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Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning involves drawing broad general conclusions from specific observations or examples, while deductive reasoning draws specific conclusions from general statements or principles. Some key differences are that inductive reasoning goes from specific to general using patterns or observations, while deductive reasoning goes from general to specific through logical progression. Examples of each type of reasoning are provided.

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228 views14 pages

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning involves drawing broad general conclusions from specific observations or examples, while deductive reasoning draws specific conclusions from general statements or principles. Some key differences are that inductive reasoning goes from specific to general using patterns or observations, while deductive reasoning goes from general to specific through logical progression. Examples of each type of reasoning are provided.

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kyasu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INDUCTIVE AND

DEDUCTIVE
REASONING
Distinguish between inductive and
deductive reasoning
What is reasoning?
In mathematics, reasoning is the ability to
draw logical conclusions based on
evidenced or state assumptions.
Reasoning will be helpful in evaluating
situations, selecting problem-solving
strategies, drawing logical conclusions,
developing and describing and applying
the solutions .
Two types of Reasoning:
1.Inductive Reasoning
2.Deductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning takes specific examples
to make a general rule.

Deductive reasoning takes general rule and


uses it to make a more specific example.
Inductive reasoning
- Is the process of gathering specific
information, usually through observation
and measurement, and then making a
conjecture based on the gathered
information.
Inductive reasoning
- Takes specific examples to make a general
rule.
- Uses pattern, sequences and order.
- Uses examples to make a general
statement.
- Uses experiences to make an assumptions.
Examples of Inductive Reasoning:

1.Determine the next number: 3,6,9,12, ___, ___.


2. The teacher gave the students easy test/quizzes every
week. Therefore, you can conclude that the next quiz
or test will be _______.
3. My math teacher is strict.
My previous Math teacher is strict.
My cousins Math teacher is strict.
What can you say about all Math teachers?
4. Look carefully at the figure, what is next?

5. Study the pattern.


6. 1 × 10 = 10
Draw the next figure.
2 × 10 = 20
3 × 10 = 30
5 × 10 = 50
24 × 10 = 240
2345 × 10 = ______.
Deductive reasoning
- takes general rule and uses it to make a
more specific example.
- Uses general information as basis for
conclusion.
- Is judging by logical progression.
Deductive reasoning
“general to specific”
Make a conclusion out of the given statement below.
1.Filipino are religious. Jayvee is a Filipino. Therefore, we
can conclude that _____________

2. Quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 sides. Square have 4


sides. Therefore we conclude that ___________.

3. All numbers ending in 0 and 5 are divisible by 5. The


numbers “100” and “35” ends on “0” and “5”. Therefore
we conclude that ________.
Deductive Reasoning
“general to specific”
Make a conclusion out of the given statement
below.
4. All Filipino Heroes are brave. Andres Bonifacio is
a Filipino Hero. Therefore we can conclude that
________.
5. Acute angles are less than 90 degrees. Angle
B measures 40°. Therefore we can conclude that
__________.
Draw conclusion from each given situation and identify
the kind of reasoning used.
1.5, 10,15, 20. The next number is ___.
2.Coplanar points are points on the same plane. X,Y, Z
are coplanar. Therefore__________________
3.Regular polygon is equilateral. BELEN is a regular
pentagon. Therefore___________________
4.A child’s teacher in pre school was a female. In his
grades 1 and 2 his teachers were both a female. The
child may say___________
5.Filipinos are peace- loving people. Julia is a Filipino.
Therefore______
Inductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning
From specific to From general to
general. specific.
Uses patters, trends or Uses facts or general
observations . principles.
Is judging by Is judging by logical
experience. progression.
Study the following arguments.
1. By observing that (−1)3 = −1, −1 5 = −1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 −1 7 =
− 1, 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 −1 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 -1.
Inductive reasoning
2. Every time Richard shoots the ball at the left side of the
basket ring, he misses. He then concludes that if he will shoot
on the right side of the ring, he will make a good shot.
Inductive reasoning
3. All acute triangles have three acute angles. Triangle PJO is
an acute triangle. Therefore, ∆𝑃𝐽𝑂 has three acute angles.
Deductive reasoning
4.Collinear points are points that lie on the same line. Points E,
D, and Z lie on a line. Therefore, E, D, and Z are collinear points.
Deductive reasoning
Tell whether each arguments uses inductive and deductive
reasoning.
1. By observing several individual cases, Hailey concluded that
dengue was caused by a certain mosquito bite.
Inductive reasoning
2. All triangles have three angles. Triangle ZJM is a triangle.
Therefore, ∆𝑍𝐽𝑀 has three angles.
Deductive reasoning
3. Carlo added the lengths of the sides of several equilateral
triangles and concluded that the perimeter of an equilateral
triangle is three times the lengths of its side.
Inductive reasoning

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