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Introduction Off Data and Information

Data refers to raw facts and numbers that have been collected but not yet processed. Information is processed data that has been organized into a meaningful form through operations like sorting and rearranging. The costs of individual items are data, while the total or average cost derived from them is information. Data and information can be dynamic, with data from one process becoming the input for another.

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43 views

Introduction Off Data and Information

Data refers to raw facts and numbers that have been collected but not yet processed. Information is processed data that has been organized into a meaningful form through operations like sorting and rearranging. The costs of individual items are data, while the total or average cost derived from them is information. Data and information can be dynamic, with data from one process becoming the input for another.

Uploaded by

najmaxasan863
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction off data and information

Data are raw facts, events, numbers and transactions, which have been collected, recorded, stored
but are not yet processed. Data consist of numbers and characters (i.e. alphabets and special
symbols) which are used to record facts and events about activities occurring in an environment.
Information is processed data. It is obtained after subjecting data to a series of processing
operations which convert related groups of data (raw facts) into a meaningful and coherent form.
Processing could be in the form of addition, subtracting, comparison, sorting, rearrangement etc.
This makes information useful and meaningful. In other words, information could be defined as the
desired form to which data is finally transformed after undergoing a series of processing.
Let us consider an example which distinguishes data from information. The costs of five different
items are data while the total cost or average cost which is obtained from the different costs is
information. Information must be communicated and received by a manager who uses it for decision
making. On most occasions, what is information to one manager might be data needing further
processing to another manager.
We should know that the main reason why people muddle both terms: data and information is
because they are both dynamic in their state. That is, data used as input for a computational
process may be an output of an earlier computation performed on the same computer and vice
versa.

Definition of data and information

What is information?
Information is stimuli that has meaning in some context for its receiver. When information is entered
into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data. After processing -- such as
formatting and printing -- output data can again be perceived as information. When information is
compiled or used to better understand something or to do something, it becomes knowledge.

What is data?
Data refers to the raw information. In the context of information technology (IT) and computing, it is
information that a software application collects and records. Data is typically stored in a database
and includes the fields, records and other information that make up the database. It can be
accessed and manipulated digitally, and it is quick and easy to transfer among computers.

DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

Data processing cycle refers to a set of operations used to transform data into useful information
The intent of this processing is to create actionable information that can be used to enhance a
business.
STAGES OF DATA PROCESSING
There are six (6) stages of data processing;
Data collection
Data preparation
Data input
Data processing
Data storage
Out put

Converting data to information


Data and information are not the same. Data refers to numerical and qualitative observations.
Information is created when data is presented in a way that has meaning to the recipient. To turn
data into information, it must be processed and organized. Presenting data in a way that has
meaning and value is called information design, and it is an important field in both Information
architecture and human-computer interaction.
Five characteristics of data quality and high-quality information in a database include the following:
● Information must come from a reliable source of information.
● Information cannot be partial or have details missing.
● Mechanisms must be in place to ensure that new data doesn't contradict existing data.
● Information must be distinctive and add value to a database.
● Information in a database must be timely and up to date.
Main Differences Between Data and Information
The terms data and information can mean different things in different contexts, but the main
differences between them are:
● Data is a collection of facts. Information is how you understand those facts in
context.
● Data is unorganized, while information is structured or organized.
● Information is an uncountable noun, while data is a mass noun.
● Data is not typically useful on its own, but information is.
● Data generally includes the raw forms of numbers, statements, and characters.
Information doesn’t have to.
● Information depends on data.

Data Information
Data is unorganised and unrefined Information comprises processed,
facts organised data presented in a
meaningful context
Data is an individual unit that Information is a group of data that
contains raw materials which do collectively carries a logical
not carry any specific meaning. meaning.
Data doesn’t depend on Information depends on data.
information.
Raw data alone is insufficient for Information is sufficient for decision
decision making making
An example of data is a student’s The average score of a class is the
test score information derived from the given
data.
Conclusion of data and information

Data is in an unorganized form, i.e. it is randomly collected facts and figures which are processed to
draw conclusions. On the other hand, when the data is organised, it becomes information, which
presents data in a better way and gives meaning to it

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