Ncert Solutions Class 9 Science Chapter 10 Gravitation - 0
Ncert Solutions Class 9 Science Chapter 10 Gravitation - 0
Ncert Solutions Class 9 Science Chapter 10 Gravitation - 0
Answer:
The universal law of gravitation states that everybody in the universe attracts every
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other body by the virtue of its mass. This force is directly proportional to the product of
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the masses of the two bodies and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them.
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Let there be two bodies of masses m 1 and m 2 and let the distance between them be r.
The gravitational force F g between them would be given by
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where G is the universal gravitational constant and is equal to
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Q2. Write the formula to find the magnitude of the gravitational force between the earth
and an object on the surface of the earth.
Answer:
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Let M E and m be the masses of the earth and the body and let the distance between
the centre of Earth and the body be d. The magnitude of the gravitational force between
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Mass of Earth,
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Solutions for NCERT class 9 science chapter 10 Gravitation
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Topic 10.2 Free fall
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Q1. What do you mean by free fall?
Answer:
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We say an object is freely falling when it is dropped from some height and is attracted
by the gravitational force of earth only and is under the influence of no other
considerable force.
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Answer:
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Each object on the Earth is under the influence of the gravitational force of the earth.
The acceleration due to the earth's gravitational force is known as acceleration due to
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gravity.
Q1. What are the differences between the mass of an object and its weight?
Answer:
The following are the differences between the mass of a body and its weight
Mass Weight
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(i) Mass is the amount of (i) Weight is the gravitational force
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matter contained in the experienced by the body.
body.
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(ii) Mass of a body is (ii) Weight of a body depends on the
always constant.
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place where it is at.
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(iii) Mass is the measure of (iii) Weight is the measure of the
the inertia of the body. gravitational force acting on the
body.
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well
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kilogram (kg).
Q2. Why is the weight of an object on the moon its weight on the earth?
Answer:
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where M M is the mass of the moon, m is mass of the body, r M is the radius of the moon
and G is the gravitational constant.
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The weight of an object on the Earth would be given by
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where M E and r E are the mass and radius of the earth respectively.
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The above ratio is approximately equal to 1/6 and this is why the weight of an object on
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Q1. Why is it difficult to hold a school bag having a strap made of a thin and strong
string?
Answer:
It is difficult to hold a school bag having a strap made of a thin and strong string
because as the surface area of the string in contact with the shoulders is very less and
due to this, its weight applies a large pressure on the shoulders.
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Answer:
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When an object is placed in a fluid it displaces a volume of liquid equal to its own
volume. Due to this, the liquid exerts an upward force on the body called the Buoyant
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force. This tendency of a liquid to exert the upward buoyant force is called buoyancy.
Q3. Why does an object float or sink when placed on the surface of the water?
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Answer:
When an object is placed on the surface of the water it displaces a certain volume of
water. If the density of the object is less than that of water the buoyant force due to this
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displacement of water is equal to the weight of the object and it floats on the surface of
the water. If the density of the object is more than the density of water, the volume of
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water displaced would be equal to the volume of the object itself and the buoyant force
acting upwards due to this displacement of water would be less than the weight of the
object and the object would sink.
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Q1. You find your mass to be on a weighing machine. Is your mass more or less
than ?
Answer:
The weighing scale shows the reading according to the weight applied to it. The weight
on the weighing scale would be slightly less than our weight because there is a small
upward force acting on us due to the buoyancy of the atmosphere and the reading
would be slightly lower than our actual weight, therefore, our mass must be more than
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42 kg.
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Q2. You have a bag of cotton and an iron bar, each indicating a mass of when
measured on a weighing machine. In reality, one is heavier than other. Can you say
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which one is heavier and why?
Answer:
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The volume of the bag of cotton would be much more than the iron bar and the upward
buoyant force on the bag of cotton would be more than that acting on the iron bar and
therefore the value is shown in case of the bag of cotton must be lesser than the actual
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value by a larger amount and therefore the bag of cotton is heavier than the iron bar.
Exercise Questions
Q1. How does the force of gravitation between two objects change when the distance
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Answer:
Let there be two bodies of masses m 1 and m 2 and let the distance between them be r.
The gravitational force F between them would be given by
Let the distance between them be halved by two. The gravitational force between them
would now be given by
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The force of gravitation between two objects would increase by 4 times if the distance
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between them is halved.
Q2. Gravitational force acts on all objects in proportion to their masses. Why then, a
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heavy object does not fall faster than a light object?
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Answer:
The gravitational force acting is definitely more in the case of a heavier object than a
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light object but the acceleration depends on the ratio of the force acting on the body to
the mass of the body and since gravitational force acting on a body is proportional to its
mass the acceleration due to gravity is the same for all bodies irrespective of their
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masses.
Q.3. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the earth and
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Answer:
Mass of Earth M E is
Mass of the body m is 1 kg
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The magnitude of the gravitational force between the earth and the body would be
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Q4. The earth and the moon are attracted to each other by gravitational force. Does the
earth attract the moon with a force that is greater or smaller or the same as the force
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with which the moon attracts the earth? Why?
Answer:
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The earth attracts the moon with the same force as the moon attracts the earth.
We know from the third law of motion that each force has an equal and opposite force
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and the universal gravitational law also states the same i.e. the gravitational force of
attraction between two bodies is the same.
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Q5. If the moon attracts the earth, why does the earth not move towards the moon?
Answer:
The moon and the earth attract each other with the same gravitational force. It is
because of the much larger mass of the earth than the mass of the moon the earth does
not move towards the moon.
Q6. (i) What happens to the force between two objects, if
Answer:
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As the force between the objects is directly proportional to the product of masses of the
objects if the mass of one object is doubled the force between them will also double.
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Q6.(ii) What happens to the force between two objects, if
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The distance between the objects is doubled and tripled?
Answer:
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The force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them. Therefore if the distance between the objects is doubled and tripled the
force between them would become one fourth and one-ninth of the initial value
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respectively.
Answer:
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As the force between the objects is directly proportional to the product of masses of the
objects if the masses of both objects are doubled the force will become four times the
initial value.
The importance of universal law of gravitation lies in the fact that it proves that every
object in the universe is attracted by every other object in the universe by the virtue of
their masses.
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Q8. What is the acceleration of free fall?
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Answer:
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The acceleration of free fall on earth is 9.8 m s -2 and is the same for all objects i.e. its
value is independent of their masses.
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Q9. What do we call the gravitational force between the earth and an object?
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Answer:
The gravitational force between the earth and an object is called the weight of the
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object.
Q10. Amit buys few grams of gold at the poles as per the instruction of one of his
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friends. He hands over the same when he meets him at the equator. Will the friend
agree with the weight of gold bought? If not, why? [Hint: The value of g is greater at the
poles than at the equator.]
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Answer:
As the value of g is more at the poles than that at the equator the weight of the same
amount of gold would be more at the poles than that at the equator and therefore the
friend will not agree with the weight of gold bought.
Q11. Why will a sheet of paper fall slower than one that is crumpled into a ball?
Answer:
A sheet of paper has much more area than the same paper crumbled and due to this
the sheet experiences more air resistance and thus falls at a speed slower than when it
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is crumbled.
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Q12. The gravitational force on the surface of the moon is only as strong as
gravitational force on the earth. What is the weight in newtons of a object on the
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moon and on the earth?
Answer:
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The weight of an object on earth is given by w = mg where m is the mass of the object
and g is the gravitational acceleration.
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g = 9.8 m s -2
As the gravitational force on the surface of the moon is only 1/6th of that on earth the
gravitational accelerations on the moon would be equal to g/6.
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Answer:
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Final velocity at the highest point would be v = 0
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The magnitude of the acceleration is equal to the acceleration due to gravity g
Acceleration, a = -g = -9.8 m s -2
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Let the maximum height to which it rises be s
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Using the third equation of motion we have
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Answer:
Let the time taken by the ball to reach the highest point be t
At the same time, t would be taken to come back to the ground from the highest point.
Therefore the total time it takes to return to the surface of the earth = 2t = 10 s.
Q14. A stone is released from the top of a tower of height Calculate its final
velocity just before touching the ground.
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Answer:
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Initial velocity u = 0
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Acceleration, a = g = 9.8 m s -2
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Let the final velocity be v
Its final velocity just before touching the ground will be 19.6 m s -1 .
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Initial velocity u = 40 m s -1
Acceleration a = -g = -10 m s -2
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Final velocity at the highest point would be v = 0
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Let the maximum height reached be s
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The net displacement would be zero as the stone will return to the point from where it
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was thrown.
Q16. Calculate the force of gravitation between the earth and the Sun, given that the
Answer:
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The force of gravitation between the earth and the Sun would be given as
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Q17. A stone is allowed to fall from the top of a tower high and at the same time,
another stone is projected vertically upwards from the ground with a velocity
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of . Calculate when and where the two stones will meet.
Answer:
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Let the distance travelled by the stone which is dropped from the top upto the instant
when the two stones meet be x
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Initial velocity u = 0
Acceleration a = g = 9.8 m s -2
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Initial velocity = 25 m s -1
Acceleration a = -g = -9.8 m s -2
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Using the second equation of motion
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Equating x from (i) and (ii) we get
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25t = 100
t = 4s
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x = 4.9t 2
x = 4.9 X 4 2
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x = 78.4 m
The stones meet after a time of 4 seconds at a height of 21.6 meters from the ground.
Answer:
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(a) Let the ball be thrown with initial velocity u
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Time taken to get back to the thrower = 6 s
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Final velocity at the highest point is v = 0
Acceleration a = -g = -9.8 m s -2
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Using the first equation of motion
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(c) Out of the 4 seconds, 3 have been spent in reaching the highest point
The distance travelled by the ball in the next 1 second is s' given by
Distance from the ground after 4 seconds = s - s' = 44.1 - 4.9 = 39.2 m
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The position of the ball after 4 seconds is 39.2 m from the ground.
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Q19. In what direction does the buoyant force on an object immersed in a liquid act?
Answer:
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The buoyant force acts on an object in the vertically upward direction opposite to that of
gravitational force.
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Q20. Why does a block of plastic released under water come up to the surface of
water?
Answer:
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The density of plastic is less than that of water and due to which the upwards acting
buoyant force is more than the downwards acting gravitational force. Due to this, a
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block of plastic released under water comes up to the surface of the water.
Answer:
As the given substance has a higher density than that of water it will be sinking in water.
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Q22. T he volume of a sealed packet is . Will the packet float or sink in
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water if the density of water is ? What will be the mass of the water displaced
by this packet? What will be the mass of the water displaced by this packet?
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Answer:
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Volume of the packet = 350 cm 3
As the density of the packet is less than that of water it will sink in water.
Volume of the water displaced by the packet = volume of the packet = 350 cm 3
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Mass of the water displaced by the packet = Volume of the water displaced by the
packet X Density of water
= 350 X 1
= 350 g
Mass of water displaced is less than the mass of packet, so the packet will sink.
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