RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Objectives:
❑ Recall the concepts of functions and relations
❑ Interpret the graphs of relations and functions
❑ Determine and describe the domain and range of
relations and functions
❑ Perform operations on functions
REVIEW OF RELATIONS AND
FUNCTIONS
Terms:
◦ Relation
◦ Domain
◦ Range
◦ Graph
◦ Inequality
◦ Interval
◦ Function
 Relation
➢ A relation is any set of ordered pairs.
Eg. (1, 3)

Relation exists between two

variables.
A relation arises whenever one
quantity depends on another.
❑ The set of all first components of the
ordered pairs is called the domain of the
relation.

❑ The set of all second components is called

the range of the relation.
{ (-5, -5), (-4, 2), (-2,-2), (0, 1), (2, -3), (3, -4)}

Domain: { -5, -4, -2, 0, 2, 3 }

Range: { -5, 2, -2, 1, -3, -4 }
 Functions

A function is a special type of a relation such

that each element in the domain
corresponds to exactly one element in the
range. For every value of x , there is one
and only one value for y.

A function is a relation in which no two

ordered pairs have the same first element
and distinct second element.
Example 1. Determine if the set of ordered pairs is a function or not.
{ (-5, -5), (-4, 2), (-2,-2), (0, 1), (2, -3), (3, -4)}
❑ One is to one correspondence

Domain Range
-5 -5
-4 2
-2 -2
0 1
2 -3
3 - 4

It is a Function
Example 2. Determine if the set of ordered pairs is a function or not.
{ (5, -5), (5, 2), (-2,-6), (0, -1), (2, 3), (-3, -4)}
❑ One is to one correspondence

Domain Range
5 -5
2
-2 -6
0 -1
2 3
-3 - 4

It is NOT a Function
Example 3. Determine if the set of ordered pairs is a function or not.
{ (5, 2), (- 7, 2), (-2,-6), (1, -1), (2, - 3), (-3, -4)}
❑ One is to one correspondence

Domain Range
5
-7 2
-2 -6
1 -1
2 -3
-3 - 4

It is a Function
The Vertical Line Test – if any vertical line drawn across
the graph will have only one intersection point then it is
a function.

✓ function
Vertical Line Test :

X not a function
Vertical Line Test :

✓ function
 Functions

To determine if an expression is a function, derive

the expression for y and analyze if any value of x
will have exactly one value of y.

1. x + y2 = 2 Not a function

2. y + x2 = 5 Function

3. x y2 = 1 Not a function

Not a function
 FUNCTION REPRESENTATION

Input, x Output, f (x) , y

Independent
f Dependent
variable variable

Domain of function: set of input that

will give a real number output

Range of function: set of output

values
 FUNCTION REPRESENTATION

1. Area, A, of a circle depends on the

radius, r , of the circle.

2. The cost of cell phone charges is a

function of call time or number of
texts.
 Open & Closed Intervals

Definition Example
Open Interval: The set of
numbers that lie between two -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
given endpoints, not including
the endpoints themselves
(3,  )
x3
Closed Interval: The set of
numbers that lie between two -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
given endpoints, including the
endpoints themselves [ – 1, 4]
−1  x  4
Inequality Notation, Interval Notation
and Graph Representation

Inequality Interval Notation Graph

Notation

X>-2 ( - 2, + ꚙ )

X ≤ - 3 or X > 2 ( - ꚙ, - 3] ꓴ ( 2, + ꚙ)

-2≤X≤5 [ -2, 5]
 Interval Notation
( a, b) : Open Interval.
All real numbers between, but not including a and b.

Domain: ( - 4, 4)
Domain: -4 < x < 4
 Interval Notation
[ a, b] : Closed Interval.

All real numbers between and including a and b.

Domain: [ - 1, 2] Range: [ - 1, 0.5]

Domain: -1 < x < 2 Range: -1 < y < 0.5