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EELU OOP Week2 Classes

This document discusses key concepts in Java programming including: - Packages are used to group related classes and avoid name conflicts. The Java API library contains prewritten classes organized into packages. - Constructors initialize objects and are called when objects are created. They can set initial attribute values. - Access and non-access modifiers control accessibility and functionality of classes, attributes, and methods. Access modifiers include public, private, protected, and default. Non-access modifiers include final, abstract, and static.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
39 views19 pages

EELU OOP Week2 Classes

This document discusses key concepts in Java programming including: - Packages are used to group related classes and avoid name conflicts. The Java API library contains prewritten classes organized into packages. - Constructors initialize objects and are called when objects are created. They can set initial attribute values. - Access and non-access modifiers control accessibility and functionality of classes, attributes, and methods. Access modifiers include public, private, protected, and default. Non-access modifiers include final, abstract, and static.

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477889997m
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By

Dr. Yasser Abdelhamid


 Javaprogram structure
 Packages
 Constructors
 Method declaration
 Access Modifiers
 Non-Access Modifiers
 A package in Java is used to group related classes.
 We use packages to avoid name conflicts, and to write
a better maintainable code.
 The Java API is a library of prewritten classes
 The library contains a large number of components
 To use a class or a whole package from the library, you
need to use the import keyword
import java.util.Scanner;
// import java.util.*; to import the whole package
class MyClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner myObj = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter username");

String userName = myObj.nextLine();


System.out.println("Username is: " + userName);
}
}
package mypack;
class MyPackageClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("This is my
package!");
}
}

javac -d . MyPackageClass.java
java mypack.MyPackageClass
 Create a class named “Employee”, that
has the attributes: name, address,
department, id , phone number, and basic
salary.
 Create the following methods:
 netSal : to calculate net salary which is 80% of
the basic salary.
 dispEmp: to display all information of the
employee on console.

 Create
the class “TestClass “ to test the
Employee class.
 A constructor in Java is a special method that is used
to initialize objects.

public class Class1{


int x;
public Class1(int y) {
x = y;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Class1 myObj = new Class1(5);
System.out.println(myObj.x);
}
}
 The constructor is called when an object of a
class is created.
 It can be used to set initial values for object
attributes

public class Class1{


int x;
public Class1(int y) {
x = y;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Class1 myObj = new Class1(5);
System.out.println(myObj.x);
}
}
 The constructor name must match the class
name, and
 It cannot have a return type.
 Constructors can take parameters, which are
used to initialize attributes.
 If you do not create a class constructor
yourself, Java creates a default constructor
that does not make any initializations.
 Modifiersare keyword used to control the
access or functionality of classes,
attributes, methods and constructors.

 They are classified into:


 Access Modifiers - controls the access level
 Non-Access Modifiers - do not control access
level, but provides other functionality
 public : The class is accessible by any
other class.
 default : The class is only accessible by
classes in the same package. This is used
when you don't specify a modifier.
public class MyPublicClass{
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(“I am accessible to any other class");
}
}
class MyDefaultClass{
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(“I am accessible only
to classes in the same package");
}
}
 public : The code is accessible for all
classes
 private : The code is only accessible
within the declared class
 default : The code is only accessible in the
same package. This is used when you
don't specify a modifier.
 protected : The code is accessible in the
same package and subclasses.
 final:
 The class cannot be inherited by other
classes
 abstract
 The class cannot be used to create objects.
 To access an abstract class, it must be
inherited from another class.
 final
 Attributes and methods cannot be
overridden/modified.
 static
 Attributes and methods belongs to the class,
rather than an object
 abstract
 Can only be used in an abstract class
 static method, can be accessed without creating an object of
the class.
 public methods, can only be accessed through creating
objects.

public class Class01 {


static void myStaticMethod() {
System.out.println("I am a static method");
}

public void myPublicMethod() {


System.out.println("I am a public method");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class01.myStaticMethod();
Class01 obj1 = new Class01();
obj1.myPublicMethod();
}
}

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