Solutions Manual

Chapter 2

Partial Derivatives

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2.1 FUNCTION OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

ADDITIONAL EXERCISE 2

1. (a) =D {( x, y ) x + y > 0} (c)=D {( x, y, z ) x + y + z > 0}

(b) =D {( x, y ) y < −1, y > 1} (d)
= D {( x, y, z ) x + y + z ≥ 0, z ≠ ±1}

36
2. (a)
7
8
(b)
3
(c) 3
(d) 0
(e) 0
(f) 0

3. (a) The limit does not exist.

(b) The limit does not exist.
(c) The limit does not exist.
(d) The limit does not exist.

∂f e3
− @ − 5.0214
=
∂x (2,3,1) 4
∂f e3
4. = @10.0428
∂y (2,3,1)
2
∂f e3
= 972 + @ 982.0428
∂z (2,3,1) 2

∂w 12
=
∂u (l,2) 49
5.
∂w 6
= −
∂v (l,2) 49

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( ) ( )
2 2
=g x 2 x 2 e y sec 2 x 2 + y + e y tan x 2 + y
6.
( ) ( )
2 2
=g y xe y sec 2 x 2 + y + 2 xye y tan x 2 + y

g x 6 xy + 2 ye 2 xy
=
7. g xy =6 x + ( 4 xy + 2 ) e 2 xy
6 + e 2 xy (8 xy 2 + 8 y )
g xyx =

8. ( )
wxx = −36 x 4 sin x 3 + y 3 + z 3 + 24 x cos x3 + y 3 + z 3 ( )
( )
wyy = 4 xe z − 36 y 4 sin x 3 + y 3 + z 3 + 24 y cos x 3 + y 3 + z 3 ( )
( )
wzz = 2 xy 2 e z − 36 z 4 sin x 3 + y 3 + z 3 + 24 z cos x 3 + y 3 + z 3 ( )

 x2 y 2 
9. 3  = 3u
 ( x + y) 

dw
10. =5
dt

dz 3
11. = .
dt 2π

∂z
( )
2
= 3( xy 2 ) 2 y 2 + 3 x 2 ln y ( 2 x ln y )
∂x
12.
2 x 
2
∂z
= 6( xy 2 ) 2 xy + 3 x 2 ln y  
∂y
( )
 y 

gu = −1.483
13.
g v = −2.271

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3se 2 st − 2 t 2
(
cos 3 s 2 + t 2 )
dz
ds
2

(
=2te 2 st − 2t sin 3 s 2 + t 2 + ) 2
s +t 2

14.
2

(
3te 2 st − 2t cos 3 s 2 + t 2 ).
dz
dt
2

(
=2e 2 st − 2t sin 3 s 2 + t 2 ) ( s − 2t ) + s2 + t 2

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Chapter 3

Multiple Integrals

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ADDITIONAL EXERCISE 3

1 2
1. (a) ∫ ∫ ( 2 x + 10 ) dydx =
0 0
22

4 2
(b) ∫∫
2 0
3x 2 y dx dy = 48

ln 3 ln 2 e x+2 y 3
(c) ∫ ∫
0 0 2
dy dx =
2
3 1
(d) ∫∫
1 −1
(4 x + 6 y ) dy dx =
32
0 2 32
(e) ∫ ∫ −2 0
( x 2 + y 2 ) dx dy =
3
2 1 3
(f) ∫ ∫ 3 y cos x dy dx = 2 sin 2
0 0

π 2 x sin( xy ) −1
(g) ∫π ∫2
1 3
dy dx =
3
1 1 7
∫ ∫ ( x + y) dx dy =
2
(h)
0 0 6
3 5 ln y 1
(i) ∫∫
1 1 xy
dy dx = (ln 3)(ln 5) 2
2
1 2 xe x
(j) ∫∫
0 1 y
dydx = ln 2

2 π x sin 2 y π
(k) ∫∫
0 0 4
dy dx =
4

2 1 8
2. (a) ∫ ∫ 2 xy dxdy = 3
2
0 0

2π π
(b) ∫ ∫ (8 ycosx − 6 xcosy ) dydx =
0 0
0

π
4 xsec 2 ( 2 y )
1 1
(c) ∫
0
8
∫0 7 dxdy = 7
2 yx 2 1
( ln ( 7 ) − 2 ln ( 2 ) ) @ 0.1865
2 1
(d) ∫ ∫ −1 0 2
y +3
= dxdy
3

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π
π
cos ( y + x ) 2 −2
(e) ∫ ∫
0 0
4
5
= dydx
5
@ − 0.1172

1 x
2
3. (a) ∫∫
−1 x 2
xy 2 dydx =
5
2 3− y

(b) ∫ ∫ 6 y dxdy =
1 y
−1

2
3 9− y

(c) ∫ ∫
0 0
6 y dxdy = 54

2 x
4
(d) ∫∫ y
0 0
x 2 − y 2 dydx =
3
2 x2
128
∫ ∫ (x
2
(e) − y ) dydx =
−2 − x 2
5

5 x
(f) ∫ ∫ (24 x − 6 y) dydx =
1 0
868

1 y
1
∫ ∫ xe
y3
(g) dxdy
= (e − 1)
0 0
6
1 x2

∫ ∫ 6 cos( x ) dydx = 2sin1

3
(h)
0 0

2
2 y
x2 y 16
(i) ∫∫ dxdy =
0 0
2 3
1 x
1
(j) ∫∫
0 0
1 − x 2 dydx =
3

1
4. (a)
2
32
(b)
15
52
(c)
9

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125
(d) or 20.8333
6
531
(e) or 15.1714
35
1
(f)
8
( 2sin ( 2 ) + 4 cos ( 2 ) ) @ 0.0193
1
(g)
6
(h) 0
(i) 0
3268
−
(j) 5

π
5. (a) 1≤ r ≤ 2 , 0 ≤θ ≤
2
π π
(b) 2≤r ≤3, − ≤θ ≤
2 2
π 3π
(c) 0 ≤ r <1 , ≤θ ≤
2 2
π 5π
(d) ∴1 ≤ r < 2sin θ , ≤θ ≤
6 6

2π cosθ
6. (a) ∫ ∫
0 0
r 2 drdθ = 0

π cosθ 5π
(b) ∫ ∫
π
2
0
5r dr dθ =
8
π
sin 5θ r 20π + 3 3
(c) ∫ ∫
0
3
0 6
dr dθ =
1440
@ 0.0472

2
2π θ e 4π − 1
∫ ∫
θ2
(d) e dr dθ =
0 0 2

1 −1
7. (a) −
3
( e − 1) π
32π
(b)
3

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5
(c)
3
(d) 8.9706
(e) ( ( 2sin 2 + cos 2 ) − 1) 2π
− cos 9 + cos1
(f) π
4
(g) 4π
π
(h) sin1
2
1 −4 π
(i) −
4
( e − 1) @ (1 − e −4 )
4
4
(j)
15

2 3 2

∫ ∫ ∫ 12 xy z
2 3
8. (a) dzdydx = 648
−1 0 0

1 1 1− y
4
(b) ∫ ∫ ∫ 1 dzdydx = 15
0 x2 0

1 1 1− y
16
(c) ∫ ∫ ∫ 6 z dzdydx = 35
0 x2 0

2π 2 r cosθ + 2
(d) ∫∫ ∫
0 1 0
(r sin θ ) rdzdrdθ = 0

2π 3 9
(e) ∫ ∫∫
0 0 r 2
(r cos θ ) rdzdrdθ = 0

2π 1 r sin θ 𝜋𝜋
(f) ∫ ∫∫
0 0 0
r 2 sin θ dzdrdθ = 4 = 0.7854
π
2π 1
(g) ∫ ∫ ∫
0
2
0 0
(16 ρ cos φ ) ρ 2 sin φ d ρ dθ dφ = 4π
π
π 2 5π
(h) ∫ ∫ ∫
π
2
2
0 1
ρ 3 sin 3 φ d ρ dφ dθ =
4
2π π 2
(i) ∫ ∫ ∫
0 0 0
ρ 3 cos 2 θ d ρ dφ dθ = 4𝜋𝜋 = 12.5664

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CHAPTER 4

First Order Ordinary

Differential Equation

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ADDITIONAL EXERCISE 4

x3
1. (a) y = Ae 3

y2
(b) ln y + =x + A
2
(c) cos
= y cos x + A

1
ln y =− ln x 2 + 4 + A
(d) 2

1 x2 3
2. (a) 2 y 3= e + x2 + (b) =y esin x − 0.65
2 2

x2 1
(c) −e − y = + 2x −1 (d) − =−2 x 2 + 1
2 y

(Newton’s Law of Cooling)

3. t ≈ 7.4 minutes

4. t = 11.51 minutes

5. t ≈ −1.114277 hours @ -1 hour and 6.85 minutes

(Note that -ve sign shows that the victim was alive 1hour and
6.85minutes ago)

6. t = 33.56 minutes

(Population Growth)

7. (a)
= D Ae
= 0.1t
; A eB (b) A = 50 (c) 1.98 years

8. (a) 1,234,963 people (b) 35 years

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
9. (a) = 0.2310𝑁𝑁
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

(b) 6 hours

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ln 2
t
10. (a) y (t ) = e 20
(b) 64 (c) t = 398.63 minutes

x2
−
11. (a) y = 1 + Ae 2

− x cos x + sin x + A
(b) y=
x2

− ln 1 − e x + A
(c) y=
ex
sin x A
(d) =y +
2 sin x

x3 + 2
12. (a) y=
3x
(b) =y esin x − 0.65

sin ( e x ) − sin1
(c) y=
ex
1
(d) ln ( 2 x − 1) = t 2 + A
2

(Mixing Problem)
t
−
13. (a) y (=
t ) 500 − 500e 5
(b) 475 lb

dy  y (t )   3 
14. (a) [(5)(2) + (5)(2)] − 3 
= 20 − 
 =  y (t )
dt  150 + ( 2 + 2 − 3 ) t   150 + t 

y 5 (150 + t ) + 50 (150 ) (150 + t )

3 −3
(b) =

(c) y (30) =
900 + 28.935 ≈ 928.935 tablespoons

dy  y (t )   45 
15. (a) [(40)(2)] − 45 
= 80 − 
 =  y (t )
dt  2000 + ( 40 − 45 ) t   2000 − 5t 

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3900
( t ) 2 ( 2000 − 5t ) − ( 2000 − 5t )
9
(b) y=
( 2000 )
9

(c) 1342.027 lb

(Electric Circuit Problem)

E E − RL t
16. (a) I ( t=
) − e
R R

(b) I ( 20 )= 2 − 2e−100

17. (a) I ( t )= 5 − 5e −3t

(b) ≈ 0.3 seconds

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CHAPTER 5

SECOND ORDER
DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS

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ADDITIONAL EXERCISES

1
x
1. (a) The general solution : y=
( x) c1e 3 + c2 e − x

(b) ( x) c1e 2 x + c2 e − x
The general solution : y=

(c) The general solution=

: y ( x) c1 cos 6 x + c2 sin 6 x
1 1
− x − x
(d) Thus, the particluar solution is =
y ( x ) 2e 2
+ 2 xe 2

2 20
2. (a) y ( x) = c1e − x + c2 e9 x − x−
9 81

1 2 2 1
(b) is y ( x) e − x ( c1 cos 3 x + c2 sin 3 x ) +
Thus,the general solution= x − x−
10 5 5
Thus, the general solution is,
(c) 1
y ( x) = c1 cos 2 x + c2 sin 2 x − x sin 2 x
4
1 13 1
(d) Thus, the particluar solution is y ( x) =
− cos 3 x + sin 3 x + e x .
10 10 10

3. (a) Finally, find the general solution, y ( x)

y ( x) u ( x) y1 ( x) + v( x) y2 ( x)
=
( −2e2 x + c1 ) e−4 x + ( 4 x + c2 ) e−2 x
=

(b) Finally, find the general solution, y ( x)

y ( x) u ( x) y1 ( x) + v( x) y2 ( x)
=
 cos 2 x  1 sin 2 x 
=  + c1  cos x +  x + + c2  sin x
 4  2 4 
(c) Finally, find the general solution, y ( x)

y ( x) u ( x) y1 ( x) + v( x) y2 ( x)
=
 x3 x 2   x2 
=  − − + c1  e 2 x +  + x + c2  xe 2 x
 3 2   2 

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4. (a) Undetermined Coefficients Method

1
Thus, the general solution is, y ( x) = c1 cos 2 x + c2 sin 2 x + x
4

Variation of Parameters Method

Finally, find the general solution, y ( x)

1
y ( x) = c1 cos 2 x + c2 sin 2 x + x
4

(b) Undetermined Coefficients Method

3 2x
Thus, the general solution is, y ( x) = c1e −2 x + c2 e −3 x + e
20

Variation of Parameters Method

Finally, find the general solution, y ( x)

3 2x
y ( x) = c1e −2 x + c2 e −3 x + e
20

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