PACS 203/HIST 232

A History of Peace Movements

Spring 2023
Dr. David Blocker

Final Exam
4 August 2023 – 11 August 2023
Must be submitted to the LEARN Submission Dropbox by:
11:30 PM EST on Friday 11 August 2023
Please write in complete sentences (unless indicated otherwise) with attention to proper grammar
and spelling. Provide an introduction and conclusion for essay questions. Proofread and edit your
work carefully before submitting.

Exams are an opportunity to demonstrate the breadth and depth of your knowledge of the course
material. You will be graded on writing quality, well-organized answers, thoughtful analysis, and
wide utilization of course content. Offer specific examples to balance general statements in your
responses. You are welcome to use the first person ‘I’ as appropriate.

In terms of word count, it is okay to go a bit over the required word count, but not okay to be
significantly below the required word count.

The use of AI programs such as ChatGPT or GPT4 to write exam answers is a form of
plagiarism and academic dishonesty and will be punished accordingly.

Simple Rubric.

B- to B / 70-76% (or lower): Your answer responds to the question adequately according to the
above criteria. Your responses may be limited in depth or length or use of specific course content.
Your writing is generally good but may not have been proofread and edited to eliminate
grammatical and typographical errors.

B+ to mid-A / 77-87%: Your answer responds thoroughly to the question according to the above
criteria. You have drawn on details from the course modules, which are quoted from and cited
correctly using in-text citations and a list of references, or end/footnotes and bibliography (ie.
APA or Chicago style). Your writing is clear, well-organized, but may have some errors.

High A to A+ /88-100%: Your answer responds thoroughly, creatively, and with considerable
thought to the question according to the above criteria. You have drawn from a wide range of
material in the course modules and readings. Any direct quotations or other resources (ie. sources
outside of specific course material) are cited correctly using in-text citations and a list of
references, or end/footnotes and bibliography (ie. APA or Chicago style). Your writing is clear,
very well-organized, and almost error-free.
Part 1: Short ‘Peace Song’ Essay (20%)
The purpose of this exercise is to reinforce the importance of artistic culture in peace movement
message and action, and for you to have fun integrating your own musical taste into a course
exam.

Write a short essay answer of approximately 250 words.

The answer is worth 20% of the total exam grade.

Identify a peace song that you appreciate (but not one used in the course modules). Any genre of
music is fine. Explain why you think this song could be considered a peace song, and how you
think the song could be used as an anthem for a peace movement in the present or in the past
(one we have studied in class or not).

Provide a link to an audio or video version of the song (so that I can watch/listen).

Part 2: Short Answer Questions (40%)

Respond in several sentences, or in point form as appropriate, to five (5) of the questions below
that draw directly from course readings.

The purpose of this exercise is that you review the required readings for the course and thus
reinforce your knowledge outside of the module content.

Please answer 5 of 10 short answer questions below. Each question is equally weighted. Each
answer is graded out of eight (8 x 5 = 40 marks).

1. Irwin Abrams organized the Nobel Peace Prize recipients into six categories for the years
1901-2000. List the six categories, from most to least, according to the total number of recipients
in each category for these years.

2. According to Heather Reid, how can Olympic-style sport cultivate peaceful attitudes?

3. What are the ten different applications of nonviolent direct action outlined by Gene Sharp in
“Applications of Nonviolent Struggle in the Modern World”?

4. How did the Canadian government respond to the historic peace churches and conscientious
objectors during the Second World War? Explain how men called for military duty could receive
conscientious objector (CO) status in Canada during the Second World War.

5. The Pashtun ‘Servants of God’ took an oath and signed a pledge of nonviolence. Identify who
the Servants of God were and name one element each from their oath and pledge.
6. According to John Dear, what were Martin Luther King, Jr.’s six fundamental principles of
nonviolence and his six steps of nonviolent action?

7. Briefly explain the Danish resistance movement’s strategy of “deny, delay, diminish” during
the German military occupation of Denmark in the Second World War.

8. According to Lawrence S. Wittner, what strategic lessons does the history of the campaign
against nuclear weapons offer?

9. What is Code Pink best known for? Briefly describe one example of Code Pink’s nonviolent
direct-action tactics in protesting against the American invasion of Iraq during 2002-2004

10. Briefly describe Greenpeace’s first campaign in 1971. How was it inspired by the Quaker
ideology of bearing witness? According to Gilles-Phillippe Page, what are Greenpeace’s three
campaign strategies?

Part 3: Peace Movement Essay (40%)

The purpose of this exercise is to review and synthesize the overall concepts of the course as they
relate to specific case studies. In this course, you have been introduced to many peace
movements represented by people, organizations, actions, events, and ideas. This essay question
asks that you use the course modules and materials to illustrate your depth of knowledge.

Write an essay of approximately 800 words.

Direct quotations should be used sparingly. Use proper referencing for any direct quotations.

The answer is worth 40% of the total exam grade.

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Discuss, compare, and contrast three different peace movements (an organization, an action /
response, or an individual philosophy) explored in the course, taking care to address the following
movement characteristics – aims/goals; ideology/philosophy; tactics/methods. As well, speak to
the legacy of each movement in terms of its impact on subsequent peace movements (this could
relate to its outcomes, or its leadership, or its methods).

Use specific examples from course material to illustrate your points.