INTERFACE PYTHON WITH MYSQL

Basically the process of transfer data between python programs and MySQL database is known as Python
Database Connectivity.
There few steps you have to follow to perform Python Database Connectivity. These steps are as follow:
1. Import the required packages
2. Establish a connection
3. Execute SQL command
4. Process as per the requirements

Import the required packages

To perform the Python MySQL Database Connectivity you need to install mysql-connector-python package
using pip command.
pip install mysql connector python

After installation just write the import statement to import the package in python code.
import mysql.connector as msql

importing package mysql connector in python

Here I have instantiated msql to mysql.connector which can be work as an alias name for the connector.

Establish a connection

To establish a connection you need to create a connection object in Python. Take a variable as a connection
object and use connect() function with MySQL database specification like host name, username,
passoword or passwd and database itself. For example cn. Observe the code:

import mysql.connector as msql

cn=msql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='root',database='Studentdb')

Please ensure that you have provided appropriate username, password and database name available in your
MySQL interface.

After doing this, check for the errors if any. If your program runs without errors that means connection is
established. Although you can use is_connected() function to check whether the connection is established
or not! Observe this code:

import mysql.connector as msql

182 | P a g e
cn=msql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='root',database='Student')
if cn.is_connected():
print("Connection Established")
else:
print("Connection Errors! Kindly check!!!")

Execute SQL command and fetch rows

The next step after the successful connection is to write SQL command and fetch rows. The SQL
commands are used to perform DML operations and fetch rows read data from table. So we will see them in
detail later.
You have to create a cursor object for executing SQL command and fetch rows. Cursor object is a special
kind of structure that processes the data row by row in database. You can create cursor object in the
following manner.

cur=cn.cursor()

Performing DML operations (insert, update and delete)

To perform the DML operations like insert, update or delete follow these steps:
1. Create a cursor object
2. Write command as parameters for execute() function
3. Use commit() function to save the changes and reflect the data in the table.

insert command

Observe the following code:

import mysql.connector as msql

cn=msql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='MySQL@123',database='Studentdb')
cur=cn.cursor()
cur.execute("insert into students values(1111,'Asmita',78.50,'B1'))
cn.commit()

update command

import mysql.connector as msql

cn=msql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='MySQL@123',database='Studentdb')
cur=cn.cursor()
cur.execute("update students set marks=80.5 where rollno=1111")
cn.commit()

delete command

import mysql.connector as msql

cn=msql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='MySQL@123',database='Studentdb')
cur=cn.cursor()
183 | P a g e
cur.execute("delete from students where rollno=1111")
cn.commit()

Select Command

As you know the select command is used retrieve records from the database. The result is available in the
resultset or dataset. You can store the select the command in cursor object in python. Then for resultset you
can use the fetch…() function. These are:
1. fetchall(): It will retrieve all data from a database table in form of record or tuple or a row.
2. fetchone(): It will retrieve one record from the resultset as a tuple or a list. It returns the records in a
specific order like first record, the next time next record and so on. If records are not available then
it will return None.
3. fetchmany(n): It will retrieve a number of records from the database. If records are not available
then it will return an empty tuple.
4. rowcount: It is one of the properties of cursor object that return number of rows fetched from the
cursor object.

Observe the below-given code for fetchall() function:

import mysql.connector as msql

cn=msql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='MySQL@123',database='Studentdb')
cur=cn.cursor()
cur.execute("select * from students")
d=cursor.fetchall()
for r in d:
print(r)

Observe the below-given code for fetchmany(n) function:

import mysql.connector as msql

cn=msql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='MySQL@123',database='Studentdb')
cur=cn.cursor()
cur.execute("select * from students")
d=cursor.fetchmany(3)
for r in d:
print(r)

The above code will return 3 rows from the database.

Observe the below-given code for fetchone() function:

import mysql.connector as msql

import time
cn=msql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='MySQL@123',database='Studentdb')
cur=cn.cursor()
cur.execute("select * from students")

184 | P a g e
d=cur.fetchone()
print(d)
time.sleep(3)
d=cur.fetchone()
print(d)
time.sleep(3)
d=cur.fetchone()
time.sleep(3)
print(d)

Parameterized Queries

Sometimes we need to access values as per the user’s input. The query result is based on the values user has
passed. So for that we have this option parameterized queries. There are two ways to use parameterized
queries:
1. with % formatting pattern
2. with {}.format pattern

with % formatting pattern

This pattern takes the general form – f % v, where f is a format and v is the value. Consider the following
code:
import mysql.connector as msql
import time
cn=msql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='MySQL@123',database='Studentdb')
cur=cn.cursor()

#display records more than 80%

cur.execute("select * from students where marks >%s" %(80,))
d=cur.fetchall()
for r in d:
print(r)

#display records having B1 grade

cur.execute("select * from students where grade='%s'" %('B1',))
d=cur.fetchall()
for r in d:
print(r)

with {}.format pattern

In this pattern you can write {} where the value is placed followed by .format(values). Consider the
following code:

import mysql.connector as msql

import time
cn=msql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='MySQL@123',database='Studentdb')

185 | P a g e
cur=cn.cursor()
cur.execute("select * from students where marks >{}" .format(80))
d=cur.fetchall()
for r in d:
print(r)
cur.execute("select * from students where grade='{}'".format('B1'))
d=cur.fetchall()
for r in d:
print(r)

Close the connection

Finally, you have to close the established connect using close() function. It will help to clean up the
memory. Observe the following code:

con.close()

WORKSHEETS

L3 – Very Short Answer questions (1 mark)

1. Which package do we import in Python to establish MySQL connectivity ?
Ans. mysql.connector

2. What is the significance of using connect( ) function ?

Ans. connect( ) function is used to connect or establish a connection with MySQL database.

3. What is the role of execute( ) ?

Ans. The role of the execute function is execution of queries which are MySQL queries along
with Python interface.

4. What is the command to install mysql connector ?

Ans. pip install mysql-connector (OR)
pip install mysql-connector-python

5. What is a database connectivity ?

Ans. A database connectivity refers to the connection and communication between an
application and database system.

L3 – Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark)

1. A database _________ controls the connection to an actual database, established from within a
Python program.
(a) database object (b) connection object (c) fetch object (d) query object

186 | P a g e