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SECOND YEAR HIGHER SECONDARY SECOND TERMINAL EXAMINATION

DECEMBER 2023 – ANSWER KEY
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY Qn. Code: SY 25
Sub
Qn. Scor
Qns Answer Key/Value Points Total
No. e
.
Answer any 4 questions from 1 to 5. Each carry 1 score
1. (n-1)d1-10 ns1-2
OR, (n-1)d1-10 ns0-2 1 1
2. +3 (An error in the question; the correct formula of the complex is [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2) 1 1
3. PCl5 1 1
4. (c) CH3-OH [Based on pKa values] 1 1

5. 1 1

Answer any 8 questions from 6 to 15. Each carry 2 scores

6 (a) 1 Faraday 1
(b) 6 Faraday 1 2
Explanation:
(a) For the deposition of Ca from CaCl2; the chemical equation is: Ca2+ + 2e- → Ca
From the equation it is clear that:
for the deposition of 1 mol of Ca (i.e. 40 g of Ca), 2F of electricity is required.
So, 20 g of Ca requires 1F of electricity.
(b) For the deposition of Al from AlCl3; the chemical equation is: Al3+ + 3e- → Al
So, for the deposition of 1 mol of Al (i.e. 27 g of Al), 3F of electricity is required.
So 54 g of Al requires 6F of electricity.
7. For a first order reaction, t½ = 0.693 1
k
Here k = 5 x 10-2 s-1 2
So t½ = 0.693 = 13.86 s 1
5 x 10-2
8. The important postulates of Werner’s theory are:
1) Every metal has two types of valencies – primary (10) valency and secondary (20)
valency. Primary valency is ionisable, while secondary valency is non-ionisable.
2) Primary valency is denoted by doted lines, while secondary valency is denoted by
thick lines.

+2 CHEMISTRY_SECOND TERM EXAM DEC 2023_ANSWER KEY_BY ANIL KUMAR K L, APHSS ADICHANALLOOR, KOLLAM
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3) Primary valency gives the oxidation state of the metal, while secondary valency
gives the co-ordination number of the metal.
4) Primary valency is always satisfied by –ve ions, while secondary valency may be
satisfied by –ve ions or neutral molecules.
5) Every metal has a fixed number of secondary valencies. In order to satisfy this 4x½ 2
requirement, some –ve ions may perform dual character – i.e., they act as =2
primary and secondary valencies simultaneously.
6) The primary valencies are non-directional, while the secondary valencies are
directional.
7) Since secondary valencies are directional, co-ordination compounds have a
definite geometry and they show isomerism.
[Any 4 required]
9. (i) Potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) 1
2
(ii) Ammineaquadichloridoplatinum (II) 1
10. Haloalkanes (Alkyl halides) do not form strong inter molecular hydrogen bonds with
water. So they are immiscible with water.
OR,
2 2
In order to dissolve haloalkane in water, energy is required to overcome the
attractions between the haloalkane molecules and break the hydrogen bonds
between water molecules. Less energy is released when new attractions are formed
between the haloalkane and the water molecules. So they are immiscible with water.
11. X is CH3-CH2Br OR, Bromoethane OR, Ethyl bromide 1
Y is CH3-CH2-OH OR, Ethanol OR, Ethyl alcohol 2
1
𝐻𝐵𝑟 𝑎𝑞.𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
OR, CH2 = CH2 → CH3-CH2-Br → CH3-CH2-OH
(Bromoethane) (Ethanol)
12. The dehydration of alcohols takes place through the formation of a carbocation
intermediate. Since the stability of carbocations follow the order 3 0 > 20 > 10, the 2
2
order of reactivity also follows the same order.
OR, Due to the greater stability of tertiary carbocation.
13.

(a) 2,4,6-Tribromophenol OR,

2
1
(b) p-Bromophenol OR, 4-Bromophenol OR,

OR, a mixture of ortho-bromophenol and para-bromophenol

OR, a mixture of 2-Bromophenol and 4-Bromophenol

OR,

+2 CHEMISTRY_SECOND TERM EXAM DEC 2023_ANSWER KEY_BY ANIL KUMAR K L, APHSS ADICHANALLOOR, KOLLAM
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14. Gattermann – Koch Reaction: In this reaction, benzene is treated with carbon
monoxide and hydrogen chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride
or cuprous chloride, to get benzaldehyde.
OR,
2 2

15. Propanal is an aldehyde and propanone is a ketone. So they can be distinguished by

Tollen’s test or Fehling’s test or Benedict’s test or Schiff’s test. They can also be
distinguished by iodoform test.
Tollens’ test:
On warming propanal with Tollens’ reagent (ammoniacal AgNO3), a bright
silver mirror is formed.
CH3-CH2-CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + 3OH– CH3-CH2-COO– + 2 Ag + 2 H2O + 4 NH3
Fehling’s test:
On heating with Fehling’s reagent, propanal gives a reddish brown precipitate 2 2
of cuprous oxide (Cu2O).
CH3-CH2-CHO + 2Cu2+ + 5OH – CH3-CH2-COO– + Cu2O + 3H2O
Propanone does not give the above tests.
Iodoform test: When propanone is treated with sodium hypoiodite (NaOI) an yellow
precipitate of iodoform is formed. This test is not answered by propanal.
𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐼
CH3-CO-CH3 → CH3-COONa + CHI3
[Any one test is required; chemical equations are not necessary]
Answer any 8 questions from 16 to 26. Each carries 3 scores
16. (a) It gets oxidized/some chemical compounds of the metal is formed at its surface/gets
corrode/redox reaction occurs/electrochemical processes occurs at its surface. 1
(b) Rusting of iron is a redox reaction, which occurs in presence of air and water. At a
particular spot of the metal iron (anode), oxidation of Fe takes place.
2 Fe(s) → 2 Fe2+ (aq)+ 4 e– [Anode reaction] 1
Electrons released here move through the metal and go to another spot on the metal 3
(cathode) and reduce oxygen in presence of H+.
O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) + 4 e– → 2 H2O(l) [Cathode reaction] 1
The overall reaction is: 2Fe(s) + O2(g) + 4H+(aq) → 2Fe2 +(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
The ferrous ions (Fe2+) are further oxidised to ferric ions (Fe3+) and finally to hydrated
ferric oxide (Fe2O3. x H2O), which is called rust.
[Either explanation or equations is required]

+2 CHEMISTRY_SECOND TERM EXAM DEC 2023_ANSWER KEY_BY ANIL KUMAR K L, APHSS ADICHANALLOOR, KOLLAM
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17. (a) Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is prepared from chromite ore or FeCr2O4. 1
(b) K2Cr2O7 in acidic medium oxidises:
• Ferrous salts to ferric salts.
• Sulphide to sulphur. 1
• Tin(II) to tin(IV).
• Iodide to iodine.
[Any one reaction is required] 3
(c) Structure of chromate ion:

18. In Octahedral field, d-orbitals split into two – t2g and eg orbitals . Energy of eg orbitals
is higher than that of t2g orbitals. The difference in energy is denoted by Δo.

1½

Octahedral splitting
3
In tetrahedral field, d-orbitals split into two – t2 and e orbitals. The energy of t2
orbitals is higher than that of e-orbitals. The difference in energy is denoted by Δt.

1½

Tetrahedral splitting

+2 CHEMISTRY_SECOND TERM EXAM DEC 2023_ANSWER KEY_BY ANIL KUMAR K L, APHSS ADICHANALLOOR, KOLLAM
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19. In [CoF6]3-, the central atom cobalt is in +3 oxidation state.

27Co – [Ar]3d7 4s2
Co3+ - [Ar]3d6 4s04p0

In presence of the ligands F –, the electrons in 3d level do not get paired. So, one 4s
orbital, three 4p orbitals and two 4d orbitals undergo sp3d2 hybridization. So the 3
1
shape of the complex is octahedral. 1

Due to the presence of unpaired electrons, it is highly paramagnetic. 1

[Name of hybridisation – 1 score, shape – 1 score, magnetic nature – 1 score]

20. (a) In a tetrahedron all the positions are equivalent. So the relative positions of the 1
ligands are the same with respect to each other. Hence tetrahedral complexes do not
show geometrical isomerism.
(b) Geometrical isomers of MA2B2 are:

3
2

21. In the case of optically active alkyl halide, SN2 reaction proceeds through inversion of
configuration. This is because here the nucleophile attacks on the side opposite to 1½
that of the halogen atom.
Example: The reaction of (-)-2-bromooctane with the nucleophile OH- to give
(+)-octan-2-ol.

(-)-2-Bromooctane (+)-Octan-2-ol
3
In the case of optically active alkyl halide, SN1 reaction follows through racemisation.
Here the intermediate carbocation formed is sp2 hybridised and hence it is planar. So
the attack of nucleophile can take place from either side resulting in a mixture of 1½
products with opposite configuration (racemic mixture).
e.g. Reaction of optically active 2-bromobutane with OH- results in the formation of
(+) 2-butanol, a racemic mixture.
𝑂𝐻−
CH3 – CHBr – CH2 – CH3 → CH3 – CHOH – CH2 – CH3 + Br–

+2 CHEMISTRY_SECOND TERM EXAM DEC 2023_ANSWER KEY_BY ANIL KUMAR K L, APHSS ADICHANALLOOR, KOLLAM
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Step – I

Step – II

(-) 2-Butanol Planar carbocation (+) 2-butanol

[Either explanation or equation is required]
22. (a) In alcohols, there is inter molecular hydrogen bonding, which is absent in ethers. So 1
alcohols have higher boiling point than ethers of comparable molar mass.
(b) By the nitration of phenol/ Phenol reacts with conc. Nitric acid (HNO3) to give 2,4,6- 1
trinitrophenol or picric acid.

3
1

23. 10, 20 and 30 alcohols can be distinguished by Lucas Test. 1

Lucas reagent is a mixture of conc. HCl and anhydrous ZnCl2.
When treated with Lucas reagent:
• Tertiary alcohols give an immediate turbidity. 3
• Secondary alcohols give a turbidity within 5 minutes. 2
• Primary alcohols do not give turbidity at room temperature. They give
turbidity only on heating.
24. (a) Cannizzaro Reaction: Aldehydes having no α-hydrogen atom, when treated with
conc. alkali undergo disproportionation to form one molecule of the alcohol and one 1
molecule of carboxylic acid salt.
2 HCHO conc. KOH CH3-OH + H-COOK
Formaldehyde methanol potassium formate
Or, any other suitable example.
Aldol Condensation Reaction: Aldehydes and ketones having at least one α-hydrogen 3
atom when heated with dilute alkali, we get α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone. 1
2CH3-CHO dil. NaOH CH3-CH=CH-CHO
Ethanal Δ But-2-enal
(b)
Cannizzaro Reaction Aldol Condensation Reaction
1. Only aldehydes undergo this reaction. Both aldehydes and ketones
undergo this reaction.

+2 CHEMISTRY_SECOND TERM EXAM DEC 2023_ANSWER KEY_BY ANIL KUMAR K L, APHSS ADICHANALLOOR, KOLLAM
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2. Aldehydes should not contain α- Aldehydes or ketones should contain

hydrogen atom. atleast one α-hydrogen atom. 1
3. Reaction takes place in presence of Reaction takes place in presence of
conc. alkali. dil. alkali.
4. It is a disproportionation reaction. It is a condensation reaction.
[Any one difference is required]
25. (a) (i) CH2Cl-COOH 1
(b) Because of the electron withdrawing inductive effect of chlorine, the carboxylate ion
formed from chloroacetic acid (CH2Cl-COOH) is more stabilized. So the release of H+ 1
becomes easier.
OR, Due to the -I effect of chlorine, the electron density of O-H bond in -COOH group
decreases.
3
OR, Due to the +I effect of CH3 group in acetic acid, the electron density of O-H bond
in -COOH group increases and hence it does not readily lose H+ ion.
OR, due to the greater stability of conjugate base formed from chloroacetic acid.
(c) By HVZ reaction/By treating with Cl2 and red phosphorous.
𝑅𝑒𝑑 𝑃 1
OR, CH3-COOH + Cl2 → CH2Cl-COOH
26. (a) A is Pd and BaSO4 1
(b) B is Benzaldehyde OR, Benzenecarbaldehyde OR, 1
3
(c) C is Acetaldehyde OR, Ethanal OR, CH3-CHO. 1
Answer any 4 questions from 27 to 31. Each carry 4 scores
27. (a) Dissolution of a gas in a liquid can be considered similar to condensation, which is 2
exothermic. Hence solubility decreases with increase of temperature.
(b) This is because KCl dissociates in aqueous solution and for K+ ion and Cl- ion. So the
no. of particles get almost doubled and hence the van’t Hoff factor (i) is nearly 2. 2
But acetic acid (CH3-COOH) dimerises in benzene. So the no. of particles get almost
4
halved and hence i is nearly 0.5. [N.B: Acetic acid dimerises in aprotic solvents only,
not in protic solvents like water. Solvent is not mentioned in the question]
OR, because of the dissociation of KCl and association of Benzene.
OR, KCl K+ + Cl-
2 CH3-COOH → (CH3-COOH)2
28. Co-ordination compounds show 4 types of structural isomerism:
1) Ionisation Isomerism: It arises due to the inter change of ions between the inside
and outside of co-ordination sphere. They give different types of ions in aqueous
solution. E.g. [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br and [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4
2) Linkage isomerism: It arises in a co-ordination compound containing ambidentate
ligand, which can bind to the central atom through more than one donor atoms. 4
4x1
E.g.: [Co(NH3)5(ONO)]Cl2 and [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2
=4
3) Co-ordination Isomerism: It arises due to the interchange of ligands between
cationic and anionic parts of a complex.
E.g.: [Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] and [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]

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4) Solvate isomerism (Hydrate isomerism): Solvate isomers differ in the no. of

solvent molecule (water molecule) which are directly bonded to the metal ion as
ligand.
E.g.: [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 and [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O.
[Either explanation or example is required]
29. (a) CH3-I 1
(b) As the size of the halogen increases, the carbon-halogen bond strength decreases
and hence reactivity increases.
OR, Because of the greater atomic size of iodine, it will be released at a faster rate in 1
the presence of incoming nucleophile.
OR, Iodine is a better leaving group compared to bromine, due to its larger size.

(c) Electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene

1. Halogenation:

2. Nitration:

2x1
4
=2

3. Sulphonation:

4. Friedel – Crafts Alkylation Reaction:

+2 CHEMISTRY_SECOND TERM EXAM DEC 2023_ANSWER KEY_BY ANIL KUMAR K L, APHSS ADICHANALLOOR, KOLLAM
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5. Friedel – Crafts Acylation Reaction:

[Explanation or equations of any 2 reactions required]

30. (a) Power alcohol is a mixture of petrol, ethanol and a small amount of benzene.
OR, when ethanol is mixed with petrol and used to generate power in automobiles, it 1
is called power alcohol.
OR, it is a mixture of absolute alcohol (100% ethanol) and petrol in the ratio 20:80.
[Not included in NCERT Text Book]
(b) The greater acidity of phenol compared to alcohol is due to the following reasons:
1. Due to the greater s-character and electronegativity of sp2 hybridized carbon,
the ease of O-H bond cleavage is greater on phenol than alcohol. 2
4
2. The alkoxide ion (R-O-) formed by the ionization of alcohol is not resonance
stabilized. But the phenoxide ion (C6H5-O-) formed by the ionization of phenol
is resonance stabilized. So phenol readily loses H+ and hence it is more acidic.
(c) A is phenol and B is methyl iodide ½x2
OR, A is CH3I and B is C6H5-OH =1
OR,

31. (a) Reduction using lithium aluminium hydride [LiAlH4]

OR, CH3-COOH LiAlH4 CH3-CH2-OH 1
OR, by converting to an ester followed by catalytic hydrogenation.
OR, CH3-COOH + CH3-OH H+ CH3-COOCH3 H2/Pd CH3-CH2-OH + CH3-OH

(b) By oxidation with chromic acid or acidic or alkaline potassium permanganate.

OR, 1

(c) By treating with solid CO2 (dry ice) followed by acidification.

OR, CH3MgX + CO2 (s) CH3-COOMgX H2O/H+ CH3-COOH 1

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(d) By reduction using SnCl2 and HCl followed by hydrolysis [Stephen reaction].
OR,
(i) SnCl2/HCl
1
CH3-C≡N (ii) H3O+ CH3-CHO

OR, by treating with diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL-H) followed by hydrolysis.

(i) DIBAL-H
CH3-C≡N CH3-CHO
(ii) H2O

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+2 CHEMISTRY_SECOND TERM EXAM DEC 2023_ANSWER KEY_BY ANIL KUMAR K L, APHSS ADICHANALLOOR, KOLLAM
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