f.ngh.j.

(rh/juk;)-2023
jkpo; nkhopAk; ,yf;fpaKk;
fpUl;bzd; J}Jr; rUf;fk;

Mrpupau;:jpU.t.tujuh[h
kl;/gl;/Jk;gq;Nfzp fz;zfp tpj;jpahyak;
 fpUl;bzd; J}Jr; rUf;fk;
1. mj;jpdhGuj;jpd; rpwg;Gf;fs;
tlnkhopapy; Ntj tpahruhy; vOjg;gl;l ,jpfhrNk kfhgujkhFk;.
,J jkp;opy; tpy;ypGj;J}uho;thu; vd;gtuhy; vOjg;gl;ljhFk;. ,t;
,jpfhrj;jpy; fpUl;bzd; J}Jr; rUf;fk; vDk; gFjpapy; ,lk; ngWk;
mj;jpdhGuj;jpd; rpwg;Gf;fis ehk; gpd;tUkhW Nehf;FNthk;.
“nra;tuhy; ,dk; cfSk; jpU ehL” vDk; ghlybapy;
mj;jpdhGuj;jpd; rpwg;G vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;tifapy;> FU
ehl;bd; ePu; tsKk; mjdhy; Vida tsq;fspd; nropg;Gk; kiwKfkhf
epiyehl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ cau;e;J gha;e;J tpOk; jd;ik
nfhz;lJ tuhy; kPd;fshFk;. ,t;tuhy; kPd;fs; ePu;tsk; nfhz;l
gpuNjrj;jpNyNa thof;$baJ. mg;gbahd tuhy; kPd;fs; tay;fspy;
cyhtpj;jpupfpd;wJ vd;W $WtjD}lhf tay;fs; tsk; kpf;fjhAk;
nropg;G kpf;fjhAk; fhzg;gLk; vd;gJ tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ ePu;
tsk; kpf;fjhf mj;jpdhGuk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ vd;gJ
Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLfpwJ.
“faputKk; jhkiuAk; fko; gof; FUehL” vd;gjD}lhfTk;
mj;jpdhGuj;jpd; rpwg;G tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ Mk;gy; kyUk;
jhkiuAk; G+j;Jf; FYq;Ffpd;w ehNl mj;jpdhGukhFk;. mj;NjhL
nropg;G kpf;f tay;fs; epiwe;j ,lkhfTk; FUehL fhzg;gLfpwJ.
“jhJ Cjp mspKuYk; jz;gjp” vDk; ghlypy; mj;jpdhGuj;jpd;
rpwg;G Gyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ> NrhiyfSk; mq;F kyu;e;j
G+f;fSk; fhzg;gLkhapd; mq;F tz;LfSk; epiwe;J fhzg;gLk;.
,jidNa> tz;Lfs; G+f;fspy; cs;s kfue;j jhJf;fis jdJ
thahy; Cjp uPq;fhuk; nra;fpd;wd vd jUkd; $Wfpd;whd;. ,jd;
%yk; Nrhiy tsk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
“Ke;J Cu; ntk;gdpf; nfhbNahd;”; vDk; ghlybapy; mj;jpdhGuk;
goikahd Cu; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gNjhL ‘ee;J CUk; Gdy; ehL’
ehl;bd; ePu; tsj;jpid vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ. ePu; tsk; mjpfkhf
,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpNyNa rq;Ffs; kpje;J fhzg;gLk;. rq;Ffs; cyhtpj;
jpupfpd;w Cu; fhl;lg;gl;bUg;gJ mq;Fs;s ePu; tsj;jpid giwrhw;wp
epw;fpd;wJ.
vdNt Nkw;$wg;gl;lthW mj;jpdhGuj;jpd; rpwg;Gf;fs;
tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2. fz;zdpd; ngUikfs;
fpUl;bdd; J}Jr; rUf;fj;jpy; ghly;fspy; fz;zdpd; ngUikfs;
Gyg;gLj;jg;gLtjidf; fhzKbfpd;wJ. mt;tifapy;> ,r;
rUf;fj;jpy; ntspg;gLk; fz;zdpd; ngUikfs; gpd;tUkhW vLj;Jf;f
fhl;lyhk;.
fz;zdpd; ngUikfSs; xd;whf Njtu;fspd; jiytdhf
fz;zd; tpsq;Ftjidf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,jid> “mkuu; Nfhkhd;”
vDk; ghly; tup njspTWj;Jfpd;wJ. “capu; midaha;” vDk; ghly;
tupapy; fz;zd; capiug; Nghd;wtd; vd;W rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;whd;.
,t;thW fz;zd; capiug; Nghd;wtdhf rpwg;gpf;fg;gLtJk;
fz;zdpd; ngUikahf mikfpd;wJ.
kpFe;j khia cilatdhf fz;zd; fhl;lg;gLtJk; mtdJ
ngUikahf mikfpd;wJ. mt;tifapy;> “khkhad;” vDk; ghly; tup
fz;zd; kpFe;j khia cilatd; vd;gjid ntspg;gLj;jp
epw;fpd;wjJ.
“rpe;Juj; jpyf Ejy; rpe;Juj;jpd;
kUg;G xrpj;j nrq;fz; khNy” vDk; ghly; tupfspy; fz;zgpuhdpd;
tPuk; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wjJ. mjhtJ> rpe;J}uk; vd;w nre;epwg;
nghbahy; Md jpyfj;ij mzpe;j new;wpia cila Ftyah gPlk;
vd;w ahidapd; nfhk;ig xbj;j rpte;j fz;fis cila jpUkhy;
vd;W fz;zd; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;whd;. ,t;thW fz;zd;
rpwg;gpf;fg;gLtJk; fz;zdpd; ngUikf;F rhd;whFk;.
NkYk;> cyfk; midj;ijAk; ce;jpf; fky kyupy; ,Ue;J
cUthf;fpatd; vd;Wk; jhkiu kyupy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; jpUkfs;
mku;e;jpUf;fg; ngWk; nfsj;Jgk; vd;w kzpia mzpe;j khu;gpdd;
vd;Wk; mbahupd; Fiwfis vy;yhk; ePf;fpatd; vd;Wk; fz;zd;
rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;whd;. ,t;thW fz;zd; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLtjid>
“G+j;NjhNd G+e;jtprpy; G+it Gzu;
kzpkhu; gh Gd;ik ahTk;
jPu;j;NjhNd Cdk; ,yhd;” vDk; ftp tupfs; Gyg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wd.
“flTs; fq;if ePu; Kbj;jhd; ,unthopj;j” vDk; ftp tupfspYk;
fz;zdpd; ngUik vLj;jhsg;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ> flTs;
jd;ikAila fq;if Mw;wpd; ePiur; rilapy; nfhz;l rptdJ
ahrpf;Fk; njhopiy ePf;fpatd; vd;W fz;zd; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;whd;.
“#Lfpd;w Joha;” vd;gjd; %yk; mzpfpd;w Jsrp khiyiar;
#ba KbiaAilatd; vd;nwy;yhk; fz;zd; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;whd;.
,t;thW> fpUl;bdd; J}Jr; rUf;fj;jpy; mike;Js;s ghly;fspy;
gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; fz;zgpuhdpd; ngUikfs;
rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wikapid ehk; Nkw;fhl;lg;gl;lthW fhl;lyhk;.
3. jUkd; Nghiuj; jtpu;g;gjpy; nfhz;bUe;j
cWjpg;ghL
fpUl;bzd; JJ}r; rUf;fj;jpNy jUkd; fz;zDld;
ciuahLfpd;w NghJk; tPkDld; jUkd; ciuahLk; NghJk; ju;kd;
Nghiuj; jtpu;g;gjpy; nfhz;bUe;j <LghL ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
mt;tifapy;> fpUl;bzd; J}Jr; rUf;fj;jpNy jUkd; Nghiuj;
jtpu;g;gjpy; nfhz;bUe;j <LghL ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjk; gw;wp ehk;
gpd;tUkhW Nehf;FNthk;.
Kjypy; jUkd; fz;zDld; ciuahLk; NghJ jUkd; Nghiuj;
jtpu;g;gjpy; nfhz;bUe;j <LghL ntspg;gLj;jg;gLtjid Nehf;fyhk;.
mjthJ> %q;fpyhdJ jd;idj; jhNd curpf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ mJ
jhdhfNt jPg;gw;wp %q;fpy; fhlhdJ KOtJkhf mope;J tpLk;.
mjidg; NghyNt JupNajdDk; ehq;fSk; Nghu; nra;jhy; ,U jug;Gk;
mope;J tpLNthk;. MfNt rkhjdhk; cz;lhf J}J nrd;W th vd
fpU\;zdplk; $WtJ jUkd; Nghiuj; jtpu;g;gjpy; nfhz;bUe;j
<Lghl;bid Gyg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wJ.
“.........cau; tiuf;fhL vd;d
nrapu; mkupy; ntFsp nghu Nru ,U
jpwe;NjKk; nrd;W khs;Nthk;.....” vd;w ghly; tupfs; ,jid
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
NkYk; fz;zd; Aj;jj;ij tw;GWj;j “FutiuAk; fpisQiuAk;
Fyj;J cupa....” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; rhd;NwhiuAk;>
cwtpdu;fisAk; jk;gpau;fisAk; mopj;J Nghupy; ntd;W tho;tjid
tpl fhl;bw;F nrd;W ,uTk; gfYk; fha;> fpoq;F> fdp> ,iy cz;L
tho;tNj kpfTk; ey;yJ vd;W jUkd; $WtJ Nghiuj; jtpu;g;gjpy;
jUkd; nfhz;bUe;j cWjpg;ghl;bid typAWj;jp epd;fpd;wJ.
“Ke;J Cu; ntk; gzpf; nfhbNahd;...” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy;
fz;zid gpd;tUkhW $wp J}J mDg;Gfpd;whd; jUkd;. mjhtJ
FUehl;bd; ghfq;fisAk; mjw;Fupa mjpfhuq;fisAk; Nfs;
juhtpl;lhy; Ie;J Cu;fisf; Nfs; mjidAk; ju kWj;jhy; Ie;J
tPLfisahtJ Nfs; mjid ju kWj;jhy; Nghu; nra;J ngWNthk; vd
$W vd;fpwhd; jUkd;. ,q;F ve;j mstpw;F jho;e;J NghfNtz;LNkh
me;jstpw;F jUkd; jho;e;J Nghfpd;whd;. vdNt> jUkd; Nghupd;wp
rkhjhdkhf thoNt vz;Zfpd;whd;. ,t;thW jUkd; rkhjhdj;ijNa
typAWj;jp epw;gJ Nghiuj; jtpu;g;gjpy; nfhz;bUe;j cWjpg;ghl;bidNa
ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
jUkd; tPkDld; ciuahLk; NghJk; jUkd; Nghiuj; jtpu;g;gjpy;
nfhz;bUe;j <LghL ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ> jUkd;
Fw;wj;ij ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; cwTfs; mope;Nj Ngha;tpLk;. Nghu;
,d;wp rkhjhdkhf tho;tjidg; Nghy ed;ik vJTk; cz;Nlh?
mj;jpdhGuj;ij Fwpj;J Nghu; nra;jhy; ,U gFjpadUf;Fk; mopit
Vw;gLj;Jk;. mjdhy; Nghupd;wp rkhjhdkhf tho;tNj rpwe;jJ vd “
gupTld; kw;W ,it $Wk; gtd Fkhuid...” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy;
 $WtJ Nghiuj; jtpu;g;gjpy; jUkd; nfhz;bUe;j cWjpg;ghl;bidNa
njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ.
mtkhdk; vd;gJ jkuhy; Vw;gLtJ my;y gpwuhy; Vw;gLtNjahFk;.
me;j tifapy; JupNahjdd; Kjypa midtUk; jk; cwTfs; mjdhy;
rigapy; Vw;gl;lJ mtkhdk; vdf; $wKbahJ. mit jkuhy;
Vw;gl;ljhFk; vd tpsf;fkspf;fpd;whd;. mj;NjhL jd; tpuyhdJ jk;ik
mwpahky; fz;zpy; gLkhdhy; jk; tpuiyj; jz;bg;gjpy;iy vdf;
$Wfpd;whd;. ,t;thW jUkd; $WtJ Nghiu tpUk;ghj jUkDila
kdepiyia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
,Wjpapy; tPkid rhe;jg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf rkhjhdk; ruptuhj
gl;rj;jpy; Nghu; nra;Nthk; vd;gjid njuptpj;J Nghu;j;njhopy;
kd;dUf;Fupa cghaq;fspy; ,Wjpahf ifahsg;gLtjhFk; vd;W
$WtJ Nghiuj; jtpu;g;gjpy; nfhz;bUe;j cWjpg;ghl;bidNa
njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ.
vdNt jUkd;> fz;zid J}J mDg;Gk; NghJk; tPkdpd;
Nfhgj;ij jzpj;J rkhjhdg; gLj;Jk; NghJk; Nghiuj; jtpu;g;gjpy;
nfhz;bUe;j cWjpg;ghL ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

4. tPkdpd; ntQ;rpdk;
tlnkhopapy; Ntj tpahruhy; vOjg;gl;l ,jpfhrNk kfhgujkhFk;.
,J jkp;opy; tpy;ypGj;J}uho;thu; vd;gtuhy; vOjg;gl;ljhFk;. ,t;
,jpfhrj;jpy; fpUl;bzd; J}Jr; rUf;fk; vDk; gFjpapy;
rkhjhdj;ijNa typAWj;jp epw;Fk; jUkNdhL tPkd; ciuahLk;
NghJk;> jUkdpd; nraiy epidj;J tUj;jKw;W jUkidg; gw;wp
fz;zDld; $Wk; NghJk; tPkdpd; ntQ;rpdk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
,jid ehk; gpd;tUkhW Nehf;fyhk;.
gy mtkhdq;fSf;F gpd;dUk; $l jUkdpd; rkhjhd
vz;zj;jhy; Nfhgk; milAk; tPkdpd; ntQ;rpdk; Gyg;gl;L epw;fpd;wJ.
Jr;rhjdd; jpnusgjpia rigapy; gpbj;J ,Of;f mjw;f jpnusgjp
mOJ Gyk;Gk;NghJ tPkd; Kjypa jk;gpau;fis Nfhgpf;f Ntz;lhk; vd;W
jUkd; $wpapUe;jhd;. mj;NjhL tdthrk;> mQ;Qhjthrk; Kbj;j
gpwFk; JupNahjdidf; nfhy;tjw;F gpd;thq;Ffpwha;. JupNahjddpd;
,uf;fkpy;yhikf;F mQ;Rtjid tpl cd; mUSf;Nf mQ;Rfpd;Nwd;
vd jUkidg; ghu;j;J $WtJ jUkd; kPjhd ntQ;rpdj;ijAk; fhl;b
epw;fpd;wjJ. ,jid> “tpupFoy; ige;njhb ehzp...” vdj; njhlq;Fk;
ghly; tup vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wjJ.
“fhz; Ms cid tpLj;j fz;...” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy;
“JupNahjdd; MSk; ehL KOtjidAk; cdf;Nf jUNtd;. cd; kPJ
Nfhgk; nfhs;shky; ,Uf;f ,e;jpudpd; mkuhtjp efuj;ij
JupNahjdDf;Nf mspg;Ngd; vd;W $Wtjpy; JupNahjddpd; ntQ;rpdk;
Gyg;gl;L epw;fpd;wJ.
 “#Lfpd;w Joha; KbNahd;...” vDk; ghlypy; ,dp fz;zidj;
J}jhf mDg;g Ntz;ba Njit vJTk; ,y;iy. vd;idNa mDg;G
vd tPkd; Nfl;Fk; tpjj;jpid MuhAk; NghJ J}jhf nrd;W
JupNahjdid mopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ntQ;rpdk; ,jdpy; Gyg;gl;L
epw;fpd;wJ.
“%j;Njhd; kw;W ,it ciug;g..” vdj; njhlq;Fk;
ghlypD}lhfTk; tPkdpd; ntQ;rpdk; ntspg;gl;L epw;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ>
jUkdpd; rkhjhd vz;zj;ij mwpe;j tPkd;> ntQ;rpdk; mjpfkhf
tsu tha; Fowp fz;zid Nehf;fp Fw;wk; ,y;yhj jUkd; khdk; ,d;wp
,t;thW NgRtjw;F ehd; vd;d nra;ag; Nghfpd;Nwd;? vd;W Nfhgj;Jld;
Nfl;fpd;whd;. ,J ju;kdpd; ntQ;rpdj;ij ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wJ.
“Nghu; Kbj;jhdku; nghUJ Gyk;GW nrhy;..” vdj; njhlq;Fk;
ghlypYk; tPkdpd; ntQ;rpdk; ntspg;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ> mjhtJ Nghiu
Kbj;Jtpl;lhd;. Jr;rhjddJk; JupNahjddJk; ,uj;jj;jhy; vd;
$e;jiy eidj;j gpwNf $e;jiy Kbg;Ngd; vdf; $wpa jpnusgjpapd;
rgjj;ij jPu;j;jtd;. jk;gpaupd; rgjj;ij Kbf;fr; nra;jtd; vd
Nghw;WtJ Nghy jUkid J}w;Wfpd;whd;. ,t;thW jUkid tPkd;
J}w;WtJ tPkdpd; ntQ;rpdj;ijNa fhl;bepw;fpd;wJ.
mj;Jld; kd;dupd; cly;fs; vy;yhk; Jz;lhfp ,uz;LgLk;
tifapy; Nghu; nra;J gifikia mopj;J gioikahd cupik ehl;il
Ml;rp nra;a JzpT nfhs;tNj my;yhJ mwj;ijAk; cwtpddpd;
cwitAk; ngupjhfg; ghuhl;b giftid tzq;fp ahrpj;J ehl;ilg;
ngw;W czit cz;L capu; tho;tjw;F Jzpe;Js;shd; ju;kd; vd;Wk;
,J vy;yh tUj;jj;ijAk; tpl NkyhdJ vd;Wk; tPkd; $WtJ mtdJ
ntQ;rpdj;ij ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wJ. ,jid> “mzpe;J tUk; rkupy;
vjpu;j;J....” vDk; ghly; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
vdNt nfsutu;fs; kPJk;> nfsutu;fs; kPJ Nghupl tpUk;ghJ
rkhjhdj;ijNa typAWj;jp epw;Fk; jUkd; kPJk; tPkdpd;
ntQ;rpdkhdJ Nkw;fhl;lg;gl;lthW ntspg;gl;Lepw;fpd;wJ.
5. jUkdpd; Fzg;gz;Gfs;
jUkdpd; Fzg;gz;gz;Gfs;> fpUl;bzd; J}Jr; rUf;fj;jpy;
mike;Js;s ghly;fspy; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; ntspg;gl;L epw;fpd;wd.
,t;thW ntspg;gLk; jUkdpd; Fzg;gz;Gfis ehk; gpd;tUkhW
Nehf;FNthk;.
Nghiu tpUk;ghJ rkhjhdkhf tho epidg;gtdthfTk; Nghu;
nra;jhy; ,U jug;gpdUk; mopNthk; vDk; vz;zk; nfhz;ltdhfTk;
jUkd; tpsq;Ffpd;whd;. mjhtJ> %q;fpyhdJ jd;idj; jhNd
curpf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ mJ jhdhfNt jPg;gw;wp %q;fpy; fhlhdJ
KOtJkhf mope;J tpLk;. mjidg; NghyNt JupNajdDk; ehq;fSk;
Nghu; nra;jhy; ,U jug;Gk; mope;J tpLNthk;. MfNt rkhjdhk;
cz;lhf J}J nrd;W th vd jUkd; fpU\;zid $Wfpd;whd;.
jUkd; ,t;thW $WtJ mtd; rkhjhdkhf tho epidg;gijAk;
Nghupdhy; Vw;gLk; mopit tpUk;ghjtd; vd;gijAk;
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
“.........cau; tiuf;fhL vd;d
nrapu; mkupy; ntFsp nghu Nru ,U
jpwe;NjKk; nrd;W khs;Nthk;.....” vd;w ghly; tupfs; ,jid
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
rhd;Nwhu;> cwtpdu;> jk;gpau; MfpNahiu Nghupy; nty;tij tpl
fhl;by; tho;tNj Nky; vd epidg;gtd; jUkd;. fz;zd; Aj;jj;ij
tw;GWj;j “FutiuAk; fpisQiuAk; Fyj;J cupa....” vdj;
njhlq;Fk; ghlypD}lhf jUkd; jdJ nghWikapid
ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;whd;. mjhtJ> rhd;NwhiuAk;> cwtpdu;fisAk;
jk;gpau;fisAk; mopj;J Nghupy; ntd;W tho;tjid tpl fhl;bw;F
nrd;W ,uTk; gfYk; fha;> fpoq;F> fdp> ,iy cz;L tho;tNj kpfTk;
ey;yJ vd;W $WtJ rkhjhdj;NjhL thotpUk;Gk; nghWikf;
Fzj;jpid typAWj;jp epd;fpd;wJ.
tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J NghFk; kdg;ghq;F cilatd;. “Ke;J Cu; ntk;
gzpf; nfhbNahd;...” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; fz;zid
gpd;tUkhW $wp J}J mDg;Gfpd;whd; jUkd;. mjhtJ FUehl;bd;
ghfq;fisAk; mjw;Fupa mjpfhuq;fisAk; Nfs; juhtpl;lhy; Ie;J
Cu;fisf; Nfs; mjidAk; ju kWj;jhy; Ie;J tPLfisahtJ Nfs;
mjid ju kWj;jhy; Nghu; nra;J ngWNthk; vd $W vd;fpwhd;
ju;kd;. ,q;F ve;j mstpw;F jho;e;J NghfNtz;LNkh me;jstpw;F
jUkd; jho;e;J Nghfpd;whd;. ,J ju;kdpd; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J NghFk;
kdg;ghq;if ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
jd;id mtkhdg;gLj;jpatu;fis rNfhjuu;fs; vd;W $wp
rkhjhdj;Jld; NgRk; kdg;ghq;F cilatd;. mtkhdk; vd;gJ
jkuhy; Vw;gLtJ my;y gpwuhy; Vw;gLtNjahFk;. me;j tifapy;
JupNahjdd; Kjypa midtUk; jk; cwTfs; mjdhy; rigapy;
 Vw;gl;lJ mtkhdk; vdf; $wKbahJ. mit jkuhy; Vw;gl;ljhFk;
vd tpsf;fkspf;fpd;whd; jUkd;. mj;NjhL jd; tpuyhdJ jk;ik
mwpahky; fz;zpy; gLkhdhy; jk; tpuiyj; jz;bg;gjpy;iy vdf;
$Wfpd;whd;. ,jD}lhf jd;id mtkhdg;gLj;jpatu;fis
rNfhjuu;fs; vd;W $wp JupNahjdd; KjypNahUld; rkhjhdkhf
NghFk; ju;kdpd; kdg;ghq;F ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
Nfhgk; nfhz;l tPkidAk; rkhjhdkhf Ngrp Nghupd; mopTfis
vLj;Jf; $wp rkhjhdkhf nry;y vz;Zgtd;. mjthJ> jdJ
$w;Wf;fshy; tPkd; Nfhgk; milAk; NghJ tPkid mikjpg;gLj;jp
mtidg; Gfo;e;J jdJ rkhjhd vz;zj;ij $wp mij Vw;W
elf;FkhW nra;fpd;wik jUkdpd; nghWikapid vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ.
,jid> “FU Fyj;jpy; Nfghu; VNw” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;
njspTgLj;jp epw;fpd;wJ.
vdNt Nkw;$wpathW jUkdpd; Fzg;gz;gpid jUkd;
fz;zid J}J mDg;Gjy;> tPkid rkhjhdg;gLj;Jjy; Kjypa
gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspD}lhf vLj;Jf;fhl;lhyhk;.

6. tPkdpd; Fzg;gz;Gfs;
tlnkhopapy; Ntj tpahruhy; vOjg;gl;l ,jpfhrNk kfhgujkhFk;.
,J jkp;opy; tpy;ypGj;J}uho;thu; vd;gtuhy; vOjg;gl;ljhFk;. ,t;
,jpfhrj;jpy; fpUl;bzd; J}Jr; rUf;fk; vDk; gFjpapy; ntspg;gLk;
tPkdpd; Fzg;gz;Gfis gpd;tUkhW Nehf;FNthk;.
jUkdpd; rkhjhd vz;zj;ij fz;L Nfhgk; nfhz;ltd;.
mjhtJ ghz;ltu;fspd; %j;jtdhd jUkdpd; rkhjhz vz;zj;ij
mwpe;j tPkd; nfhba NfhgkhdJ nkd;NkYk; tsu> tsu ehf;fp;ypUe;J
tUfpd;w Fw;wkw;w nrhw;fs; Fsw> tpiuthf vOe;J fz;zid
ghu;j;J Fw;wk; ,y;yhj jUkd; khdk; ,y;yhky; NgRtjw;F vd;d
nra;tJ vd;W Nfl;fpd;whd;. ,J tPkdpd; Nfhgj;jpid
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wjJ. ,jid> “%j;Njhd; kw;W ,it ciug;g
,isNahd;...”vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wJ.
fz;zd; kPJ gf;jp nfhz;ltd;. tPkd; fz;zid Nehf;fp “
cyfk; midj;ijAk; nfhg;G+opdpd;W cz;lhf;fg; ngw;wtNd!
nre;jhkiu kyuhfpa ,Uf;ifapy; mku;e;jpUf;Fk; nfsj;Jgk; vd;w
kzpia khu;gpdpy; cilatNd! mbahu;fspd; Fiwfs; midj;ijAk;
ePf;fpatNd vd;W Gfo;e;J Ngrj; njhq;FtJ fz;zd; kPJ tPkd; gf;jp
nfhz;ltd; vd;gij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
JupNahjddpd; ,uf;fkpy;yhikf;F mQ;Rtjid tpl jUkdpd;
mUSf;Nf mQ;Rtjhf njuptpg;gtd;. mjhtJ Jr;rhjddhy; gpbj;J
,Oj;jjhy; Fiye;J tpupe;j $e;jiy cila gRikahd
tisay;fis mzpe;j jpnusgij mur rigapy; ntl;fg;gl;L mOJ
Gyk;gpa fhyj;jpNy ekJ Fyj;jpw;Fk; cyfk; cs;stiuAk; ePq;fhj
gopia cz;lhf;fpdha;. vupAk; jPia cila fhl;by; thoe;J
gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lfs; fope;j gpd;Dk; nfhba giftu;fshfpa
JupNahjdd; KjypNahiuf; nfhy;y gpd;thq;Ffpd;wha; KuRf; nfhbia
cau ehl;ba jUkNd ghk;Gf; nfhbia cau;j;jpa JupNahjddJ
,uf;fkpy;yhikf;F mQ;Rtjid tpl cdJ fUizf;F
gag;gLfpd;Nwd; vd;W tPkd; $WtJ jUkd; kPjhd ntWg;igf;
fhl;LfpwJ.
tPuk; cilatd;. mjthtJ> ju;kid Nehf;fp cd;idf; fhl;by;
thOk;gb mDg;gpa gpwtpf; FUldhd fUiz ,y;yhjtdhfpa
jpUjuhl;bddJ md;Gf;Fupa kfdhd JupNahjdd; jw;NghJ Mz;L
tUk; muR KOtijAk; ntz;nfhw;wf;Filapd; fPo; murhSk; gb
,d;Nw jUNtd; vd;W rgjk; ,LtJ tPkdpd; tPuj;jpid ntspg;gLj;jp
fhl;b epw;fpd;wJ.
gop jPu;f;Fk; kdg;ghq;F cilatd;. Kd; ehspy; jkf;Fupa
murhl;rp KOtijAk; gwpj;Jf; nfhz;l ngupa jk;gpahd JupNahjdd;>
jd; ,uhr;rpaj;ij nfhz;likf;F cd;id ntWf;fhj tifapy; tPu
Rtu;f;fj;ij mila Njtu;fSf;F murdhd ,e;jpudJ cyfkhfpa
mkuhtjp efuj;ij mj;JupNahjdDf;F nfhLg;Ngd; vd;W tPkd;
$WtJ gop jPu;f;Fk; kdg;ghq;if fhl;b epw;fpd;wJ.
“Nghu; Kbj;jhdku; nghUJ Gyk;GW nrhy;..” vdj; njhlq;Fk;
ghlypYk; tPkdpd; tQ;rg;Gfo;r;rpNahL jUkid NgRtJ ntspg;gLfpwJ.
mjhtJ> mjhtJ Nghiu Kbj;Jtpl;lhd;. Jr;rhjddJk;
JupNahjddJk; ,uj;jj;jhy; vd; $e;jiy eidj;j gpwNf $e;jiy
Kbg;Ngd; vdf; $wpa jpnusgjpapd; rgjj;ij jPu;j;jtd;. jk;gpaupd;
rgjj;ij Kbf;fr; nra;jtd; vd Nghw;WtJ Nghy jUkid
J}w;Wfpd;whd;. ,t;thW jUkid tPkd; Gfo;tJ gopf;fpd;whd;.
mfq;fhuKk; jw;JzpTk; cilatd;. mjhtJ> JupNahjddhy;
gy Jd;gq;fis mDgtpj;j gpwFk; kPz;Lk; rkhjhd Ngr;Rthu;j;ijf;F
jUkd; fz;zid J}J mDg;Gfpd;whNd tUj;jg;gl;L fz;zid
J}J nry;y Ntz;lhk; vd;W rgjq;fis epiwNtw;w JupNahjddpdlk;
jhd; J}J nry;y mDkjpf;FkhW jUkdplk; Ntz;Lfpd;whd;. ,J
tPkdpd; mfq;fhuj;ijAk; jw;JzpitAk; ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
FUFyj;jpy; tha;j;j kd;dUs; Nghu; nra;Ak; Mw;wy; tha;e;j
Mz;rpq;fk; Nghd;wtd;. > “FU Fyj;jpy; Nfghu; VNw” vDk; ghly;
tupapy; FU Fyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa kd;dUs; Nghu; Mw;wy; tha;e;j Mz;
rpq;fk; Nghd;wtNd vd;W jUkd; tPkid Gfo;tjD}lhf Nghuhy;
ntw;wp ngwf; $ba ty;yik nfhz;ltd; vd;gJ Gyg;gLfpd;wJ.
,t;thW JupNahjddpd; Fzg;gz;Gfs; ntspg;gLfpd;wik
Nkw;$wpathW mikfpd;wJ.
7. jUkdpd; nghWik
fpUl;bzd; JJ}r; rUf;fj;jpNy jUkdpd; nghWikfs;
ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mjhtJ> fz;zDld; jUkd; ciuahLfpd;w
NghJk; tPkDld; jUkd; ciuahLk; NghJk; ju;kdpd; nghWikf; Fzk;
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. mt;tifapy;> fpUl;bzd; J}Jr; rUf;fj;jpNy
jUkdpd; nghWik ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjk; gw;wp ehk; gpd;tUkhW
Nehf;FNthk;.
Kjypy; jUkd; fz;zDld; ciuahLk; NghJ jUkdpd;
nghWikf; Fzk; ntspg;gLtjid Nehf;fyhk;. mt;tifapy;>
FUehl;il rkhjhdkhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;sth? fhl;by; thoth? Nghu;
nra;ath cq;fs; vz;zk; vd;W fz;zd; Nfl;lNghJ mjw;F gjpy;
$Wtjpy; jUkdpd; nghWikf; Fzk; Gyg;gl;L epw;fpd;wJ. mjthJ>
%q;fpyhdJ jd;idj; jhNd curpf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ mJ jhdhfNt
jPg;gw;wp %q;fpy; fhlhdJ KOtJkhf mope;J tpLk;. mjidg; NghyNt
JupNajdDk; ehq;fSk; Nghu; nra;jhy; ,U jug;Gk; mope;J tpLNthk;.
MfNt rkhjdhk; cz;lhf J}J nrd;W th vd fpU\;zid
$Wfpd;wik jUkdpd; nghWikapid Gyg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wJ.
“.........cau; tiuf;fhL vd;d
nrapu; mkupy; ntFsp nghu Nru ,U
jpwe;NjKk; nrd;W khs;Nthk;.....” vd;w ghly; tupfs; ,jid
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
NkYk; fz;zd; Aj;jj;ij tw;GWj;j “FutiuAk; fpisQiuAk;
Fyj;J cupa....” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypD}lhf jUkd; jdJ
nghWikapid ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;whd;. mjhtJ> rhd;NwhiuAk;>
cwtpdu;fisAk; jk;gpau;fisAk; mopj;J Nghupy; ntd;W tho;tjid
tpl fhl;bw;F nrd;W ,uTk; gfYk; fha;> fpoq;F> fdp> ,iy cz;L
tho;tNj kpfTk; ey;yJ vd;W $WtJ rkhjhdj;NjhL thotpUk;Gk;
nghWikf; Fzj;jpid typAWj;jp epd;fpd;wJ.
mj;NjhL> “eP J}J ele;jUsp vkJ epidT....” vDk; ghlypy;
FUehl;bd; ghfj;ijAk; mjw;Fupa gq;ifAk; mjpfhuq;fisAk; Nfs;.
mjidj; ju kWj;jhy; nfhba vkJ}ju; kdk; kfpo Nghu; nra;jhapDk;
ehl;ilg; ngWNtd; vd;W $Wfpd;whd; jUkd;. ,q;F ju;kd; Kjypy;
rkhjhdj;ijNa Kd;dpWj;jp ,WjpapNy NghUf;F jahuhfpd;whd;.
,t;thW jUkd; Kjypy; jUkd; rkhjhdhj;ij typAWj;jp ,WjpahfNt
NghUf;F jhahuhfpd;whd; vd;gJ mtdJ nghWikf;Fzj;jpid
ntspf;fhl;b epd;fpd;wjJ.
“Ke;J Cu; ntk; gzpf; nfhbNahd;...” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy;
fz;zid gpd;tUkhW $wp J}J mDg;Gfpd;whd; jUkd;. mjhtJ
FUehl;bd; ghfq;fisAk; mjw;Fupa mjpfhuq;fisAk; Nfs;
juhtpl;lhy; Ie;J Cu;fisf; Nfs; mjidAk; ju kWj;jhy; Ie;J
tPLfisahtJ Nfs; mjid ju kWj;jhy; Nghu; nra;J ngWNthk; vd
$W vd;fpwhd; jUkd;. ,q;F ve;j mstpw;F jho;e;J NghfNtz;LNkh
me;jstpw;F jUkd; jho;e;J Nghfpd;whd;. vdNt> jUkd; Nghupd;wp
rkhjhdkhf thoNt vz;Zfpd;whd;. ,t;thW jUkd; rkhjhdj;ijNa
typAWj;jp; epw;gJ mtdJ nghWikf; Fzj;jpid ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
jdJ $w;Wf;fshy; tPkd; Nfhgk; milAk; NghJ tPkid mikjpg;gLj;jp
mtidg; Gfo;e;J jdJ rkhjhd vz;zj;ij $wp mij Vw;W
elf;FkhW nra;fpd;wik jUkdpd; nghWikapid vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ.
mjhtJ> “FU Fyj;jpy; Nfghu; VNw” vd;W $Wk;NghNj FU
Fyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa kd;dUs; Nghu; Mw;wy; tha;e;j Mz; rpq;fk;
Nghd;wtNd vd;gjD}lhf Nghuhy; ntw;wp ngwf; $ba ty;yik
nfhz;ltd; vd Nghuhw;wiy Gfo;e;J Vw;W elf;FkhW nra;fpd;whd;.
mj;Jld; Fw;wj;ij ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; cwTfs; mope;Nj
Ngha;tpLk;. Nghu; ,d;wp rkhjhdkhf tho;tjidg; Nghy ed;ik vJTk;
cz;Nlh? mj;jpdhGuj;ij Fwpj;J Nghu; nra;jhy; ,U gFjpadUf;Fk;
mopit Vw;gLj;Jk;. mjdhy; Nghupd;wp rkhjhdkhf tho;tNj rpwe;jJ
vd “ gupTld; kw;W ,it $Wk; gtd Fkhuid...” vdj; njhlq;Fk;
ghlypy; njspTgLj;Jfpd;whd; jUkd;. ,t;thW jUkd; Fw;wk; ghu;j;jhy;
Rw;wk; ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpLk; vd;W Nghu; jtpu;j;J rkhjhdj;ij tpUk;gp
epw;gJ mtdJ nghWikapid vLj;Jf; fhl;b epd;fpd;wJ.
mtkhdk; vd;gJ jkuhy; Vw;gLtJ my;y gpwuhy; Vw;gLtNjahFk;.
me;j tifapy; JupNahjdd; Kjypa midtUk; jk; cwTfs; mjdhy;
rigapy; Vw;gl;lJ mtkhdk; vdf; $wKbahJ. mit jkuhy;
Vw;gl;ljhFk; vd tpsf;fikspf;fpd;whd;. mj;NjhL jd; tpuyhdJ
jk;ik mwpahky; fz;zpy; gLkhdhy; jk; tpuiyj; jz;bg;gjpy;iy vdf;
$Wfpd;whd;. ,jD}lhf JupNahjdDf;F vjpuhf Nghu; nra;tJ
nghUj;jkw;wJ vd;gij jUkd; njspT gLj;Jfpd;whd;. ,J jUkdpd;
nghWikapid fhl;Lfpd;wjJ.
,Wjpapy; tPkid rhe;jg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf rkhjhdk; ruptuhj
gl;rj;jpy; Nghu; nra;Nthk; vd;gjid njuptpj;J Nghu;j;njhopy;
kd;dUf;Fupa cghaq;fspy; ,Wjpahf ifahsg;gLtjhFk; vd;W tpsf;f
kspj;J tPkid rhe;jg;gLj;jp rkhjhdj;ij epiy ehl;l KaYfpd;whd;.
,t;thW tPkid rkhjhdg;gLj;jp rkhjhdj;ij epiyehl;l KaYtJ
ju;kdpd; nghWikapid ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wJ.vdNt jUkd;>
fz;id J}J mDg;Gk; NghJk; tPkdpd; Nfhgj;ij jzpj;J rkhjhdg;
gLj;Jk; NghJk; rkhjhdj;ijNa typAWj;jp epw;Fk; ju;kdpd; nghWikf;
Fzk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gJ Nkw;$wpathW mikfpwJ.
8. E}yhrpupaupd; ftpr;rpwg;Gf;fs;
 Xir eak; nfhz;l ghly;fis ifahz;lik. cjhuzk; - %j;Njhd;>
ehj;Njhk;> G+j;Njhd;> jPu;j;Njhd; vd;w nrhw;fs; ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.
 vJif> Nkhidg; gad;ghL
 ehl;bd; tsk; rpwg;ghf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sik.
 tpUj;jg;gh gad;ghL
 ciueil ghq;fpy; ghliy mikj;Js;sik
 kdpg;gpuths eilg; gad;ghL . cjhuzk; - nta;a> jpyfk;> Ejy;> re;J
 mzpg; gad;ghL
1) tapuk; vDk; RLk; neUg;G - cUtf mzp ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ.
gifik neUg;Gf;F cUtfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2) cau; tiuf; fhL vd;d - ctik mzp
ctkhdk; - %q;fpy; fhL vupjy;
ctNkak; - Nghu; nra;jy;
nghJj;jd;ik - mopT
3) capu; midaha; - ctik mzp
4) mwj;jpy; cUtk; Nghy;thd; - ctik mzp
 njhifr; nrhw;fspd; gad;ghL - tpupFoy;> vupjoy;