BBY32105

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 2

SITE ANALYSIS AND CASE STUDY

PRESENTATION

NORNASHIMA MD ALI
SITE ANALYSIS AND CASE STUDY
PRESENTATION

3.1 Building performance and technology

3.2 Site Investigation
3.3 Building performance and maintenance
3.4 Materials
3.5 Building Services Design
3.6 Problems and Defects
3.1 Building performance and technology

❖ A building's performance (or efficiency) is a measure of how well it

functions in relation to designated criteria such as physical, social
or environmental considerations.

❖ For example, a building's physical efficiency might be evaluated by

assessing parameters such as heat loss, energy use, water use,
water tightness, structural performance, fire performance and so
on.

❖ It can also measure whether the resources necessary to design and

construct a building have been used effectively.
3.1 Building performance and technology
Building performance is the single most important thing for ALL
buildings.
With poor building envelope performance, comes higher energy consumption. Using more efficient
plant to heat and cool a building is not tackling energy consumption from the source of the problem.

High performance buildings (HPB):

• Are safe, comfortable and efficient
• Help owners/occupants achieve business missions
• Operate reliably with minimum unscheduled downtime and fast recovery
• Enhance organization and occupant performance, retain/increase value
• Maintain performance within acceptable tolerances throughout their lifespan
3.1 Building performance and technology

• Building performance issues

• Functionality
• Serviceability
• Building-occupant comfort
• Trends
• Use performance as the major criteria
for building design (performance-based)
• The need to study, measure, and predict
the level of building performance (to
quantify)
3.1 Building performance and technology
Optimized buildings improve energy and operational
efficiency, occupant comfort, equipment lifecycles and
capital planning
• Improved energy efficiency
• Better health, comfort and productivity for building occupants
• Extended equipment lifecycles
• Enhanced operational efficiency with remote monitoring and diagnostics
• More informed, data-driven capital planning decisions

Applying building analytics from meters, submeters, building

management systems and IoT sensors to improve building
performance
3.1 Building performance and technology

➢ The facilities management ecosystem is made up of building owners,

building service providers (in-house or, increasingly, third party providers)
and building occupants.

➢ Like other industries, key shifts are occurring in the commercial real estate
market that are challenging traditional roles and responsibilities.

➢ Who is responsible for ensuring buildings perform at their best — building

owners, or building service providers?

➢ The answer is both. Both building owners and building service providers
must play a role to optimize building performance and building optimization
technology is relevant to both parties.
3.1 Building performance and technology
Building owners must communicate how buildings can support core
business objectives

• Building owners are best placed to understand the key function of a building and the
outcomes the building occupants and investors desire.

• To ensure buildings perform at their peak, building owners should work together with service
providers to communicate these core business objectives, so that building service providers
can execute the maintenance strategy needed to support their business.

• Together, building optimization data can be shared between both parties so that building
service providers can provide a higher level of service, and building owners can verify
building performance outcomes.
3.1 Building performance and technology
Building service providers must deliver optimized buildings to support business
objectives

An increasing amount of building performance management is being outsourced to third

parties such as mechanical service contractors, facility managers or other building
services firms. Currently, most building services providers offer service level agreements
built around scheduled site visits, the number of truck rolls, and the hourly rate of
engineers or maintenance professionals sent to sites to reactively solve problems, or
deliver to a planned maintenance schedule. Increasingly, to deliver on the expectations
that have been lifted across other industries, building services staff will be expected to
deliver more tangible benefits than are currently outlined in their service level agreements.

We recently commissioned a study to investigate the current level of building optimization

technology adoption among building service providers in North America.
3.2 Site Investigation
3.2 Site Investigation :A Case Study Of Building Performance
Analyses Using Building Information Modeling
Abstract

The most effective decisions related to the sustainable design of a building can be made in the
planning and design phases.

Since Building Information Modeling (BIM) allows for multi-disciplinary information to be

superimposed within one model, it creates an opportunity for sustainability measures to be
incorporated early in the design process

Based on the collected data, it is found that BIM can significantly aid in performing complex
building performance analyses to ensure an optimized building design.

The designers can also use these results to generate necessary documentation for LEED®
certification (a green building rating system used in the USA), thereby saving considerable time
and resources
3.2 Site Investigation :A Case Study Of Building Performance Analyses
Using Building Information Modeling

❖ The necessary data were collected via a case study of the DPR Construction Inc. headquarters building
which is a 52,300 ft2 LEED(R) Gold certified facility located in Sacramento, California, USA.
❖ The study reported in this paper is part of an ongoing research project to evaluate the use of BIM for
sustainable design and LEED(R) certification process.
❖ This paper will specifically discuss the role of BIM for building performance analyses.
❖ Figure 1 shows the front elevation of this building (left) and its resulting building information model (right).
3.3 Building performance and maintenance
Krygiel and Nies (2008) indicated that BIM can aid in the following aspects of sustainable
design.

• Building orientation (to select the best building orientation that results in minimum
energy costs)
• Building massing (to analyze building form and optimize the building envelope)
• Day lighting analysis
• Energy modeling (to reduce energy needs and analyze renewable energy options such
as solar energy)
• Water harvesting (to reduce water needs in a building)
• Sustainable materials (to reduce material needs and to use recycled materials)
• Site and logistics management (to reduce waste and carbon footprints)
3.3 Building performance and maintenance

For projects pursuing LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental

Design) certification (a green building rating system used in the USA), many
LEED® credits require that drawings be submitted to support the qualification
for credit.

Although most of these drawings can be prepared using conventional CAD

software, BIM software produces these drawings more efficiently as part of the
building information model and have the added advantage of parametric
change technology, which coordinates changes and maintains consistency at
all times. Thus user does not have to intervene to update drawings or links.
3.3 Building performance and maintenance

Similarly, such models carry a wealth of information for many other aspects
of sustainable design and/or LEED® certification process.

For instance, schedules of building components can be obtained directly

from the model to determine percentages of material reuse, recycling, or
salvage.

According to Autodesk (2005), up to 20 points for LEED® certification can

be facilitated using BIM.
3.3 Building performance and maintenance

A select list of standout green

buildings and projects in Malaysia,
certified by the Green Building Index
(GBI), Green Real Estate (GreenRE),
or the Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED)
3.4 Materials
Building Orientation And Other Contextual Data

➢ To conduct the building performance analyses, DPR incorporated multiple types of contextual
information into the IES Virtual Environment TM (IES-VETM) software.
➢ To simulate the effects of the building's orientation within its immediate context, as well as its
overall geographic location, information related to its site location was entered in the software.
➢ Site related data input also included weather data for a typical year.
➢ This information is entered through an integrated IES-VETM interface known as Location and
Weather Data Wizard.
➢ Through the use of this wizard, location data including city and state, latitude, longitude, altitude,
and time zone was extrapolated and associated with the simulation. DPR was also able to affect
the performance analyses by defining the time period, in months, in which the simulation was to
take place.
➢ In addition to this information, DPR defined detailed site information relating to the impacts of the
immediate site. This included a ground reflectance rating, terrain type, as well as a wind exposure
rating. For an example of this interface, see Figure 3 (DPR Construction Inc., 2008).
3.4 Materials
3.4 Materials
Building Envelope And Space Usage

➢ Also contributing to the energy usage assessment was data which defined the materials
used for the building envelope, as well as space usage data.
➢ The building envelope information was defined, based on architectural drawings and
specifications, as an assembly.
➢ This assembly’s material properties, such as R-value and material mass, were then
evaluated by the IES-VETM to determine the effect of the envelope on building energy
performance.
➢ Space usage data was also entered which defined the quantity of people expected to use
the space, lighting types, and equipment types.
➢ These factors were combined to determine internal gains to the cooling load as shown in
Figure 5.
➢ These internal gains were supplemented by occupancy schedules which evaluated the
facility based on an estimated daily and weekly usage (DPR Construction Inc., 2008).
3.4 Materials
3.5 Building Services Design
3.5 Building Services Design
HVAC System

➢ Input data related to the type of HVAC system was also entered into the IES-VETM system.
This process is supported through an interface which allows a user to define the type of
HVAC system.
➢ After selecting a system type, information is entered which defines the facility’s heating
system type and properties.
➢ Among the types of information available for selection or input include fuel type (such as
natural gas), generator seasonal efficiency, and heating delivery efficiency.
➢ Cooling system information which is entered includes cooling mechanism type such as air
conditioning, generator type, heat rejection pump and fan power, as well as cooling delivery
efficiency.
➢ Additionally, the user is able to include information pertaining to auxiliary equipment such
as fans, pumps, and controls. An example of this interface is shown in Figure 4 (DPR
Construction Inc., 2008).
3.5 Building Services Design
3.5 Building Services Design
Solar Shading Device Analysis

➢ In addition to the energy analysis, a separate analysis was performed with

the intent of evaluating the amount of building area which would experience
direct solar incidence.
➢ This analysis was performed both with and without the shading devices.
➢ As shown in Figure 9, without the sun shading devices, the percent area of
direct solar incidence would total 67.12% of the total surface area of the
building.
➢ When the sun shading devices were introduced into the model, the percent
area of direct solar incidence was reduced to 48.17%, providing a 19%
reduction in building facility surface area experiencing direct solar incidence
which could further help to reduce the energy costs.
3.5 Building Services Design
3.6 Problems and Defects
Regarding foreseen future challenges, DPR stated that the most significant
challenges faced by the company are:

1. Lack of interoperability between various BIM-based applications.

2. Mechanical design community slow to embrace BIM-based energy analysis
applications. This is because a non-BIM based analysis software is
currently approved and used for sustainability related analyses (known as
DOE-2TM).
3. No BIM-based energy analysis applications certified by the California
Energy Commission (CEC). DPR believes that if the CEC approved IES-
VETM for Title 24 compliance, more mechanical engineers would be open
to adopting BIM-based sustainability analysis.
Conclusions
• Client requests for information regarding the performance over time of DPR Construction’s
LEED® certified facilities were the primary factor leading to DPR’s comparative analysis.

• DPR realizes $28,000/year in energy savings. Although this savings is a result of non-BIM
based energy analysis, DPR’s comparative analysis concluded that the BIM based evaluation
methods they currently use perform as well, if not better, than this result.

• DPR’s current method of energy analysis, which is BIM-based, saves the company, as well as
other project stakeholders both time and money.

• Risks and challenges of BIM-based building performance analyses include lack of

interoperability between various BIM-based applications, the relative slowness of the
mechanical design community in adopting BIM, and a lack of BIM-based analyses applications
certified by the California Energy Commission.
References
Azman S., Brown J.W. & Sattineni A. (2010). “A Case Study Of Building Performance Analyses Using
Building Information Modeling“, 27th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in
Construction (ISARC 2010), 213-222.

Envizi, Guide to Improving Building Performance with Building Optimization Technology. Available at
https://envizi.com/how-to-improve-building-performance-with-building-optimization-technology/

The Construction Wiki, Building performance. Available at

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Building_performance#Building_regulations

Hui C.M. (2016). Trane Training Class 2016: High Performance Building System in Smart City. The Joint
Professional Centre, The Center, Hong Kong, 11 Nov 2016.
Thank you