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IQOS Function

This document introduces IQOS, a network traffic management system. It discusses IQOS pipes which filter and control traffic in layers using profiles, root pipes, and sub pipes. It also covers IQOS traffic control modes including shaping, policing, monitoring, and DSCP/TOS marking. Finally, it differentiates bandwidth control techniques such as reserved bandwidth, bandwidth guarantee, average bandwidth, and bandwidth borrowing.

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Andrew Kupiec
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24 views8 pages

IQOS Function

This document introduces IQOS, a network traffic management system. It discusses IQOS pipes which filter and control traffic in layers using profiles, root pipes, and sub pipes. It also covers IQOS traffic control modes including shaping, policing, monitoring, and DSCP/TOS marking. Finally, it differentiates bandwidth control techniques such as reserved bandwidth, bandwidth guarantee, average bandwidth, and bandwidth borrowing.

Uploaded by

Andrew Kupiec
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IQOS function

Hillstone Networks Inc.

1
Submitter Auditor Version Date
Ray Ray V1 2022/06

Content
1. Preface.................................................................................................................................... 3
2. IQOS pipe ............................................................................................................................... 3
3. Traffic control mode .............................................................................................................. 5
4. Bandwidth control ................................................................................................................. 8

2
1. Preface
This document introduces the iqos function,

2. IQOS pipe

2.1 Profile
The traffic enters the corresponding root pipe base on the condition, the traffic enters the
sub pipe of root pipe again base on condition of sub root. Which can achieve the traffic
filter and control layer by layer.

2.2 Root pipe


Root pipe is first pipe of IQOS, which can meet some simple request, for example:
⚫ The specified users can use 50MB bandwidth at most
⚫ The specified application can use 10MB bandwidth at most
The root pipe can achieve it when there is only one condition.

2.3 Sub pipe


Why do we need sub pipes? For example:
Speed of All users in the company can not exceed 100MB, the youtube speed of the users
who accesses network by WiFi can’t exceed 10MB.
The below issues will happen if we only use root pipe:
1) The users and YouTube are included in one condition
It would cause the users who don’t watch YouTube will escape from IQOS.

3
2) Create two conditions in the root pipe, first condition is for youtube, second condition
is for users. We can not configure the bandwidth, the bandwidth is 10MB or 100MB?
The YouTube and user and use 10MB bandwidth at most if the bandwidth is 100MB
The YouTube and user and use 100MB bandwidth if the bandwidth is 100MB.so we
can fulfill YouTube uses 10MB bandwidth and users can uses 100MB.

If we create sub pipe under root pipe, the users only match condition of root pipe, the
YouTube traffic of these users matchs condition of sub pipe. The sub pipe prefers to
the scenario which limits the whole users then limit the specified application.

2.4 Root pipe and sub pipe have below limitation:


1， Each root pipe can have 3 levels sub pipe at most
2， The sum of minimum bandwidth of sub pipe can’t exceed the minimum bandwidth
of upper pipe. And the maximum bandwidth can’t exceed the make bandwidth of
upper pipe.
3， All sub pipes under root pipe must inherit the traffic direction which is configured
in the root pipe.
4， The root pipe that is only configured the backward traffic management actions
can’t work
5， Root pipe doesn’t support reserved bandwidth.

2.5 Default pipe


Default pipe If the traffic does not match any condition, they will flow into the
default pipe predefined by the system.
1. sub pipe can’t be nested to default pipe
2. default pipe can’t be deleted
3. default pipe doesn’t have priority, the priority is 7
4. default pipe doesn’t have action, only monitor
5. there is not condition and schedule
6. there is not forward and backward traffic
7. we can’t change the sequence of default pipe

4
3. Traffic control mode

3.1 Control mode action


3.1.1 Shaping mode
Shape mode is shaping the traffic. Traffic shaping retains excessed packets
in a queue then schedules the excessed traffic by increasing the latency

3.1.2 Policing mode


After configuring this mode, the system will drop the traffic that exceeds the
bandwidth limit. This mode does not support the bandwidth borrowing and priority
schedule, and cannot guarantee the minimum bandwidth.

Policing effect chart

5
3.1.3 Monitor mode,
only monitor, not make any action

3.1.4 TOS(DSCP)
1.Both TOS and DSCP used the 8-15 bits filling data of IPV4 header, just the filling type
is different.
2. These 8 bits is the location of TOS/DSCP filling data.
3. DSCP uses 0-5 bits, the last 3 bits is for spare.
4.IP precedence of TOS uses 0-2bit; TOS uses 3-6bits, last bit is for spare.
We can match the DSCP packets by TOS, the 4 bites of TOS represent: minimum
latency, maximum throughput, maximum reliability, minimum cost.

TOS/DSCP’s location in the IP hearder

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

PRECEDENCE DELAY(D) THROUGHPUT(T) RELIABILITY(R) COST(C) CONGESTION

Binary DEC Meaning


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1000 8 Minimum delay(md)
0100 4 maximum throughtput (mt)
0010 2 Maximum reliable (mr)
0001 1 minimum cost (mmc)
0000 0 normal service
Note: IQOS can modify the above 8 bits, so we support to marking TOS or DSCP lable

6
The configuration in the Hillstone

3.2 level 2 qos


Why is the level-2 qos necessary? For example:
We would like to limit the Facebook traffic of all users. There are below problems:
1. All of the three sub pipes are used, no more sub pipe can be used for Facebook.
2. There are many departments. We have to configure Facebook in each sub pipe.
It is easy to miss the configuration.
Level 2 qos gathers all traffic of level 1 and flow in the level 2 qos, level 2 qos is
independent qos.

7
4. Bandwidth control

4.1 Reserved bandwidth and bandwidth guarantee.


Reserved bandwidth and band guarantee are different.
1) Reserved bandwidth is for specified users or application. The other users or applications can’t use
it. For example: the total bandwidth is 100MB, reserved bandwidth is 10MB, 90MB bandwidth is for other
users.
2) Bandwidth guarantee is guaranteeing the minimum bandwidth. The minimum bandwidth is
available when maximum bandwidth can’t be reached. (Minimum bandwidth of all sub pipes can’t exceed
the minimum bandwidth of root pipe), In case the total bandwidth is 100M, 10M is as minimum bandwidth,
the 10M can be used by another users when it is free, The user can preempt its 10M bandwidth when
user needs its minimum bandwidth.
5, average bandwidth and bandwidth borrow

4.2 Average bandwidth and bandwidth borrowing


⚫ Average bandwidth is calculated dynamicly base on the amount of IP/user.
⚫ Bandwidth borrowing is calculated base on priority. The higher number which is
calculated by 8 minus the priority, the priority is higher. (so the higher number of priority,
the lower priority)
As the below chat: the IT department and Finance department already used 20M bandwidth
independently, 20M bandwidth is left in the root pipe. If they would like to get more bandwidth, IT
department can get 20*(（8-5）/4)M=15M bandwidth , and Finance department can get 20*(（8-7）/4)M=5M
bandwidth.

Min bandwidth 60M


Max bandwidth 60M

Root pipe

Min bandwidth: 20M Min bandwidth: 20M


Max bandwidth: 60M Sub pipe1 Sub pipe2 Max bandwidth: 60M
Priority: 7 SIT Finance Priority: 7
departme
nt
depipe it
departme
nt
8

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