WORLD WAR

I July 28,
1914-Nov. 11,
1918
Also known as;
• WWI
• The Great War
• The War to End
All Wars
Prepared by: Ms. Remie S. Salapong
Introduction: World War I
World War, I also known as the First World War, was a global war centered
in Europe that began on 28th July 1914 and lasted until 11th November
1918. The war lasted exactly 4 years, 3 months and 14 days. Before World
War II began in 1939, World War I was called the Great War, the World
War or the War to End all Wars. 135 countries took part in World War I,
and more than 15 million people died.

World War 1 was a military conflict which involved nearly all the biggest
powers of the world. It involved two opposing alliances – the Allies and
the Central Powers. The countries of the Allies included Russia, France,
British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Romania, Serbia, Belgium,
Greece, Portugal and Montenegro. The countries of the Central Powers
included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria.
In 1882 Germany,
Austria-Hungary and Italy
formed the Triple
Alliance.
The objective of
the alliance was to
encourage co-operation
against the perceived
threat of Germany. Three
years later, Russia, who
feared the growth in
the German Army, joined
Britain and France to
form the Triple Entente.
 What are the factors that
contributed to the war?
1. Nationalism - identification with one's own nation and support for its interests
- is an ideology and movement that promotes the interests of a
particular nation (as in a group of people) especially with the aim of
gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance)
over its homeland. It also encourages pride in national
achievements and is closely linked to patriotism.
2. Imperialism - a policy of extending a country's power and influence through
colonization, use of military force, or other means.
3. Militarism - the belief that a country should maintain a strong military capability and
be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
4. Alliance-building - is the process of selecting the most effective members for the team
and bringing these members together.
- a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between
countries or organizations.
Similar: association, union, league, treaty, pact, compact, entente
 Activity: Fill in the blank
1. _________ is the belief that a country should maintain
a strong military capability and be prepared to use it
aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
2. __________ is identification with one's own nation and
support for its interests
3. The process of selecting the most effective members for
the team and bringing these members together is called
___________.
4. ___________ is a policy of extending a country's
power and influence through colonization, use of
military force, or other means.
Create a Concept Map
showing the
important events of
WWI
 How did nationalism and imperialism
become factors that sparked First
World War?
• The competition and conflicts among the
Western countries intensified.
• There were European nations, particularly
Germany, which wanted to surpass the
progress and power of the leading countries
before the 20th century, particularly Great
Britain.
• The nationalist sentiment among the
European nations deepened as they
aimed to improve their economic,
political, and military status.
• In the belief that military might was a
measure of power, countries stocked
up on military weapons and reinforced
their army in preparation for the
possibility of a war. (MILITARISM)
 The Formation of Alliances

• Due to the nationalistic and imperialistic aims

of the European countries, alliances were
formed.
• There were two alliances during this period:
the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente
(äntänt´).
• In 1882, Germany founded the
Triple Alliance with Austria-
Hungary and Italy.
• In 1887, Russia became a member.
Germany, under the leadership of
Otto von Bismarck, aimed to
become stronger and to isolate its
rival France to avoid any conflict
between them.
The German
statesman Otto Eduard
Leopold von
Bismarck (1815-1898)
was largely responsible
for the creation of the
German Empire in
1871. A leading
diplomat of the late
19th century, he
was known as the Iron
Chancellor.
• When Wilhelm II became
the kaiser (emperor), he
let the agreement with
Russia come to an end and
began to reinforce the
German army to achieve its
ambition of becoming more
powerful than Great Britain.
• Great Britain was
threatened by the actions of
Germany. Thus, in 1904, it
formed the Triple Entente
with France and Russia.
Later, the Triple
Alliance became
the Central
Powers, while
the Triple
Entente became
the Allied
Forces/Powers.
Austrian-Hungarian Empire
 The Outbreak of World War I
• On June 28, 1914, Archduke
Franz Ferdinand, heir to the
throne of Austria-Hungary
(Satellite of the German Empire),
and his wife Sophie were killed in
Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-
Herzegovina.
• The assassin was Gavrilo Princip,
a Serbian and a member of the
Black Hand (a secret military
society), a group whose objective
was to free Bosnia-Herzegovina
from Austria-Hungary.
• This event triggered First
World War.
 The Declaration of War
With the urging Austria gave RESULT
of Germany, an ultimatum
Austria- to Serbia but Austria
declared war
Hungary held the later
on Serbia
Serbia failed to meet
responsible. it.

Germany
Before France considered the
action as a Russia, and ally
could take any declaration of of Serbia, sent
action, war. troops to
Germany RESULT Austria-Hungary
declared war on Germany and Germany.
it. declared war on
Russia
• With the German
declaration of war on
France and Russia,
the event that
Bismarck had tried to
avoid happened: a
war in its eastern and
western borders.
• Germany had to wage
war against France in
the West and Russia
in the east.
 Schlieffen Plan
• Germany attacked using
the plan prepared by
General Alfred Graf von
Schlieffen.
• Under this plan. The
German troops would
first attack France in the
west.
• After defeating France,
they would immediately
assault Russia.
 The Battle at the Western Front
• In the attack on
France, Germany
planned to pass
through Belgium in
the north.
• When Germany was
denied passage, it
attacked Belgium.
• This attack on its ally
angered Great Britain.
• At this point, Great
Britain joined the war.
 September 5, 1914 Early part of 1915
September 13, 1914
The Battle of Marne Trench Warfare
Allied Forces make the
Allied Forces out German troops The two sides did
maneuvered the withdraw 97 km. trenches as a form of
German troops in the defense. It was from
This signals the failure
Marne River Valley, these trenches that the
of Schlieffen Plan.
near Paris, France. soldiers attacked.

July 1916 February 1916

The Battle of Somme The Battle of Verdun
British and French fight The combined forces of
against German troops in Britain and France fight
the Somme River Valley. against the Germans near
The Allied Forces make Verdun. The Allied
the Germans fall back Forces fall back about
around eight km. seven km.
Trench Warfare
 The Battle in the Eastern Front
• In the boundaries of Germany and Russia,
fighting between Allies and Central Powers
continued.
• In August 1914, German troops managed to
make the Russians retreat in the Battle of
Tannenberg.
• The Russians won twice against the Austrians
in September 1914 before being defeated by
the same in December 1914.
 Result of German-
Russia War
• In 1916, Russian
forces weakened.
• Its war and food
supplies diminished.
• Since the Central
Powers controlled
the Mediterranean
Sea, the Allied
Forces could not
give aid to Russia.
 June 28, 1914 – The assassination of
Franz Ferdinand
The Beginning of First
July 28, 1914 – The Austria-Hungary
Declaration of War against Serbia
World War

August 1, 1914 – The German

Declaration of War against Russia

August 3, 1914 – The German

Declaration of War against France

August 4, 1914 – The British Declaration

of War against Germany
 VIDEO
World War I
 Activity: Fill in the blank.
1. Due to the nationalistic and imperialistic aims of
the European countries, ________ were formed.
2. There were two alliances during World War I: the
Triple Alliance and the ________.
3. In 1882, ______ founded the Triple Alliance with
Austria-Hungary and Italy.
4. In 1887, Russia became a member. Germany, under
the leadership of Otto von Bismarck, aimed to
become stronger and to isolate its rival _________ to
avoid any conflict between them.
5. When _______became the kaiser (emperor), he
let the agreement with Russia come to an end and
began to reinforce the German army to achieve its
ambition of becoming more powerful than Great
Britain.
6. Later, the Triple Alliance became the ________,
while the Triple Entente became the Allied
Forces/Powers.
7. On June 28, 1914, Archduke ________, heir to the
throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife Sophie were
killed in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
8. The assassin was Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian and
a member of the _________, a group whose
objective was to free Bosnia-Herzegovina from
Austria-Hungary.
9. Germany attacked using the plan prepared by
General Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, which is
known as ___________.
 The Spread of War
• War even reached the Asia-
Pacific.
• The battle between the Allied
Forces and Central Powers
finally turned into a world war.
• The Allied Forces mainly
stormed Japan and the colonies
of Germany in Africa and Asia.
• The French and British colonies
in Asia were also dragged into
the war.
 US Joined the War
• The United States,
initially neutral in
spite of being an
ally of the Allied
Forces, participated
in the war on April
6, 1917, upon
orders of President
Woodrow Wilson.
 US Reasons for Joining the War
• The implementation by
Germany of unrestricted
submarine warfare, in which all
sea vessels near Great Britain
were sunk.
• The discovery of the
Zimmerman Note, which stated
that Germany would help
Mexico reclaim its territories
from the US in exchange for
joining the Central Powers.
 Zimmerman Note
• was a secret diplomatic
communication issued
from the German Foreign
Office in January 1917
that proposed a military
alliance between
Germany and Mexico. If
the United States entered
World War I against
Germany, Mexico would
recover Texas, Arizona,
and New Mexico.
 The End of the War
• In March 1918, Russia finally surrendered to
Germany. With the retreat, Germany sent its
forces to the western front.
• In France, the French troops led by Marshal
Ferdinand Foch encountered the Germans in
the Second Battle of Marne. The new group of
American soldiers supported Foch’s army.
• The Allies gradually defeated the
members of the Central Powers:
Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and
Austria-Hungary.
• In Germany, the people revolted
against the government.
• Wilhelm was forced to abdicate on
November 9, 1918. Two days after, the
Allies and Germany signed a treaty
that ended First World War.
 The Effects of War
• First World War resulted in massive damage.
These included the death of 9 million soldiers and
13 million civilians.
• To bring back peace, 32 countries gathered for
the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919.
Among those who participated were the Big Four:
Great Britain, the US, Italy, and France.
• Among the important matters they agreed on
were the establishment of the League of Nations,
the enforcement of the mandate system, and the
signing of the Treaty of Versailles.
 League of Nations
• Established in 1920, its
objective was to serve as
a forum for international
talks and promoter of
world peace. Although
the US proposed the
founding, it did not join
the league.
 Mandate System

• Under this, German and Turk

colonies in Africa and West Asia
would be under the control of
the Allies until they were ready
for self-governance.
 Treaty of Versailles
• It was signed on June
28, 1919 by Germany
and the Allies.
• In this treaty,
Germany was made to
take responsibility for
starting the war.
 Important Parts of the Agreement
• The payment of war reparations to the Allies
• The division of German territories
• The concession of German colonies as
“mandates” of Allies
• The limitation on the number of German
troops and the prohibition of arms
manufacture.
 VIDEO
World War I
Extending to the south
from central Europe into
the Mediterranean Sea, the
Balkan Peninsula
includes the countries
of Albania, Bosnia &
Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Greece,
Macedonia, Montenegro,
Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
, and the
geographical/political
region of EuropeanTurkey.
Ottoman Empire - The Ottoman
Empire had strong economic ties
to Germany and signed a military
alliance with Germany in 1914.