Arshiya Firdose 2022 IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 982 012076

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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ISTCE 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 982 (2022) 012076 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/982/1/012076
Study on Dynamic Behaviour of Irregular R.C Framed

Structures with Different Location of Shear Walls
H M Arshiya Firdose 1*, A Shashi Kumar 2, Dr. G Narayana3, Dr. B K Narendra4
1
M. Tech in Structural Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, SJCIT,
Chickballapur, Karnataka, India.
*Corresponding author Email: [email protected]
2
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SJCIT, Chickballapur,
Karnataka, India
3
Professor and Head, Department of Civil Engineering, SJCIT, Chickballapur,
Karnataka, India
4
Principal, BGSIT, Adichunchanagiri University, Karnataka, India
Abstract. In the recent researches it was found to be the most appropriate loads resisting
system in recent and present years is shear walls system. In the high rise building shear walls
are of the most achievable and hence commonly used lateral load resisting components. It is
supplied in building from foundation level to through the height of the building. The scope of
the present work is to find the optimum location of the shear walls in plan irregular structures
with shear walls such as in I frame, L frame, T frame for different zones in G+17 stories each
storey height of 3.2 m, Shear walls are given at corners and at periphery of the building. And
also, the outcome of results in seismic zones as per IS CODE 1893(Part1): 2016 has been
presented. The seismic analysis performed is linear dynamic response spectrum analysis
utilizing the well-known analysis and design software ETABS 18.1.0. Seismic performance of
the building has been examined based on specification such as storey displacement, Storey
drift, Storey Shear, Base shear, Time period of modes.
Key Words: Shear walls, Irregular plan, Response spectrum, Seismic zones, ETABS.
1. Introduction
1.1. General
India is developing country around the globe; the cities are also growing but due to movements
towards city it arises in population addition in most of the cities. In the development it is mandatory to
build multi-storied structures, because scarcity of space and by this sort of development work advance
will be rapid. By increasing the height of building it becomes capable to resist lateral loads such
earthquake and wind loads. Hence, we have to consider the structure protection rather than economy.
Multi-storied structures were known for withstanding against the vertical and also lateral loads when
analysis and designed with earthquake resisting parameters. By the establishment of shear walls the
building become durable, Stable, safe and it increase rigidity for the lateral loads that may be generate
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
the effect of wind and earthquakes. Shear walls usually begins from the foundation level and
continuous throughout the building height. They are basically provided along both length and width of
the building and are located at the corners, periphery, and in the form core at lifts. Shear walls can
easily execute on the site and which also cost-effective functional technique to minimizing the
earthquake injury. Shear walls in multi-storied building it depends on location and thickness of shear
walls and type of building constructed and the seismic zones of the building which has been discussed
in detailed below.
1.2. Shear walls
The walls in a building, which resist lateral loads origins from the wind or earthquake in plane of the
wall along the shear and bending is termed as the shear walls as shown in the Figure 1. Shear walls
obtain normally in High rise building, where effect of the wind and seismic forces is mostly. Shear
walls are provided because they are in easy in construction, It helps in minimizing the earthquake
damage, Large in-plane stiffness, orientation in the direction of strength, Automatically reduces the
lateral sway, Installing of shear walls is very easy.
Figure 1. Shear walls
1.3 Plan irregularities
Building is termed as irregular if the its any one of the conditions is applicable such as
• Torsion irregularities
• Re-entrant corner
• Floor slabs having excessive cut-outs
• Out of the plane offset in vertical elements
• Non parallel forces system
1.3.1. Re-entrant corner
In this project 3 types are considered such as I, L, T these shapes are coming under re-
entrant corner type plan irregularity. The Figure 2 shows the L frame of a re-entrant corner.
Plan configuration of the structure and lateral load resisting system contain re-entrant
corners, while both the projections of the structures beyond the re-entrant corners are more
than 15% of its project dimension in the given direction.
2
Figure 2. L Frame
2. Objectives
2.1. Objectives of the study
Objectives of the present work is to determine the performance of G+17 Storey building utilizing
different irregular plan with shear walls and without shear walls is analyzed in ETABS software using
the linear dynamic analysis method.
• Determine the storey displacement, Storey drift, Storey shear, Storey stiffness, Base shear,
time period of modes for the models.
• Compare the seismic response of different irregular plan with shear walls and without
subjected to lateral load in different zones.
• To identify the suitable irregular plan building with shear walls to resist the seismic loads.
• Finally identify the optimum location of shear walls.
3. Literature review
Tarun Magendra, Abhyuday Titisk, A.A Qureshi (May-Jun 2016) [1]
‘‘Optimum Positioning of shear walls in Multi-storey Buildings’’ In this paper, A study has been
carried out to find the optimum construction framing of a tall building by locating the shear walls in
radically. Four different models were created, for G+10 storey structure along with zero eccentricity
through the mass center and hardness center. In this they have analyzed using the ETABS software.
The seismic loading on the building is as per I S codes. They concluded that Shear walls located at
periphery has the greater values of storey shear as compared to other models. Overturing moments are
less in normal structures. Finally, they as concluded that building with Box-type Shear wall at the
Centre of the geometry is the best framing technique for tall buildings.
Kusuma B (2017) [2]
‘‘Seismic Analysis of a High -rise RC Framed structure with irregularities” In this paper for G+49
stories of RC Framed building having height of each floor 3m, along with irregular floor plan in zone
Ⅳ for soil type Ⅲ and the type of analysis is equivalent Static lateral loads. She has analyzed in
ETABS (Ⅴ 13.1) software in the response spectrum method for each irregular and regular building.
After analysis of the building a study has done for the response parameters like, Storey displacement,
Storey drift, etc. The author has concluded that storey drift is higher in irregular structure when
considered to regular building, then story displacement is founded higher in the re-entrant corner
building considered to the other irregular building and stiffness in irregular building and re-entrant
building decreased when considered with vertical irregular.
3
Prem Shankar Singh, Jay Kumar Sah, Chinmay Kumar Kundu (2018) [3]
‘‘The Optimum location of the shear wall in irregular plan multi-storey RC frame Structure under
lateral load” In this paper for G+19 stories having the height of each storey 3m and shear wall
thickness of 300mm for zone Ⅴ, along with medium type of soil using response spectrum method
analysis is done. Analysis is done according to earthquake IS:1893(Part-1), wind loads by the I S:875
(Part-Ⅲ):1987. They have concluded that the seismic nature of RC frame structure can be increased by
lay outing the shear walls which directly decreases storey displacement and storey drift. Increase the
strength and stiffness of the building. Irregular plan along the shear walls it gives lesser drift and lesser
displacement as considered to irregular plan without shear wall. And finally concluded that the shear
wall at the Centre core and corner is the best position.
Jawid Ahmed Tajzadah, Proff A. N Desai, Proff .Vimlesh V. Agrawal (April 2019) [4]
‘‘Optimum Location of shear wall in RC Building” In this paper G+9 stories having the height of 3.5m
for the ground level and 3m for the other storey. Building is of square type in Zone Ⅴ and the shear
wall thickness is of 250mm. Analysis is done by utilizing the response spectrum method in ETABS
software. Shear wall given at the periphery, inner bays, corners, at the core of building. Finally, they
have concluded that the shear wall at building of core has the grater base shear when considered with
the other models. Lateral displacement, Storey drift it obeys the permissible limits according to I S
codes. The torsional resistance of the buildings provided along with shear walls it acts as the most
possible part from Centre of mass of the building. Then they concluded that the inner bays of the
buildings are best positioning place.
Sandesh M O, Chetan Gonni S (April 2020) [5]
‘‘A Comparative Study on Behavior of shear walls with and without openings in RC Framed Structure
by Dynamic Analysis” In this paper G+13 Stories structure having height of 3m and shear wall
thickness of the 300mm. Analysis is done by utilizing the Response spectrum analysis in Zone Ⅱ by
utilizing the ETABS software. Finally, they have concluded that the base shear value for shear walls at
the middle is more when considered with the other models, base shear values for equally in the
equivalent static analysis and response spectrum analysis. Storey displacement is maximal for regular
building in the both the directions and the displacement increases for the successive stories from base
to the top storey.
4. Methodology
In this project study has been carried out in two different zones by utilizing different Models having
plan irregularities (Re-entrant corners) as per I S Codes.
• Modelling of Multi-storied commercial building is done by utilizing FEM software ETABS.
• Eighteen different models are used owing the different Re-entrant corners.
• I Frame in Zone 5 and Zone 3 for the bare frame, Shear walls at corners and the Shear walls at
periphery.
• L Frame in Zone 5 and Zone 3 for the bare frame, Shear walls at corners and the Shear walls
at periphery.
• T Frame in Zone 5 and Zone 3 for the bare frame, Shear walls at corners and the Shear walls
at periphery.
After Modelling the irregular frames, these frames are analyzed by using two different linear dynamic
analysis Method, they are mentioned below.
4
a) Response Spectrum Analysis

The nature of all the eighteen models is then studied in different zones by changing the seismic zones
factor as per IS 1893:2016. Comparison, Interpretation, Validation of the results obtained from
different types of analysis and for different zones.
4.1. Model Description
The building composition details considered in this study are listed in Table.1. For the same building
composition the ETABS Model details are listed in Table.2. Further the earthquake load details are
given in Table.3 respectively.
Table 1. Building Composition details
Type of Building Commercial
Number of stories G+17(18)
Floor to Floor Height 3.2m
Height of Building 57.6m
Grade of Concrete M25
Grade of Steel Fe500
Thickness of Shear walls 250mm
Beam Size 300mm*500mm
Base to 9th Storey Column Size 850*850mm
9th to 18th Storey Column Size 450*600mm
Slab Thickness 150mm

Live load 3 KN/m2
Floor Finish 1 KN/m2
Table 2. ETABS Model details

Type of Irregularities Re-entrant Corner
Plan Irregular Plan
R.C.C frames I, L, T
Number of Bays in X-Direction 11
Number of Bays in Y- Direction 11
Spacing of bays 5m
Shear wall type R.C Shear walls
Method of assigning Shear walls Uniform reinforcing
Table 3. Earthquake Load Details
Importance Factor 1.2
Response Reduction Factor 5
Seismic Zone factor Zone 2: 0.10
Zone 3: 0.16
Zone 4: 0.24
Zone 5: 0.36
Type of Soil Medium
Time Period Program Calculated
5
5. Results
5.1. Introduction
The project is conducted out in the Finite Element Method software ETABS. In this project
performance the analysis is done by utilizing the Equivalent Static Method and Response Spectrum
Analysis. On the whole Eighteen Models are prepared by utilizing the various specification like Base
Shear, Storey displacement, Storey drift, Storey shear, Storey Stiffness. All the models continued to
analyzed for the distinct seismic zones by considering the distinct zone factor. The three irregularity
model results are compared with the Zone 3 and Zone 5. The frame models for L-Frame, I-frame, and
T-Frame are depicted in Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5 respectively.
Figure 3. L Frame Models
Figure 4. I Frame Models
6
Figure 5. T Frame Models

5.2. Discussions
SC- Shear walls at Corners
SP- Shear walls at Periphery
BF- Bare Frame
Base Shear
BASE SHEAR
SC SP BF
12000
10000
Base Shear,KN
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Zone 5 Zone 3 Zone 5 Zone 3 Zone 5 Zone 3
I frame L Frame T Frame
SC 10760.4 4782.42 11022.54 4898.905 10468.1 4676.1759
SP 10362.3872 4605.5054 10535.0819 4682.262 9953.572 4423.835
BF 8062.3346 3585.5752 7763.3688 3450.3861 7776.618 3455.795
Figure 6. Base Shear of Irregular Buildings

Base Shear
Base shear will also be increasing gradually. Base Shear on the irregularities, Structurally the Base
Shear depended on the Mass and Stiffness the buildings. A Comparability of base Shear for the
Response Spectrum Analysis among all the Models. From the above Chart of the irregular buildings,
7
from the Figure 6, X-axis specify distinct seismic Zones and Y-axis specify Base Shear for
Irregularities.
As well for Zone 3 also the Shear walls at periphery and at corners increased.
Finally, from all the above results of Chart it is observed as the Zone factor increases then the Base
Shear too will increase. Base Shear for I, L, T frame Shear walls buildings appropriately shows
increments by the above percentages as shown in the frames particularly when considered along the
Base Shear of I, L, T Frames of bare frame buildings.
• Base shear will be increasing as the Zone factors increases. For the irregular building R.C
frame in Zone-3 is 3450.386 KN and in the Zone-5 is 7763.3688 KN which means that base
shear shows increments by 35.70%.
• Bare frame has the lowest base shear when considered with R.C Frame with shear walls.
• L frame has the Highest base shear when compared with the I and T frame, then Zone 3 also it
has highest in the L frame.
• Shear walls with corners has the highest base shear in all the R.C frames.
Storey Displacement
The Lateral load withstanding structure can limit the extra displacement of building. Storey
displacement will also be increasing gradually based on the height of the structure, Storey
Displacement in Irregularities, A comparability of Storey displacement for the response spectrum
analysis among all the models. From the above chart of irregular buildings, from Figure 7, X-axis
specify distinct seismic zones and Y-axis specify storey displacement for irregularities.
Storey Displacement
120
Storey Displacement,mm
100
80
60
40
20
0
I Frame I Frame L Frame L Frame T Frame T Frame
SC 91.193 40.74 85.897 38.315 90.493 40.27
SP 94.371 42.157 86.34 38.602 91.722 40.833
BF 106.206 45.917 107.716 47.958 104.477 46.52
Zones of Irregular Buildings
SC SP BF
Figure 7. Storey Displacement of Irregular Buildings

For Zone 5 and Zone 3, also the Shear walls at periphery and at corners decreased and Bare frame is
showing increased values. As the stories increased the Displacement also increased along the both the
directions. As referred the I S Code bare frame irregular building obey the permissible limits (H/500).
Finally, from all the above results of Chart it is observed as the Zone factor increases then the Story
displacement will be increased. Storey displacements for I, L, T frame Shear walls buildings
8
appropriately shows decrements by the above percentages as shown in the frames particularly when
considered along the Storey displacement of I, L, T Frames of the bare frame buildings.
• The storey displacement increases with the zone factors from the analysis it has been found
Zone 3 to Zone 5 values will show increments.
• The maximum storey displacement appears in the last storey and minimum storey
displacement at the starting storey.
• As observed the height of the irregular plan R.C frame buildings increasing, storey
displacement will also increase L frame storey displacement shows the reduction in storey
displacement as observed it has the least storey displacement.
• I frame has been observed as the higher storey displacement considered with the other R.C
frames.
• Shear walls at corners is the optimum location and positioning of shear walls.
L frame is considered as the best R.C. frame with the shear walls at Corners. Because it shows shear
walls buildings has decreased by the 19.84%,20.26% individually when considered along the bare
frame irregular frame.
Storey drift
Proportion of displacement in Height of the floor to two successive floors. Storey drift is evaluated
depending on the storey drift separated from the storey height. Storey drift will show increments
structurally depending on the height of the structure. And then Zone factor also plays a prime role, as
the Zone factor increases the Storey drift will also increases. A Comparability of storey drift for
response Spectrum analysis among all the Models. From the above Chart of the irregular buildings,
from Figure 8, X-axis specify distinct seismic Zones and Y-axis specify Storey drift Irregularities.
Storey Drift
0.003
0.0025
Storey Drift
0.002
0.0015
0.001
0.0005
0
Zone 5 ZONE 3 Zone 5 ZONE 3 Zone 5 ZONE 3
I Frame L Frame T Frame
SC 0.00202 0.0009 0.0019 0.00085 0.002 0.00089
SP 0.00213 0.00095 0.00193 0.00086 0.00207 0.00092
BF 0.00271 0.00116 0.00276 0.00123 0.0027 0.0012
SC SP BF
Figure 8. Storey Drift of Irregular Buildings

As the stories increase the storey drift also shows increments along the both the directions. As referred
the I S Code bare frame irregular building obey the permissible limits 0.0004 times storey height.
Storey drift will be increasing structurally depending on the height of the structure. But for I, L, T
frame the irregular plans at the 9th Storey it will be decreased and at the 10th storey it is increased then
again, the curve decreased as Shown in Storey drift of I, L, T frame of Zone 5 and Zone 3. Finally,
9
from all the above results of chart it is observed as the Zone factor increases then the storey drift will
show increments and the decrements at its specific stories. Storey Drift for I, L, T frame Shear walls
buildings appropriately shows decrements by the above percentages as shown in the frames
particularly along the storey drift of I, L, T Frames of the bare frame.
• The storey drift increases with the zone factors from the analysis it has been found Zone 3 to
Zone 5 values will show increments.
• Storey drift will be increasing structurally depending on the height of the structure. But for I,
L, T frame the irregular plans at the 9th Storey it will be decreased and at the 10th storey it is
increased then again, the curve decreased as Shown in Storey drift of I, L, T frame of Zone 5
and Zone 3.
• L frame storey drift shows the reduction in storey displacement as observed it has the least
storey drift.
• Bare frame has been observed as the higher storey drift considerd with the other R.C frames.
• L frame is considered as the best R.C. frame with the shear walls at Corners. Because it shows
shear walls buildings has decrements, individually when considered along the bare frame
irregular frame.
Storey Shear
In the storey shear, we can see the lateral forces on the absolute floor in a given direction. Storey
Shear graph will layout the height wise arrangement of storey shear and the lateral loads. Storey shear
as observed from of I, L, T frames the storey shear is more in the starting storey and at the ending of
stories it is observed decrements. Storey shear in Irregularities, A comparability of storey shear for the
response spectrum analysis among all the Models. From the whole Chart of storey shear from Figure
9. X-axis specify distinct seismic Zones and Y-axis specify storey shear for the irregularities.
Storey Shear
18000
Storey Shear,KN
15000
12000
9000
6000
3000
0
SC 15787.31 7315.7945 16843.44 7486.6732 16031.032 7124.9021
SP 15176.796 7057.5502 16125.166 7167.073 15264.844 6784.3733
BF 12514.37 5135.0138 12066.244 5362.8717 12083.93 5370.636
SC SP BF
Figure 9. Storey Shear of Irregular Buildings

For Zone 5 and Zone 3, also Shear walls at periphery and at corners the Storey shear is increased when
considered with the Bare frame. As the stories increased the storey shear along the both the directions
will decreased. Finally, from the above results of the chart it is observed as the Zone factor increases
then the Storey shear will be increased. Storey shear for the I, L, T frame Shear walls buildings
appropriately shows increments by the above percentages as shown in the frames particularly when
considered along the storey shear of I, L, T frames of the bare frame buildings.
• I frame storey shear is the lowest of all when considered with the other R.C frames.
10
• Bare frame has the lowest storey shear when considered along with the other R.C frames.
• L frame has observed the highest storey shear in the shear walls at corners.
• In the staring of stories, it has the high storey shear and at the ending of stories it has the low
storey shear.
• As the height of stories increases the storey shear will show decrements. As the Zone factor
increases the Storey shear will also be increases respectively.
Time Period
A comparability of time period for the response spectrum analysis among all the Models. From the on
the Chart of time period from Figure 10, X-axis specify distinct irregular building frames and Y-axis
specify time period for the irregularities.
• Natural time period is inversely proportional to the square root of stiffness.
• In the starting Modes it has more time period and then the last modes it has the less time
periods.
• In this time period we can see that I frame has the highest time period in the bare frame then
for the T frame the time period has the lowest time period in Shear walls at Corners. Because
shear wall provided large stiffness to the building so the value of natural time period is
decreases.
Time Period
2.5
Time period(Sec)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Mode 1 Mode 12 Mode 1 Mode 12 Mode 1 Mode 12
SC SP BF
Figure 10. Time Period of Irregular Buildings

6. Conclusions
In the project, Response spectrum analysis was accomplished by taking the G+17 storey buildings
utilizing different irregular plan with shear walls and without shear walls (Bare frame) is analysed in
the ETABS software utilizing the linear dynamic analysis method.
Base Shear
•
Bare frame has the lowest base shear when considered with R.C Frame with shear walls.
•
L frame has the highest base shear when considered with the other R.C frame irregular
buildings.
• T frame has the Lowest base shear when considered with the other R.C frame irregular
buildings.
Storey displacement
• T frame storey displacement shows the reduction in storey displacement as observed it has the
least storey displacement, so L frame is considered as the best storey displacement.
11
• The storey displacement increases with the zone factors from the analysis it has been found
Zone 3 to Zone 5 values will show increments.
• As observed the height of the irregular plan R.C frame buildings increasing, storey
displacement will also increase spontaneously.
Storey Drift
• The storey drift increases with the zone factors from the analysis it has been found Zone 3 to
Zone 5 values will show increments in its respective directions.
• Bare frame has the highest storey drift in all the R.C frames.
• Storey drift shows less reduction in the Shear walls at corners so it is recognized as the best
storey drift.
Storey Shear
• In the staring of stories, it has the high storey shear and at the ending of stories it has the low
storey shear.
• I frame storey shear is the lowest of all when considered with the other R.C frames.
• Bare frame has the lowest storey shear when considered along with the other R.C frames.
• L frame has observed the highest storey shear in the shear walls at corners so it is recognized
as the best Storey shear frame among all the R.C frames.
Time Period
• I bare frame has the highest time period in the R.C framed structures.
• In the Starting modes it has more time period and then the last modes it has the less time
periods.
From this project building with the shear walls has proven to be the best choice methods for the R.C
frame irregular plans. Shear walls at corners is found as the best optimum location and positioning of
shear walls.
7. References
[1] Tarun Magendra, Abhyudav Titiksh, A.A.Qureshi, ‘‘Optimum Positioning of Shear walls in Multi-
storey-Buildings, International Journal of Trend in Research and Development”, Volume 3(3), ISSN:
2394-9333, Page number :666-671, May -Jun 2016.
[2] Kusuma B, ‘‘Seismic Analysis of a High-rise RC Framed Structures with Irregularities’’
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume 4, Issue 7, e-
ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN: 2395-0072, Impact Factor value: 5.181, Page number :1405-1411, July-
2017.
[3] Prem Shankar Singh, Jay Kumar Sah, Chinmay Kumar Kundu, ‘‘The Optimum location of the
shear walls in irregular plan multi-storey RC frame structure under lateral loads’’, International
Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology (IJARIIT), Volume 4, Issue 2,
ISSN: 2454-132X, Impact factor: 4.295, Page number: 2400-2406, 2018.
[4] Jawid Ahmad Tajzadah,Proff. A.N.Desai, Proff. Vimlesh V.Agrawal ‘‘Optimum Location of Shear
Wall in RC Building ’’, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) ,Volume
6, Issue 4 ,(ISSN-2349-5162) ,Page number : 131-139, April 2019.
[5] Sandesh M O, Chetan Gonni S, ‘‘A Comparative Study on Behaviour of Shear Wall with and
Without Openings in RC Framed Structure by Dynamic Analysis’’, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume 7, Issue 8, e-ISSN: 2395-0056, p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Page number: 1891-1896, August 2020.
12

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- Response analysis of a multi-story building

This content was downloaded from IP address 114.130.184.99 on 14/02/2023 at 03:35

Study on Dynamic Behaviour of Irregular R.C Framed

H M Arshiya Firdose 1*, A Shashi Kumar 2, Dr. G Narayana3, Dr. B K Narendra4

1.2. Shear walls

Figure 1. Shear walls

1.3 Plan irregularities

1.3.1. Re-entrant corner

Kusuma B (2017) [2]

Sandesh M O, Chetan Gonni S (April 2020) [5]

a) Response Spectrum Analysis

Slab Thickness 150mm

Table 2. ETABS Model details

Figure 3. L Frame Models

Figure 4. I Frame Models

Figure 5. T Frame Models

Figure 6. Base Shear of Irregular Buildings

Figure 7. Storey Displacement of Irregular Buildings

Figure 8. Storey Drift of Irregular Buildings

Figure 9. Storey Shear of Irregular Buildings

Figure 10. Time Period of Irregular Buildings

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