Circles 10

Objective Section (1 mark each)

Fill in the blanks

Q. 1. In given Fig. 2, the length PB = ............ cm.

Fig. - 2
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]
Ans. 4 Fig. 1
Explanation : Ans.
10
Explanation : We know that
We have, OP ^ AB
The lengths of tangents drawn from an
\ P is the mid-point of AB. external point to a circle are equal.
⇒ AP = PB \ BP = BQ
Now, in DOAP AP = AR
OA2 = OP2 + AP2 BQ = 3 cm
[Pythagoras theorem] AR = 4 cm
So, AC = AR + CR
⇒ (5) = (3)2 + AP2
2
11 = 4 + CR
⇒ 25 = 9 + AP2
CR = 7 cm
⇒ AP2 = 16 Now, CQ = CR
⇒ AP = 4 ⇒ CQ = 7 cm
⇒ PB = 4 cm Ans. So, BC = BQ + CQ
Q. 2. In Fig 1, DABC is circumscribing a circle, = 3 + 7 = 10
the length of BC is .............. cm. BC = 10 cm. Ans.
 [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 mark each)
Q. 1. If the angle between two tangents drawn OP
from an external point P to a circle of = 2 ⇒ OP = 2a.
a
radius a and centre O, is 60°, then find
Q. 2. In fig. 1, PQ is a tangent at a point C to a
the length of OP.
circle with centre O. If AB is a diameter
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2017]
and ∠CAB = 30°, find ∠PCA.
Ans. Given, ∠ APB = 60°
⇒ ∠ APO = 30°
A

P O

B
Also, ∠OAP = 90°  [... Tangent ⊥ radius]
∴ In right angle ΔOAP,
OP Figure 1
= cosec 30° [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
OA
Ans. Given, ∠CAB = 30° and PQ is a tangent at Ans. Given, O is the centre of the given circle
a point C to a circle with centre O. \ OQ and OP are the radius of circle.
Since, AB is a diameter. ..
. PT is a tangent
∴ ∠ACB = 90° \ OP ⊥ PT
Join OC. So, ∠OPT = 90°
\ ∠OPQ = 90° − ∠QPT
⇒ ∠OPQ = 90° − 60°
 [Given, ∠QPT = 60°]
⇒ ∠OPQ = 30°
\ ∠OQP = 30°
[ DOPQ is isosceles triangle]
∠CAO = ∠ACO = 30° Now, in DOPQ
(... OA = OC)
∠POQ + ∠OPQ + ∠OQP = 180°

and, ∠PCO = 90° (Tangent is perpendic-
ular to the radius through the point of ⇒ ∠POQ + 30° + 30° = 180°
contact) ⇒ ∠POQ = 120°
∴ ∠PCA = ∠PCO − ∠ACO reflex ∠POQ = 360° − 120° = 240°
= 90° − 30°
1
= 60° \ ∠PRQ = reflex ∠POQ
2
Q. 3. From an external point P, tangents PA and ..
PB are drawn to a circle with centre O. If [ . The angle substended by an arc of
∠ PAB = 50°, then find ∠ AOB. a circle at the centre is double the angle
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2016] substended by it at any point on the
remaining part of the circle]
Ans. Since, tangents from an external point are
equal. 1
⇒ ∠PRQ = × 240°
∴ AP = BP 2
Given, ∠ PAB = 50° Hence, ∠PRQ = 120°
∴ ∠ PBA = 50°
A
Q. 5. In Fig. 1, PA and PB are tangents to the
circle with centre O such that ∠APB =
50°, Write the measure of ∠OAB.
50°
O P
A

B P 50° O
In Δ APB,
∠ APB = 180° − (50° + 50°) = 80° B
∴ ∠ AOB = 180° − 80° = 100
Q. 4. In figure 2, PQ is a chord of a circle with Figure 1
centre O and PT is a tangent. If ∠QPT = 60°,  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
find ∠PRQ. Ans. Since PA and PB are tangents to the circle
Q with centre O then,
O PA = PB
R Join OP.
P T Then ∠APO = ∠BPO = 25°
Figure 2 Also, PA ^ OA.
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
 A Join OB, then
In DAOB
P O ∠OAB + ∠OBA + ∠AOB = 180°
⇒ 2∠OAB + 2∠POA = 180°
B ∠OAB = ∠OBA 
  
OA & OB are radii 
In D APO,
⇒ 2∠OAB + 2 × 65° = 180°
∠APO + ∠POA + ∠OAP = 180°
⇒ ∠OAB = 90° − 65°
⇒ 25° + ∠POA + 90° = 180°
\ ∠OAB = 25°
⇒ ∠POA = 65°

Short Answer Type Questions-I (2 marks each)

Q. 1. In Fig. 3, two tangents TP and TQ are a
drawn to a circle with centre O from an ⇒ ∠OPQ = 90° – 90° +
2
external point T. Prove that ∠PTQ = 2
a
∠OPQ. [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020] ⇒ ∠OPQ =
2
∠PTQ
⇒ ∠OPQ =
2
or ∠PTQ = 2∠OPQ
Hence Proved.
Q. 2. Prove that the tangents drawn at the end
Fig. 3
points of a chord of a circle make equal

Given : A circle with centre O, TP and TQ are
angles with the chord.
two tangents from external point T.

To Prove : ∠PTQ = 2∠OPQ.  [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2017]

Proof : Let ∠PTQ = a Ans. Given, a circle of radius OA and centred
In DPTQ, TP = TQ at O with chord AB and tangents PQ
[... The lengths of the & RS are drawn from point A and B
two tangents from respectively.
an external point to a circle are equal]
\ ∠TPQ = ∠TQP
[... Angles opposite to
equal sides are equal]
So, ∠PTQ + ∠TPQ + ∠TQP = 180°
[Angle sum property of a triangle]
⇒a + ∠TPQ + ∠TPQ = 180°
⇒ 2∠TPQ = 180° – a
1 Draw OM ⊥ AB, and join OA and OB.
⇒ ∠TPQ = (180° – a)
2 In Δ OAM and Δ OMB,
a OA = OB(Radii)
⇒ ∠TPQ = 90° -
2 OM = OM(Common)
Now, OP ^ TP ∠ OMA = ∠ OMB (Each 90°)
{... The tangent to a circle is perpendicular ∴ Δ OMA ≅ Δ OMB
to the radius through the point of contact}  (By R.H.S. Congurency)
\ ∠OPT = 90° ∴ ∠ OAM = ∠ OBM(C.P.C.T.)
⇒ ∠OPQ + ∠TPQ = 90°
Also, ∠ OAP = ∠ OBR = 90° (Line joining
a point of contact of tangent to centre is per-
⇒ 90° - + ∠OPQ = 90°
2 pendicular on it)
 On addition, Proof: AB is a tangent to the circle at P
∠ OAM + ∠ OAP = ∠ OBM + ∠ OBR and OP is the radius through the point of
⇒ ∠ PAB = ∠ RBA contact.
⇒ ∠180° − ∠ PAB = ∠180° − ∠ RBA
∴  
∠ OPA = 90°
⇒ ∠ QAB = ∠ SBA
Similarly, CD is a tangent to circle at Q and
 Hence Proved.
Q. 3. A circle touches all the four sides of a OQ is radius through the point of contact.
quadrilateral ABCD. Prove that ∴  
∠ OQD = 90°
AB + CD = BC + DA ⇒ ∠ OPA = ∠OQD
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2017]
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2016] But both form a pair of alternate angles
Ans. ∴ AB || CD Hence Proved.
Given, a quad. ABCD and a circle
touches its all four sides at P, Q, R, and S Q. 5. In the given figure, PA and PB are
respectively. tangents to the circle from an external

D
R
C point P. CD is another tangent touching
the circle at Q. If PA = 12 cm, QC = QD =

S Q 3 cm, then find PC + PD.

 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2017]

A B A
P C
To prove: AB + CD = BC + DA
Now, L.H.S. = AB + CD Q P
O
= AP + PB + CR + RD
= AS + BQ + CQ + DS D
B
 (Tangents from same external
 point are always equal)
= (AS + SD) + (BQ + QC) Ans. Given, PA = PB = 12 cm
= AD + BC  [Tangent from external point]
= R.H.S. Hence Proved. AC = CQ = 3 cm
Q. 4. Prove that tangents drawn at the ends BD = QD = 3 cm
of a diameter of a circle are parallel to
each other. [Tangent from external point]
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2017]
A
Ans. Given, PQ is a diameter of a circle with C
centre O. The lines AB and CD are tan-
gents at P and Q respectively. Q P
O
To Prove: AB || CD
P
D
A B B

O So, PC + PD = (PA − AC) + (PB − BD)
= (12 − 3) + (12 − 3)
= 9 + 9 = 18 cm
C Q D
Q. 6. In the figure, AB and CD are common ∠TOS + ∠OTS + ∠OST = 180°
tangents to two circles of unequal radii. ⇒ 120° + 2 ∠OTS = 180°
Prove that AB = CD. ..
( . ∠OTS = ∠OST)
⇒ 2 ∠OTS = 180° − 120°
⇒ ∠OTS = 30°
Hence, ∠OTS = ∠OST = 30°
 Hence Proved.
Q. 8. In Fig. 2, a circle is inscribed in a ∆ ABC,
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 3, 2017] such that it touches the sides AB, BC and
Ans. Construction: Extend AB and CD to meet CA at points D, E and F respectively. If the
at a point P. lengths of sides AB, BC and CA are 12 cm,
8 cm and 10 cm respectively, find the
lengths of AD, BE and CF.
[CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
C

Now, PA and PC are tangents of circle with F E

centre O.
So, PA = PC...(i) A B
D
PB and PD are tangent on circle with
Fig. 2
centre O '
Ans. Given, AB = 12 cm; BC = 8 cm and
So, PB = PD ...(ii)
CA = 10 cm
On subtracting equation (ii) from equa-
Let AD = AF = x
tion (i),
⇒ DB = BE = 12 – x
PA − PB = PC − PD
and, CF = CE = 10 – x
AB = CD Hence Proved.
Now, BC = BE + EC
Q. 7. In Fig. 3, from an external point P, two ⇒ 8 = 12 – x + 10 – x
tangents PT and PS are drawn to a circle
⇒ 8 = 22 – 2x
with centre O and radius r. If OP = 2r,
show that ∠OTS = ∠OST = 30°. ⇒ 2x = 14
⇒ x = 7 cm
⇒ AD = 7 cm, BE = 5 cm and CF = 3 cm
Q. 9. In Fig. 3, AP and BP are tangents to a cir-
cle with centre O, such that AP = 5 cm and
∠ APB = 60°. Find the length of chord AB.

Figure 3
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
Ans. We have, OP = 2r
∠OTP = 90°[... Tangent ⊥ radius]
Let  ∠TOP = θ
OT r 1
In Δ OTP, cos θ = = = = cos 60°
OP 2r 2 Fig. 3
⇒ θ = 60°  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
Hence, ∠TOS = 2θ = 2 × 60° = 120° Ans. Given, AP and BP are tangents to a circle
In Δ TOS, with centre O.
\ AP = BP ⇒ OR = 2PR
Now, ∠ APB = 60°  (Given) ⇒ OR = PR + PR
..
∴ ∠ PAB = ∠ PBA = 60° ⇒ OR = PR + RQ[ . PR = RQ]
.. Hence, OR = PR + RQ.
( . AP = BP)
Thus, ΔAPB is an equilateral triangle.  Hence Proved.
Q. 11. In figure 4, a triangle ABC is drawn to
Hence, the length of chord AB is equal to circumscribe a circle of radius 3 cm, such
the length of AP i.e. 5 cm. that the segments BD and DC are respec-
Q. 10. In figure 3, two tangents RQ and RP are tively of lengths 6 cm and 9 cm. If the
drawn from an external point R to the area of DABC is 54 cm2, then find the
circle with centre O. If ∠PRQ = 120°, then lengths of sides AB and AC.
prove that, OR = PR + RQ.

Figure 3
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
Figure 4
Ans. O is the centre of the circle and
∠PRQ = 120°  [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
Construction: Join OP, OQ Ans. Given, in DABC, circle touch the triangle
To prove: OP = PR + RQ at points D, F and E respectively and let
the length of the segment AF be x.

Proof: We know, tangents drawn from an

external point are equal.
\ PR = RQ
Also, tangents are equally inclined to the So, BF = BD = 6 cm
line joining the centre of circle and the  [Tangents from point B]
external point. CE = CD = 9 cm
1  [Tangent from point C]
\ ∠ORP = ∠ORQ = ∠PRQ
2 and AE = AF = x cm
1  [Tangents from point A]
= × 120° = 60°
2 1
And ∠OPR = 90°[... Tangent ⊥ Radius] Now, Area of DOBC = × BC × OD
2
Now, in D OPR
PR 1
cos 60° = = × (6 + 9) × 3
OR 2
. . Base  45
  . cos θ =  = cm2
Hypotenuse  2

1 PR 1
⇒ = Area of DOCA = × AC × OE
2 OR 2
 1 centre O and AT is a tangent, then
= × (9 + x) × 3
2 BA ^ AT
3 1
= (9 + x) cm2 Also ∠ABQ = ∠AOQ
2 .. 2
( . Angle subtended on the arc is half of
1 the angle subtended at centre)
Area of DBOA = × AB × OF
2 1
⇒ ∠ABQ = × 58° = 29°
1 2
= × (6 + x) × 3 Now, ∠ATQ = 180° − (∠ABQ + ∠BAT)
2
3 = 180° − (29° + 90°)
= (6 + x) cm2 \ ∠ATQ = 61°
2
Area of DABC = 54 cm2[Given] Q. 13. From a point T outside a circle of centre
O, tangents TP and TQ are drawn to the
Area of DABC = Area of DOBC circle. Prove that OT is the right bisector
+ Area of DOCA of line segment PQ.
 + Area of DBOA  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
45 3 3 Ans. Given, TP and TQ are the tangents drawn
54 = + (9 + x ) + (6 + x )
2 2 2 on a circle with centre O.
⇒ 54 × 2 = 45 + 27 + 3x + 18 + 3x P

⇒ 108 − 45 − 27 − 18 = 6x
O T
⇒ 6x = 18 M

⇒ x=3
Q
So, AB = AF + FB = x + 6
To prove: OT is the right bisector of PQ.
= 3 + 6 = 9 cm
Proof: In D TPM and DTQM
and AC = AE + EC = x + 9
TP = TQ
= 3 + 9 = 12 cm  (Tangents drawn from
Hence, lengths of AB and AC are 9 cm and  external point are equal)
12 cm respectively. TM = TM(Common)
Q. 12. In Fig. 2, AB is the diameter of a circle ∠PTM = ∠QTM
with centre O and AT is a tangent. If
∠AOQ = 58°, find ∠ATQ. (TP and TQ are equally inclined to OT)
B \ DTPM ≅ DTQM
 (By SAS congruence)
\ PM = MQ
O
and ∠PMT = ∠QMT (By C.P.C.T)
58°
Q since, PMQ is a straight line, then
A T \ ∠PMT + ∠QMT = 180°
Figure 2 ⇒ ∠PMT = ∠QMT = 90°
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2015] \ OT is the right bisector of PQ.
Ans. Given, AB is a diameter of a circle with  Hence Proved.

Short Answer Type Questions-II (3 marks each)

Q. 1. If a circle touches the side BC of a triangle 1

ABC at P and extended sides AB and AC at AQ = (BC + CA + AB)
2
Q and R, respectively, prove that
 [CBSE OD, Set-I, 2020]

Ans. We know that the lengths of tangents drawn
from an external point to a circle are equal.
\ AQ = AR ...(i) [Tangents from A]
BP = BQ ...(ii) [Tangents from B]
CP = CR ...(iii) [Tangents from C]

Proof : We know that, the length of two

tangents from an external points to a circle
are equal.
\ for point A, AP = AS ...(i)
for point B, BP = BQ ...(ii)
for point C, CR = CQ ...(iii)
and for point D, DR = DS ...(iv)
We have to show that On adding equations (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we
1 get
AQ = (BC + CA + AB)
2 ⇒ AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS
⇒ (AP + BP) + (CR + DR)
Taking L.H.S.
= (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)
1
AQ = × 2AQ ⇒ AB + CD = AD + BC
2
⇒ AB + AB = AD + AD
1 . .
{ . opposite sides of a parallelogram are
⇒ AQ = × (AQ + AQ )
2 equal
1 i.e., AB = CD, AD = BC}
⇒ AQ = × (AQ + AR) ⇒ 2AB = 2AD
2
⇒ AB = AD
[From equation (i)]
\ ABCD is a parallelogram with adjacent
1 sides AB = AD.
⇒ AQ = × (AB + BQ + AC + CR)
2 Hence, it is a rhombus. Hence Proved.
1 Q. 3. In given Fig. 5, two circles touch each other
⇒ AQ = × (AB + BP + AC + CP)
2 at the point C. Prove that the common
[Using equations (ii) and (iii)] tangent to the circles at C, bisects the
common tangent at P and Q.
1
⇒ AQ = × {AB + (BP + CP) + AC}  [CBSE Delhi, Set 3, 2020]
2
1
⇒ AQ = × (AB + BC + AC)
2
Hence Proved.

Q. 2. Prove that the parallelogram circumscrib-

Fig. 5
ing a circle is a rhombus.
Ans. Given : Two circles with centres A and B.
 [CBSE Delhi, Set 2, 2020] Also, PT, TQ and TC are the tangents.
Ans. Given : A parallelogram ABCD circumscribing To Prove : CT bisects PQ i.e., PT = QT
a circle.

Proof : We know that,
To prove : ABCD is a rhombus. The length of two tangents drawn to a circle
from an external point are equal.
 \ For point T and circle with centre A, Q. 5. In Fig. PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of a
TP = TC ...(i) circle of radius 5 cm and centre O. The
For point T and circle with centre B, tangents at P and Q intersect at point T.
TQ = TC ...(ii)
Find the length of TP.
From (i) and (ii),
TP = TQ
\ T is mid-point of PQ
Hence, point T bisects PQ Hence Proved.
Q. 4. In Figure 3, PQ and RS are two parallel
tangents to a circle with centre O and
another tangent AB with point of contact  [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019]
C intersecting PQ at A and RS at B. Prove Ans. Join OT, let it intersect PQ at the point R
that ∠AOB = 90°. Now, DTPQ is an isosceles triangle and
TO is the angle bisector of ∠PTQ. So,
OT ^ PQ and therefore, OT bisects PQ
∴ PR = RQ = 4 cm

Also, OR = OP 2 − PR2 = 52 − 4 2

 [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019] = 25 − 16
Ans. Given, PQ || RS = 9 = 3 cm
To prove: ∠AOB = 90°

Now, ∠TPR + ∠RPO = 90° = ∠TPR + ∠PTR

Construction: Join OC, OD and OE. ..
 [ . In DTRP, ∠TRP = 90°]
In DODA and DOCA
OD = OC (radii of circle) ⇒ ∠RPO = ∠PTR
OA = OA (common) So, DTRP ~ DPRO (By AA rule)
AD = AC .. TP RP
. =
 (tangents drawn from same point) PO RO
TP 4 20
By SSS congruency = , TP = cm
DODA @ DOCA 5 3 3
20
Then, ∠DOA = ∠AOC...(i) Hence, the length of TP = cm
3
Similiarly, in DEOB and DBOC, we have Q. 6. In Fig. a circle is inscribed in a DABC having
DEOB @ DBOC sides BC = 8 cm, AB = 10 cm and AC = 12 cm.
∠EOB = ∠BOC...(ii) Find the lengths BL, CM and AN.
EOD is a diameter of circle, therefore it is A
a straight line.
Hence,
10 cm N M 12 cm
∠DOA + ∠AOC + ∠EOB + ∠BOC = 180°
2(∠AOC) + 2(∠BOC) = 180°
B C
∠AOC + ∠BOC = 90° L
8 cm
∠AOB = 90°. Hence Proved.  [CBSE Delhi, Set 2, 2019]
Ans. A circle is inscribed in a DABC 2 (x + y + z) = 30
AB = 10 cm, BC = 8 cm and AC = 12 cm x + y + z = 15 ...(i)
A Also, AB = 10 cm
z z ⇒ x + z = 10 ...(ii)
and AC = 12
10 cm N M 12 cm
⇒ y + z = 12  ...(iii)
x y
and BC = 8 cm
B x L y C x + y = 8 ...(iv)
8 cm
From equations (i) and (ii),
Let BN = BL = x y = 5 cm
CL = CM = y From equations (i) and (iii)
AN = AM = z x = 3 cm
(Tangents drawn from an exterior points
From equations (i) and (iv)
are equal in length.)
z = 7 cm
Perimeter of D = AB + BC + CA = 10 + 8 + 12
So, BL = 3 cm, CM = 5 cm, AN = 7 cm.
⇒ x + z + x + y + y + z = 30
Q. 7. Prove that the lengths of tangents drawn from an external point of a circle are equal.
 [CBSE, 2018]
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2017]
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
Ans.
Topper’s Answers

Given: A circle with centre O on which

two tangents PM and PN are drawn from
an external point P.

 To prove: PM = PN OM = ON(Radii)
Construction: Join OM, ON, and OP. ∠OMP = ∠ONP (Each 90°)
Proof: Since tangent and radius are per- PO = OP (Common)
pendicular at point of contact, ∴ ∆OMP ≅ ∆ONP (RHS cong.)
∴ ∠OMP = ∠ONP = 90° ∴ PM = PN (C.P.C.T)
In ∆POM and ∆PON,  Hence Proved.

Long Answer Type Questions  (4 marks each)

Q. 1. Draw two tangents to a circle or radius 4 (iii) Draw perpendicular bisector of OP to
cm, which are inclinded to each other at get its mid-point A.
an angle of 60°. [CBSE OD, Set 2, 2020] (iv) Taking A as centre and OA (or AP) as
Ans. Steps of construction : radius, draw a circle which intersects
the circle of radius 3.5 cm at points Q
(i) Draw a circle with O as centre and radius
and R.
= 4 cm.
(v) Join PQ and PR.
(ii) Take a point A on the circumference of
Thus, PQ and PR are the required tangents.
the circle and join OA.
Q. 3. In the given figure, XY and X'Y' are two
parallel tangents to a circle with centre
O and another tangent AB with point
of contact C, is intersecting XY at A and
X'Y' at B. Prove that ∠ AOB = 90°.
X P A Y

O
(iii) Construct ∠AOB = 120° such that point C
B is on circumference of the circle.
(iv) Draw RS perpendicular to OA and XY X Q B Y
perpendicular to OB.  [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2017]
Let XY and RS intersect each other at P. Ans. Given, XY & X'Y' are parallel.
Hence, AP and BP are the tangents inclined Tangent AB is another tangent which
at 60°. touches the circle at C.
Q. 2. Draw a circle of radius 3.5 cm. From a point
P, 6 cm from its centre, draw two tangents
to the circle. [CBSE OD, Set 3, 2020]
Ans. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a circle with centre O and radius 3.5
cm.
(ii) Take a point P outside the circle at a dis-
tance 6 cm from centre O and join OP.
To prove: ∠ AOB = 90°
Const.: Join OC.
Proof: In Δ OPA and Δ OCA,
OP = OC(Radii)
∠OPA = ∠ OCA
(Radius ⊥ Tangent)
OA = OA(Common)
 ∴ ΔOPA ≅ Δ OCA  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 3, 2016]
∴ ∠ 1 = ∠ 2 (CPCT) ...(i)  [CBSE OD, Set 2, 2015]
Similarly, DOQB ≅ D OCB  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
∴ ∠ 3 = ∠ 4 ...(ii) Ans. Given, a tangent AB at point P of the circle
Also, POQ is a diameter of circle with centre O.
∴ ∠POQ = 180°  To prove: OP ⊥ AB.
 (Straight angle) Construction: Join OQ, where Q is a point
(other than P) on AB.
∴ ∠ 1 + ∠ 2 + ∠ 3 + ∠ 4 = 180°
Proof: Since Q is a point on the tangent AB
From eq. (i) and (ii),
(other than P),
∠ 2 + ∠ 2 + ∠ 3 + ∠ 3 = 180°
∴ Q lies outside the circle.
2(∠ 2 + ∠ 3) = 180° Let OQ intersect the circle at R.
∠ 2 + ∠ 3 = 90° ⇒ OR < OQ
Hence, ∠ AOB = 90° But, OP = OR
 Hence Proved.
 (Radii of the circle)
Q. 4. In Fig. 7, two equal circles, with centres
O and O', touch each other at X. OO' pro-
duced meets the circle with centre O' at
A. AC is tangent to the circle with centre
O, at the point C. O'D is perpendicular
DO’
AC. Find the value of . ∴ OP < OQ.
CO
Thus, OP is the shortest distance than any
other line segment joining O to any point
of AB.
But, we know that the shortest distance
between a point and a line is the perpen-
dicular distance.
Figure 7
∴ OP ⊥ AB Hence Proved.
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
Ans. Given, AC is tangent to the circle with Q. 6. In Fig. 8, O is the centre of a circle of
centre O and O'D is perpendicular to AC. radius 5 cm. T is a point such that OT
= 13 cm and OT intersects circle at E. If
then, ∠ACO = 90°
AB is a tangent to the circle at E, find the
Also, ∠ADO' = 90° length of AB, where TP and TQ are two
∠CAO = ∠DAO' tangents to the circle.
..
( . Common angle)  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
∴ ΔAO'D ~ ΔAOC
AO ’ DO ’
⇒ =
AO CO
AO ’ DO ’
=
∴ 3 AO ’ CO
 ... AX = 2 AO ’ Fig. 8
 
 and OX = AO ’  Ans. Given, a circle with centre of radius 5 cm
 
DO ’ 1 and OT = 13 cm
⇒ =
CO 3 Since, PT is a tangent at P and OP is a
Q. 5. Prove that tangent drawn at any point radius through P
of a circle is perpendicular to the radius ∴ OP ⊥ PT
through the point of contact. In ∆ OPT,
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 2, 2016] (PT)2 = (OT)2 − (OP)2
 From equations (i) and (ii), the chord PQ
⇒ PT = (13)2 − (5)2 and tangent AB of the circle are perpen-
⇒ PT = (169 − 25 = 144 dicular to the same line OC.
⇒ PT = 12 cm Hence, AB || PQ
And, TE = OT – OE = (13 – 5) cm = 8 cm  Hence Proved.
Now, PA = AE Q. 8. In Fig. 7, tangents PQ and PR are drawn
Let PA = AE = x from an external point P to a circle with
centre O, such that ∠RPQ = 30°. A chord
Then, in ∆ AET,
RS is drawn parallel to the tangent PQ.
(AT)2 = (AE)2 + (ET)2 Find ∠RQS.
⇒ (12 - x)2 = (x)2 + (8)2
⇒ 144 + x2 − 24x = x2 + 64 S R

⇒ 24x = 80 O
⇒ AE = x = 3.33 cm
30°
∴ AB = 2AE = 2 × 3.33 P
Q
= 6.66 cm
Figure 7
Q. 7. Prove that the tangent drawn at the mid-
point of an arc of a circle is parallel to the  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
chord joining the end points of the arc. Ans. We have, PR = PQ
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2015] and ∠PRQ = ∠PQR
Ans. Given: C is the mid-point of the minor arc In DPQR,
PQ and O is the centre of the circle and AB ∠PRQ + ∠PQR + ∠RPQ = 180°
is tangent to the circle through point C.
⇒ 2 ∠PRQ + 30° = 180°
180° - 30°
⇒ ∠PRQ = = 75°
2
..
. SR || QP and QR is a transversal
\ ∠SRQ = ∠PQR = 75°
Construction: Join PC and QC. Join OR, OQ.
To prove: PQ || AB
S R
Proof: It is given that C is the mid-point of
the arc PQ. O

So, Minor arc PC = Minor arc QC

30°
⇒ PC = QC Q
P
Hence DPQC is an isosceles triangle.
Thus the perpendicular bisector of the \ ∠ORQ = ∠RQO = 90° − 75° = 15°
side PQ of DPQC passes through vertex C. \ ∠QOR = (180° − 2 × 15°)
But we know that the perpendicular bisec- = 180° − 30° = 150°
tor of a chord passes through centre of the 1
∠QSR = ∠QOR
circle. 2
So, the perpendicular bisector of PQ = 75°
passes through the center O of the circle.  (Angle subtended on arc is
Thus, the perpendicular bisector of PQ  half the angle subtended on centre)
passes through the points O and C. \ In DSQR
⇒ PQ ⊥ OC…(i) ∠RQS = 180° − (∠SRQ + ∠RSQ)
AB is a tangent to the circle through the
= 180° − (75° + 75°)
point C on the circle
\ ∠RQS = 30°
\ AB ⊥ OC …(ii)