Chapter Two
Chapter Two
Chapter Two
LITERATURE REVIW
schools.
schools.
The term practical and skills goes together for effective learning of
motivational and fun: they also empower students to apply and extend
situations, which can stimulate interest and aid learning and retention.
works, then the students have to experience and spot the relevance of
Onah (1994) emphasized that teaching involves more than talking all the
time. Resources such as diagrams, field works and real objects, when
effectively used to explain the subject matter very well are better off
than oral lectures. The proper place for effective practical activities is
his lesson for effective biology practical activities stated that, of all the
five sense organs used, the sense of sight is the highest of them. Kildare
and Okoro (2007), established that students understand better when they
their results such students can not only remember the procedure
much and when taught at all, the students are almost preparing for their
(2009), observed that practical periods, which are very necessary for
successful study of biology are not enough. He highlights the need for
There are many factors that cause the problems of teaching practical
include:
Inadequate laboratory facilities, Teacher factors, Students factors and
activities.
Ani and Eze (2007) established that students understand better when
themselves during practical and obtain their results, they can not only
remember the procedures involved, but also feel proud of themselves for
established fact that they perform better place when they partake in the
activities.
The proper place for the study of science is the laboratory. Biology
use of the laboratory of science skills, under such conditions, the ability
and Ani (2018) there have been an outcry about the falling standard of
way that, it would help to develop skills and knowledge in the students.
Opuh, Ezeh and Ezema (2008) supported the above statement, in their
away from learning the subject. They also noted that lack of well trained
teaching. Even those that are experienced sometimes use poor methods
in training biology. Moreover most of them are not familiar with the
content of creativity.
c. STUDENT FACTORS
they will definitely perform poorly in it. Okeke (2019) noted that in
Nigeria for instance, less than 50% of secondary school learners receive
This makes students to seek out information from all sorts of source and
students that attend go to school late and may miss some of the
important subjects taught during the first periods, of which biology may
be one of them. Based on the above facts, some of those students that
attend school at all may dislike a particular teacher for instance the
whenever the teacher comes into the class to teach. At times they may
not even attend the teacher’s classes at all. As a result, they find it
difficult to understand and carry out practical activities, which may
d. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
secondary schools; Onah (1994) in his study about the prejudices a child
subjects which biology of one of them. Noted that, a child enters school,
problems in learning in the school; for instance, the belief that science
schools look into it, and allocate more periods of lesson to all the science
subjects of which biology is one of them, since durable time for practical
Okeke (2009) also stated that at times parents and family members
subjects, with the belief that science subjects are difficult and hard to
because it may benefit them in future and also benefit their nation at
large.
any nation cannot be over emphasized. Today USA, RUSSIA, and many
them. For this purpose, the Federal Ministries of Education under the
cultivate inquiring, knowing and democracy, all these are the importance
Therefore, the need to acquire new skills, new attitudes and new values
works on biology.
Okeke (2009) observed that the main hope for the developing countries
living in the future, lies in our will to enhance or improve the rate of
the subject.
Most students participate actually in some science subjects like biology
and they assume that other science subjects are not easy to handle, such
The new trend towards social, ethical and humanistic values of biology,
purpose and create the right attitudes of teaching the subject, so that the
students can inject their experiences into the scientific practices. Iloeje
(2002), in his report for success in practical works in biology, stated that
should encourage the need to equip the laboratory for the practical
the biology terms, and theories will be made easy to them, so that they
will have interest in the study of biology and will wish to continue with
it in future.
5.0 EFFECT OF GENDER AND STUDENTS’ EFFETCIVE
STUDY OF BIOLOGY
“gender equality” refers to the notion of boys and girl experiencing the
parallel conventional gender stereotypes, and that affects how the sexes
behave at school and in class. On average, girls are more motivated than
findings of this study, shows that the boys achieved significantly higher
than the girls in Biology. Kiteto (2000), in his study states that problem
region to region and between groups of people. Oba (2019) reported that
scraping all policies that favour one sex/gender over the other and there
6.0 SUMMARY
In view of the review, the need for the teaching and learning of biology
acquire new skills, new attitudes and new values for effective teaching
what they are being taught referencing the vitality of biology practicals.
Also, resources such as diagrams, field works and real objects, helps to
factors.