Chapter 22
Virtualization
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode: Understanding Virtualization
Core 1: 3.4 Given a scenario, install and configure
motherboards, central processing units (CPUs), and add-on
Objective(s): cards.
Core 1: 4.2 Summarize aspects of client-side virtualization.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode Description
In the first virtualization episode, Mike
explores the concepts behind virtual
machines. He discusses virtualization vs.
emulation, how modern VMs work, and the
differences between Type 1 and Type 2
hypervisors (the different hosts for virtual
machines).
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Key Terms
• 1:07 - Objective term - Virtual machine (VM)
• 1:27 - Virtualization
• 1:55 - Emulation
• 2:14 - Objective term - CPUs must be able to
support virtualization
• 2:52 - Hypervisor
• 5:49 - Virtual machines can be used to run
multiple websites on one powerful machine
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Key Terms
• 6:15 - Objective term - For security, virtual
machines can be quickly shut down and
backed up from an image file
• 6:53 - Objective term - Virtual machines
are great for sandbox testing and cross-
platform virtualization
• 7:10 - Type 1 hypervisor
• 7:35 - VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V,
KVM
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Type 1 (Bare Metal) Hypervisors
• VMWare ESXi
– https://www.vmware.com/in/products/esxi-
and-esx.html
• Microsoft Hyper-V
– https://learn.microsoft.com/en-
us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-
windows/about/
• KVM
– https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Downloads
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Type 2 Hypervisors
• Oracle VM VirtualBox
– https://www.virtualbox.org/
• VMWare Workstation Player
– https://www.vmware.com/products/workstation-
player.html
• Windows Sandbox
– Available on Windows 10 and 11 Pro, Enterprise, or
Education
– It’s a temporary VM, so nothing is saved once you
close out of the sandbox
– https://learn.microsoft.com/en-
us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-
sandbox/windows-sandbox-overview
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Quick Review
• Virtual machines (VMs) are self-
contained computers running on a host
machine
• Hypervisors support multiple VMs
• A type 1 hypervisor runs directly on top
of the hardware as an OS
• A type 2 hypervisor runs as an app in an
OS
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode: Your First Virtual Machine
Core 1: 4.2 Summarize aspects of client-side
Objective(s):
virtualization.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode Description
In this episode, Mike walks the viewer
through the process of setting up a new
virtual machine. The host OS is Windows 10;
Oracle VM VirtualBox is the type 2
hypervisor. The VM Mike installs runs
Ubuntu Linux. During the setup, Mike
explains details specific to VirtualBox and
Ubuntu, and details that apply to any virtual
machine installation.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Key Terms
• 0:19 - Objective term - Virtual machines
are great for cross-platform virtualization
• 2:52 - Objective term - Different operating
systems have different resource
requirements in VMs
• 2:37 - Objective term - VMs are also good
to run legacy software and OSes (like
Windows 7)
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Download Ubuntu ISO
• Must have a hypervisor installed (see previous
episode)
• Check out www.ubuntu.com for download
options
• Currently, here are the most up-to-date versions
of Ubuntu you can download
– 22.04 release, requires 64-bit OS, 4 GB RAM, 25
GB storage space, long-term support guaranteed
until April 2027
https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop
– Older 20.04 release, requires 64-bit OS, 1 GB RAM,
3.6 GB storage space
https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04/
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Quick Review
• Setting up a new VM takes a few steps:
• Install a hypervisor, like Oracle
VirtualBox
• Create a virtual machine in the
hypervisor
• Download and install an operating
system, like Ubuntu Linux
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode: Advanced Virtualization Setup
Core 1: 4.2 Summarize aspects of client-side
Objective(s):
virtualization.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode Description
Mike describes the process of changing
one or more VMs, such as modifying the
number and size of mass storage available.
You can use a VM to explore the many
options available in Disk Management with
multiple drives. The episode also covers
networking with VMs, via bridging, NAT, and
NAT network options.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Key Terms
• 4:11 - Bridged adapter
• 5:15 - Network Address Translation (NAT)
• 6:07 - NAT Network
• 8:47 - Internal Network
• 8:59 - Host-only Adapter
• 9:08 - Generic Driver
• 10:11 - Objective term - Security
requirements
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Quick Review
• You can modify virtual hardware easily, such
as adding a “drive”
• Bridge a VM to connect to the same network
(and DHCP server) as the host OS
• Use NAT to put a VM in a unique network ID
• Use NAT Network to put multiple VMs into a
single network ID
• Be sure to consider the same security best
practices with VMs as you do with any other
operating system
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode: Cloud Computing
Objective(s): Core 1: 4.1 Summarize cloud-computing concepts.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode Description
In this episode, Mike looks at the benefits of
cloud computing (or moving virtual
machines out onto the Internet). The cloud
VMs enable benefits such as rapid elasticity
and on-demand scaling, so you can quickly
support any Internet application that needs
it. Mike also describes the functions behind
the buzzwords Infrastructure-as-a-Service,
Platform-as-a-Service, and Software-as-a-
Service.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Key Terms
• 0:25 - Objective term - The Cloud
• 1:15 - Objective term - Rapid elasticity
• 1:56 - On-demand (which enables high availability, less
downtime, and less crashes)
• 2:46 - Objective term - Resource pooling/shared
resources
• 3:48 - Objective term - Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• 5:41 - Objective term - Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• 6:08 - Heroku
• 6:49 - Objective term - Software as a Service (SaaS)
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Quick Review
• Cloud computing moves the VMs out onto a
server somewhere, but makes them easily
accessible through the Internet
• Cloud computing enables rapid elasticity, on-
demand scaling, high availability, and
resource pooling
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) moves network
tasks such as firewalls into the Cloud
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) enables quick
deployment of code and app management
• Software as a Service (SaaS) moves apps to the
Cloud, such as Google Docs or Office365
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode: Cloud Ownership
Objective(s): Core 1: 4.1 Summarize cloud-computing concepts.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode Description
In this episode, Mike looks at concepts of
security, ownership, and access to cloud
resources. Specifically, he explores the
differences among public, private, hybrid,
and community cloud computing.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Key Terms
• 0:20 - Objective term - Private cloud
• 0:43 - Objective term - Public cloud
• 1:16 - Objective term - Hybrid cloud
• 1:37 - Objective term - Community cloud
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Quick Review
• Private clouds are owned and used only by
a single organization
• Public clouds are privately owned but are
available for public use, usually at a cost
• Hybrid clouds have both private and public
aspects
• Community clouds are owned by multiple
organizations for their own private use for
cost sharing
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode: Cloud-Based Applications
Objective(s): Core 1: 4.1 Summarize cloud-computing concepts.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Episode Description
In this episode, Mike looks at applications in
the cloud. Cloud-based storage enables
access to files from any connected device.
Cloud-based applications enable easy
configuration and management. Virtual
desktops create a consistent workspace
online. And virtual application streaming
gives you the programs you need without
local installation.
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Key Terms
• 0:39 - Objective term - Cloud storage and
file synchronization
• 2:21 - Conflicted copy
• 4:05 - Objective term - Virtual desktops
and virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI)
• 4:26 - Objective term - Virtual desktops
can be access on-premises or in the
cloud
• 4:41 - Streaming applications
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
Quick Review
• Cloud storage enables access to synchronized
saved files from any device
• Cloud-based applications move management to
the Cloud for e-mail and more
• Virtual desktops and virtual desktop
infrastructure (VDI) provide a consistent
workspace in the Cloud accessible from any
device
• Virtual application streaming provides access to
apps without installing them locally
CompTIA A+ (220-110x)
Mike Meyers and Steve Nicholson
