road of radius « es angle ‘6’ with the horizontal, a rhe 1 banked at (Diagram: mark) Consider the vehicle to be a point and ignorin ig friction and non-conservative forces like aie resistance. ‘There are two forces acting on vehicle {) Weight (mg) vertically downwards, {i) Normal reaction (N) perpendicular to surface of road. N resolved into two components: {j Nsin® - horizontal component being resultant force, must be the necessary centripetal force. (i) Ncos@ - vertical component balances weight (mg) mov? Nsin@ = = Neos@ = mg (6 mark) Dividing equation (i) by ( mv? Nsin@ E r Ncos@ mg v tang = ~_ ze , e = tan (1 mark) 1g v = \rgtano (4 mark) v = (60x98 x tana = 60 9B X 0.5095 (1s mark) ion of section] Q28, Ans, 299 = 588 %0. = (2995 = 17.31 m/s 1 State and explain Stefan’s law of radiation. Pnergy is emitted from a hole in an electric {trace at the rate of 20 W, when the "mperature of the hole is 727°C. What is the area of the hole? (c = 5.7 « 10-* J/ Wm? K+) 4) *Stefan's law: The radiant energy emitted Per unit time per unit area by a perfectly black body is directly proportional to the fourth Power of its absolute temperature. (!2 mark let R-be the quantity of radiant energy emitted per unit time per unit area by the blackbody T- be the absolute temperature. Then, R= Tt R= oT ti) mark) where,s is constant called as Stefan’s constant and 6 = 5,7 « 10-8 J m-!s~2K-4 or J Wm~? K~* Dimension of o = [L°M!'T er). ‘Thus, the power radiated by a perfectly black body depends only on its temperature and not on colour, materials, nature of surface, etc By definition of emissive power, ero ee Ae Equation (i) becomes Q a For body which is not blackbody, the energy radiated per unit area per unit time is still Proportional to the fourth power of absolute temperature. R = eoAT,# Problem: AQ dt T= 727°C = 727 +273 9=5.7* 10-8 J m's-2 K+ To find: Area of the hole (A) = ? dQ Sd (4 mark) Consider given hole to be a perfect blackbody. e=1 From formula, 20= 5.7 x 10-8 x Ax (1000) (iil) mark) Given: =20W 1000 K = eat, (% mark) 300 i 20 A= 37x 108x107 20 a = 577 10" = 0.35 x 10° m? = 3.5% 10-4 m? + The area of the hole is 3.5 x 10-* m?. (1 mark) Q.29. Obtain the differential equation of linear simple harmonic motion. At what distance from the mean position is the speed of a particle performing SHM half its maximum speed. (Given: Path length of ‘SHM = 10 cm) (4) Ans. Consider a particle of mass _m performing linear SHM with its mean position ‘O' between two extreme position A and B as shown in figure Mean extreme OSS extreme 6 aoe Pig. A particle performing linear SHM Let P-be the any position of particle at distance x from point O. F- be the force acting on particle towards mean position. By definition of linear SHM F = -kx iy where k is force constant. Negative sign indicates force and displacement are in opposite direction. By Newton’s 2" law F = ma dx dt? ax “aq is the acceleration. Comparing equations (i) and (i), mark) =m sil) (4 mark) where a ax cade rex (4 mark) =o Substituting = ax fq tex = 0 (ii) (4 mark) Equation (iii) is the differential equation of linear SHM. _UTTAM’s XII Physics Papers Solution Problem: Given: Path length = 10 cm Path length _ 10 «. Amplitude (A) = ——3—=— => = 5 em v To find: Distance (x) = ? Formulae: (i) Vine = A (i) v= oY = From formula (i), ota? ‘ mark) (5 mark) x = 0.8665 = 4.33 cm .. The distance at which speed of particle is half Q.30. Ans. of its maximum value is 4.33 cm. Derive the conditions for occurrence of dark and bright fringes on screen in Young's double slit interference experiment. Also determine fringe width. @) Let S, and S, be the two sources of light separated by distance d. A screen is placed at a distance D from the two sources of light. Let A be the wavelength of light. Draw 8,8’, and 8,8’, perpendicular to screen, Let O be the midpoint of S’,S’, o's, = O'S, 4 Let ‘P’ be the point at distance y from point ‘0’ on screen. To find whether the point P to be a bright or dark is depending upon the path difference. The path difference is S,P - S,P. (Diagram-1 mark} 1n 8,S/,P, . (PP = (S84)? + (spe 2 = p?+(y- 4)? (SPV 2 (PP = D+ yas 2 4 in AS,S',P, (S:P)? = (S2S',)? + (Spyz (2! 2 ay PP = DP+{y+ 2 @ ase e 4 (SPP = D?+ y+ subtracting equation (j (S,P)? - (SP? eee Dit tude Soa (S,P-S,PIS,P-S,P)~ 2yq (ii) ) from (ii), S,P-S,P = _2yd SP +S 2ud SP+s,h Now D is very large as compared to y and a . Path difference = a fringe width: The distance between any two frnctS*ive fringes or any two successive dark ee in an interference pattern is called Ting width or band width. Fringe width (W) = ys, — yy mark) We know the equation of ni” bright band y= Daa a Equation for (n+ 1)! bright band Din+ yr ye, = POS + Fringe width(W) = y,,,-y, _ Din+ija__Dnar a a ~ PRinei—n) ws (5 mark) d Similarly, we can determine distance between two successive dark fringes is same, ie. we DA 291. Show that the work done in pulling a loop ive, D >> yand D >> d. through the magnetic field appears as heat S,P=S,P=D energy in the loop. (4) meio Qua Ans. Consider a loop ABCD moving with constant eee DES velocity in a uniform magnetic field B as a shown in the figure. Path difference = 49 |... (ii) ; mark Case-I: The point P will be bri ight if path difference = ni. wenn D — Dna d Equation for position of n'® bright band is Deu tv) mark na Case-II: The point P will be dark if path a difference = (2n— 1) Equation for position of n'* dark band is = D@n- 1a 2d E ol) (45 mark) A current iis induced in the loop in clockwise direction. Let F,, F, and F, be the forces acting on side AD, AA’ and DD’ respectively. ‘The dashed line shows limit of magnetic field. | Loop moving out with velocity v ep Cc @ © Magnetic field B into plane of the paper Fig. (a) (mark) To pull the loop at constant velocity towards right, it is required to apply external force F on. loop so as to over come the magnetic force of equal magnitude but opposite in direction. ‘The rate of work done on loop is Work done Time Power a See ee ee ee eee ees Force * displacment epaTiras Force * velocity | Fo Let us find the expression for P in terms of B, resistance, area and width, When the loop is moved to the right, the distance x decreases ie, area of loop inside the field decreases, causing magnetic flux decreases and it reduces current in the loop The magnitude of magnetic flux through loop (14 mark) ® BA = Bix where A= ix By Faraday’s law, the induced emf is eee eo) : at acy cal arr x} dx eames Eo ri 7 ia) e- -Bl {hsv = =8 (=v) ave e- Bl (i (mark) v is negative, as time increases distance x decreases, The magnitude of induced current is, lel _ Bw | a R li) The force acting on AA’ and DD’ ice. F, and F, are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Therefore they cancel each other. | Pee UTTAM’s XII Physics Papers Sony cThe force F; is directed opposite tor, aren ‘the magnitude of F; is F, = iBsind Fr, = iB (As FLELB, © 0-90" and sing [rp = [Fle iB ial putting the value of {in equation (ij, "4 Blo | -( 2 |e iri -[FR Bev a i Fie i ‘the rate of mechanical work, i.e. power jg P= Fo Bry ae ie mar ‘The rate of production of heat energy int, loop is 5 P= ?R Putting i = B72 v? ar Sa aren Comparing equations (iv) and (v) we find tha, the rate of doing mechanical work is exact, samme as the rate of production of heat energ, in the loop. Thus the work done in loop appean as heat energy in the loop. ( ae 7

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