Senior High School

Physical Science
Module 3 :

AIRs - LM
LU_Physical Science_Module3
 Intermolecular Forces

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Module 3: Intermolecular Forces
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Jhunel L. Nevado

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Content Reviewer: John-John Q. Garcia
Language Reviewer: Mark Emil L. Agustin
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr.
Design and Layout: Jhunel L. Nevado

Management Team:
Atty. Donato D. Balderas Jr.
Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ph D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
Email Address: [email protected]

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 SHS
Physical Science
Module 3:
Intermolecular Forces

Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this
module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for
a better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to
answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided
for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing
each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 Target

Molecules can be found everywhere around us. Their number and variety, as
well as their applications, are limitless. They are the components of the air we
breathe, the juice we drink, and our favorite foods. Small water molecules are
linked together by attraction forces or chemical bonds to build up the water that
makes up 60% of your body.
The diversity of molecules is primarily owing to their ability to interact with
other molecules, and the diversity of matter around us is mostly due to their ability
to interact with other molecules.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. give the type of intermolecular forces in the properties of substances

(S11/12 PS-IIId-e-18)

Learning Objectives:
a. name the general types of intermolecular forces
b. describe the characteristics of each type of intermolecular force
by relating it to the polarity of a substance
c. illustrate each type of intermolecular forces

2. explain the effect of intermolecular forces on the properties of substances

(S11/12 PS-IIId-e-19)

Learning Objectives:
a. identify the intermolecular forces present in each of the given
substances
b. compare the strengths of intermolecular forces in pairs of
substances

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 Pretest

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What intermolecular forces can be found in a molecule of ethene?

A. London dispersion forces only
B. Dipole-dipole attraction and ionic bonding
C. London dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding
D. London dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding, and dipole-dipole
attraction

2. Which of the following has the highest boiling point?

A. CH4 B. H2O
C. NaCl D. CH3CH2CH2OH

3. Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular force?

A. Ionic bonds
B. Covalent bonds
C. Ion-dipole forces
D. Dipole-dipole forces

4. What type of interparticle forces holds liquid N2 together?

A. Ionic bonding
B. London forces
C. Hydrogen bonding
D. Dipole-dipole interaction

5. Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?

A. Ethane B. Ethanol
C. Dimethyl D. Methane

6. Which one of the following elements is least likely to participate in a

hydrogen bond?
A. F B. N C. O D. S

7. Which one of the following represents the weakest interaction between two
atoms or molecules?
A. Ionic bond B. Disulfide bond
C. Dispersion force D. Hydrogen bond

8. Which of the following boils at the highest temperature?

A. CH4 B. C 2H6 C. C3H8 D. C5H12

9. Which of the following compounds is in the CORRECT order by the strength

of their intermolecular forces, from weakest to strongest?
I. H2O
II. CH4
III. C2H6 IV. HBr
2

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 V. NaCl
A. I < II < IV < V < III B. II < III < I < IV < V
C. V < I < IV < III < II D. IV < V < I < II < II

10. Which the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. Molecular solids generally have lower melting points than covalent
solids.
B. The metallic solid can be viewed as positive ions closely packed in a
sea of valence electrons.
C. Metallic solids exhibit a wide range of melting points because metallic
bonds cover a wide range of bond strength.
D. The interactions among the molecules in molecular solids are
generally stronger than those among the particles that define either
covalent or ionic crystal lattices.

11. Which of the following is TRUE about intermolecular force? A. It is true to

ionic substances.
B. It only involves polar molecules.
C. It involves both polar and nonpolar molecules.
D. It is an attraction among atoms in a molecule.

12. Which of the following is TRUE about Hydrogen bond? A. It only exits
among water molecules.
B. It is the strongest intermolecular force.
C. It exists primarily among hydrocarbons.
D. It exists in all molecules regardless of their polarity.

13. Water acts to regulate temperature and serves as the universal solvent.
Which property of water greatly contributes to these characteristics?
A. Its ability to form intramolecular forces.
B. Its ability to dissolve other polar substances.
C. Its ability to be transformed into different states of matter.
D. Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules.

14. Which of the of the following BEST explains why ammonia is soluble in
water but not in hexane?
A. Ammonia molecules are repelled by water molecules.
B. Ammonia molecules form ionic bonds with water molecules.
C. Ammonia molecules form covalent bonds with
water molecules.
D. Ammonia molecules form hydrogen bonds with
water molecules.

15. Soap molecules have both properties of nonpolar and polar at the opposite
ends of its molecule. How are these properties greatly affect the important
use of soaps?
A. Dirt or grease are converted by soap molecules into polar molecules
thus making them easy to be removed.

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 B. Dirt or grease are attracted to the polar ends of soap molecules by
dipole- dipole force thus effectively removing them.
C. Dirt or grease are attracted to the nonpolar ends of soap molecules by
dispersion force thus effectively removing them from surfaces.
D. Dirt or grease are immediately dissolved by soap molecules by
creating all types of intermolecular forces thus effectively removing
them.

GENERAL TYPES OF
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Jumpstart

Activity 1. “What Force Do I Have?”

Direction: List the intermolecular forces that exist between molecules (or formula
units) in each compound.

1. CH3Cl ______________________________________

2. H2 ______________________________________

3. HCl ______________________________________

4. Ne ______________________________________

5. NH3 ______________________________________

6. HF ______________________________________

7. CH3OH ______________________________________

8. C2H4 ______________________________________

9. CO2 ______________________________________

10.CO ______________________________________

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 Discover

General Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces exist when molecules, atoms, or ions interact.

Intermolecular forces of attraction are weaker than intramolecular forces of
attraction in terms of energy involved, but intermolecular forces give molecules
their properties. At room temperature, intermolecular forces explain why a
substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas. The types of intermolecular interactions
are as follows:
Ion-dipole interaction

The force of interaction between charged particles called ions and a polar
molecule is known as the ion-dipole interaction. When NaCl dissolves in water, it
splits into two ions: Na+ and Cl-. Water has a partial positive and partial negative
end because it is a polar molecule.
Thus, the partially negative end of the water molecule will be attracted to the
Na+ ion, while the partially positive end of the water molecule will be attracted by
the Cl- ion from the NaCl molecule.

Ione-dipole

Dipole-dipole interaction

In polar molecules like HCI, the dipole-dipole interaction is the force of

attraction. DIPOLE refers to the unequal sharing of electrons between Hydrogen
and Chlorine atoms in HCl, which results in a partially positive pole in H and a
partially negative pole in Cl.

Dipole-dipole

The molecules with permanent dipoles attract each other in dipole-dipole

interaction, where the positive end of one molecule attracts the negative end of the
other molecule.

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 Hydrogen bond

Hydrogen bond is the link that exists between water molecules. It is a type of
dipole-dipole interaction between the polar molecule Hydrogen and the highly
electronegative elements Fluorine, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. The extremely
electronegative elements F, O, and N cause hydrogen to become strongly positive in
a hydrogen bond.

Water's ability to generate H-bonds is related to its ability to act as a

universal solvent. The H-bond keeps the water from evaporating quickly into the
atmosphere. It also causes ice to float in water because as water molecules expand
at freezing temperatures, they prefer to form a crystal lattice.
London-dispersion interaction

This intermolecular force of attraction can be found in all molecules. It is the

weakest intermolecular force created by a non-polar molecule's transient dipoles.
As the molecular weight of the substance increases, so does the strength of the
dispersion forces.

Explore

Enrichment Activity 1. “Identify Me”

Direction: Identify the possible intermolecular force attraction in the following
pairs of molecule:

1. NaCl ------ H2O _________________________________

2. NH3 ------ NH3 _________________________________
3. H2S ------- H2S _________________________________
4. O2 ------- O2 _________________________________ 5. HCl ------ HCl
_________________________________
6. CH3OH ------ CH3OH _________________________________ 7.
H2 ---------- H2 _________________________________
8. Na2S ------ HCl _________________________________
9. Br2 ------- Br2 _________________________________
10. H2O ----- H2O _________________________________

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 Enrichment Activity 2. “Rank the Force”
Direction: Rank each intermolecular force in the order from the strongest to the
weakest. Use a reaction icon for your ranking system:

Strongest = Strong= Weakest =

TYPE OF INTERMOLECULAR RANK OF THE FORCE (USING

FORCE REACTION ICON)
1. Dipole-Dipole force
2. Hydrogen bond
3. London Dispersion Force

Deepen

Performance Task: Personal Blog

Directions: Make a personal journal or blog on the topic intermolecular force
(#IntermolecularForces). Look for a relevant theme/focus that you can relate the
topic to. Example of theme is Homemade Glue or Water Conservation. You will be
graded using the rubric below.

CRITERIA POOR (1) GOOD (3) EXCELLENT (5)

Assignment Responses do not Responds to two of Responds to more
Basics meet the minimum the questions asked than the required
requirement of two in the “Discussion number of
chapters or two Box” found in two “Discussion Box”
discussion box chapters for this questions OR
questions per period. includes more
chapter. NOTE: than two chapters
Failure to cover at from this period.
least one chapter with
at least one
discussion box
question will result in
zero points for this
assignment.
Blog Content Responses to the Responses to the Responses to the
"Discussion Box" "Discussion Box" "Discussion Box"
questions are short, questions are questions show
superficial, irrelevant, complete, relevant to considerable
or indicate minimal the question, make depth and
understanding of the references to the understanding of
topic or chapter chapter material, the topic and
material. and generally shows chapter material
a good understanding by referencing not

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 of the topic and the only the chapter
chapter. but also other
relevant sources.
Blog Basics Entries have poor Entries have few Spelling and
spelling and contain spelling and grammatical
grammatical errors. grammatical errors. errors are rare.
They are short, appear Text construction is Entries have
hastily mostly formal with structure and are
written, or often use few abbreviations or formatted to
informal language, text style language. enhance
abbreviations, or text. readability.
Blog Creativity Entries fail to take Entries contain a few Entries make
advantage of blogging links or images that significant use of
technology and are indicate an attempt blogging
little more than to take advantage of technology by
written comments blogging technology including
that one might find in as a means of appropriate
a traditional notebook showing support for links/images that
or diary. comments or are directly
elaborating upon related to the
comments. points being
made by the
student and
clearly enhance
those points.
Blog Blog shows deficient Blog shows expected Blog shows
Improvement growth and growth and continuous growth
improvement in the improvement in the and
student's ability to student's ability to improvement in
provide appropriate provide appropriate the student's
content and/or use of content and/or use of ability to provide
technology. technology. appropriate
content and/or
use of technology.

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 EFFECTS OF INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES ON THE PROPERTIES
OF SUBSTANCES

Jumpstart

Activity 1. “What am I”

Direction: In this activity, you are going to guess the correct answer to the riddles
in Column A. Write your answer in Column B.

A B
I could be the texture or color of an object. I am the
characteristics of an object that can be observed. What
am I?
I am a state of matter. I have my own volume, but I take
the shape of the container I am in. Oil is an example.
What am I?

I happen to some substances, such as salt, when they

are mixed with a liquid. I happen faster in warm liquids.
What am I?

I am the small particles of matter in all solids, liquids

and gases. What am I?

Discover

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 Properties of Substances affected by Intermolecular Forces Surface Tension

This is the amount of energy needed to extend a liquid's surface area (e.g., 1
cm2). Surface tensions are high in liquids with high intermolecular forces. When
water is dropped on a waxy surface, it forms a spherical bead to reduce the amount
of surface area it takes up.
Capillary action is an example of surface tension. It refers to a liquid's ability
to move against gravity. Cohesion (intermolecular attraction between like
molecules) and adhesion (attraction between unlike molecules) are the factors that
cause capillary motion.
Capillary Action

Water Mercury

Adhesion is greater Adhesion is less

than Cohesion than Cohesion

The higher the surface tension of a substance, the stronger the

intermolecular forces between molecules.
Viscosity

This is a measurement of a liquid's flow resistance. The viscosity of a liquid

determines how slowly it flows. Because the viscosity of substances diminishes at
high temperatures like syrup flows more quickly when it's heated.

Glycerol

10

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 Water
The ease with which substances flow is influenced by the intensity of
intermolecular forces. Viscosity is a property of liquids with significant
intermolecular forces. Some liquids are extremely viscous due to the presence of
strong H-bonds.
Glycerol has three (3) OH- groups that can engage in H-bonding, whereas
water only has one OH- group that can participate in H-bonding. Glycerol is more
viscous than water.
Boiling Point and Melting Point

The equilibrium vapor pressure exerted by the liquid or solid above it

determines the boiling point. This means that the rate of vaporization in a closed
container is equal to the rate of condensation. Temperature affects vapor pressure
as well. The influence of temperature on water vapor pressure is depicted in the
graph below.

Source: https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/vpress.html

The vapor pressure at 100°C is equal to 1.00 atm (atmospheric pressure). At this
point, the vapor pressure of water equals the atmospheric pressure, then boiling
occurs.
Some compounds boil at a lower temperature, whereas others boil at a
higher temperature. The vapor pressure exerted by liquids or solids determines
these temperatures. The intermolecular forces present in the compounds,
determine the vapor pressure. The vapor pressure is low when the intermolecular
forces are strong.
As a result, boiling will take place at a higher temperature since more energy
is required to break the intermolecular forces and convert the substance to vapor.
Because water has strong H-bonds, vaporization requires more energy to convert
the liquid to water vapor.

11

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 In methane, CH4, London dispersion forces predominate. These are the
smallest attraction forces between molecules. It takes a small amount of energy to
break the bonds, allowing methane to easily turns to vapor. As a result, more vapor
is released, bringing the vapor pressure closer to atmospheric pressure. After that,
the water will boil. This explains why water boils at a higher temperature than
methane.
This holds true for melting point as well. The melting points of substances is
affected by the ease with which bonds break. The higher the intermolecular
interactions between molecules, the higher the melting point of the molecules.
The strength of dispersion forces is also affected by the size of the molecules
or by the number of its electrons. The amount of dispersion forces a substance has
been determined by how easily the electron distribution can change. Polarizability
refers to the distortion of the electron distribution.
The dispersion forces increase as the polarizability of the electron
distribution increases. The boiling and melting points are both high when the
dispersion forces are strong.
Solubility
Solubility refers to a substance's ability to dissolve in another substance
(solid, liquid, or gas). The amount of any material dissolved in a solvent (a
substance that dissolves another substance) is determined by the type of molecular
interaction, pressure, and temperature.
Solubility refers to a substance's ability to dissolve in another substance
(solid, liquid, or gas) (solid, liquid, or gas). The amount of any material dissolved in
a solvent (a substance that dissolves another substance) is determined by the type
of molecular interaction, pressure, and temperature.
The negatively charged particles of the relevant substances will be attracted
to the positively charged particles. The solutions will sustain this interest.

Explore

Enrichment Activity 1: “Which is Which?”

Direction: Answer the following questions first by comparing the given substances
in terms of their structure or polarity.
1. Which has a higher viscosity, HBr or CH4?
2. Which is most likely a gas at room temperature, C2H6 or CH3Cl?
3. Which of the two easily dissolves in water, glucose (C 6H12O6) or hexane
(C6H14)?
4. Which evaporates faster, polar or nonpolar?
5. Which has a higher viscosity, polar or nonpolar?

12

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 Enrichment Activity 2: “Melting or Boiling?”
Directions: Refer to the chart below on physical properties of matter. Answer the
questions and relate the intermolecular forces present among the atoms to explain
the different properties exhibited by the substances.

Melting and Boiling Points

Substance Molar Mass, Melting Point, K Boiling Point, K

g/mol
Fluorine (F2) 38 53 85
Bromine (Br2) 160 266 332
Astatine (At2) 420 575 610
1. Which molecules has the highest melting and boiling points?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. What intermolecular forces of interactions are present in each of the
molecules?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. How do the intermolecular forces present relate to the size of the molecule?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. How does the strength of the intermolecular forces present in each molecules
compared to each other?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. How does the strength of the intermolecular forces relate to the boiling and
melting points of the substances?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Deepen

Performance Task: The Driving Force

The school’s Supreme Student Government (SSG) just recently announced
the opening for membership for the following clubs:

• Health Club
• Engineering/Builders’ Club

13

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 • Sports Club
• Electronics and ICT Club
As membership requirements, one must make a 2-minute video clip showing
the relevance of science learning to advance the goal of the club they are joining.
Timely enough, because you have been dreaming about joining a club and you just
learned about the intermolecular force. So, how can you make a video presentation
that creatively shows the importance of the effect of intermolecular force on your
field of interest? The following rubric will guide you in making your presentation.

CRITERIA POOR FAIR GOOD EXCELLENT

(2) (3) (4) (5)
Organization The Some parts The The
presentation of the presentation presentation
was difficult to presentation was easy to was very easy
follow due to its was not follow. to follow
disorganization. easy to
follow.
Accuracy of It was hard to The student The student The student
language use understand due made some made a few communicate
to errors in its mistakes in mistakes in d well using
vocabulary and vocabulary vocabulary correct
grammar. and and vocabulary
grammar. grammar. and grammar.
Understanding Most of the Most Most All
of the Topic information information information information
was inaccurate presented in presented in presented in
or not clear. writing was writing was writing was
clear but clear, clear,
was not accurate and accurate and
usually thorough. thorough.
accurate.

Gauge

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What type of bond exists between oxygen (O2) molecules?

A. Covalent bond C. Dipole-dipole
C. Hydrogen bond D. London Dispersion

2. Which of the following refers to the weakest intermolecular attraction which

is formed due to temporary dipole?
A. Dipole-dipole B. Ion-dipole
C. Hydrogen bond D. London Dispersion

14

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 3. Each type of intermolecular force is characterized by its strength of
interaction. Which has the weakest interaction?
A. Dipole-Dipole Force B. Hydrogen Bond
C. Ionic Bond D. London Dispersion

4. Which of the following substances will exhibit dipole-dipole intermolecular

forces?
A. N2 B. CH3OH C. CO2 D. H2S

5. Which of the following atoms DOES NOT participate in hydrogen bonding?

A. C B. F C. O D. N

6. Which of the following is TRUE about intermolecular force? A. It is true to

ionic substances.
B. It only involves polar molecules.
C. It involves both polar and nonpolar molecules.
D. It is an attraction among atoms in a molecule.

7. Which of the following is TRUE about Hydrogen bond? A. It only exists

among water molecules.
B. It is the strongest intermolecular force.
C. It exists primarily among hydrocarbons.
D. It exists in all molecules regardless of their polarity.

8. Water is essential for living things like plants and animals to survive.
Among its many important characteristics, water acts to regulate
temperature and serves as the universal solvent. Which property of water
greatly contributes to these characteristics? A. Its ability to form
intramolecular forces.
B. Its ability to dissolve other polar substances.
C. Its ability to be transformed into different states of matter.
D. Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules.

9. Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are some of the most essential
substances that sustain life on earth. Which of the following statements is
TRUE about water and carbon dioxide? A. Water is nonpolar while carbon
dioxide is polar.
B. Both water and carbon dioxide can form hydrogen bonds
C. Water can form hydrogen bonds while carbon dioxide forms dipole-
dipole forces.
D. Water can form hydrogen bonds while carbon dioxide forms London
dispersion forces.

10. Adhesives like glue and masking tapes are used to stick different materials
together like papers, plastics, or tiles. Which type of substance would make
a better adhesive material and why?
A. Polar substance, because it can form stronger dispersion forces with
other substances.

15

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 B. Nonpolar substance, because it can create London dispersion force
with other nonpolar substances.
C. Nonpolar substance, because it can make stronger intermolecular
attraction with other substances.
D. Polar substance, because it can form stronger hydrogen bonds or
dipole- dipole forces of attraction with other substances.

11. Intermolecular forces affect the viscosity of a substance. Which of the

following BEST explains the effect of intermolecular force in the viscosity of
a substance?
A. Strong intermolecular force of attraction requires high heat energy to
cause the molecules to move easily.
B. Strong intermolecular force of attraction restricts movements of
molecules which caused the substance to resists flow.
C. Strong intermolecular force of attraction of molecules enables them to
move faster which cause the substance to flow easily. D. None of the
above.

For questions 12 to 13, please refer to the following experimental data.

Jestoni investigated the differences in the rate of evaporation of three
substances. He prepared 10 mL of each substance then left them in a cabinet for
one day. He then measured how much of each substance was left the following day.
Below are the data that he gathered from the investigation.
Substance Amount (mL)
A 10
B 4
C 7

12. Which of the substance is likely to be nonpolar?

A. Substance A B. Substance B
C. Substance C D. All substances are nonpolar

13. Which of the following is TRUE about the substances in the experiment?
A. All substances exhibit the same type of intermolecular force.
B. Substance A exhibits the strongest intermolecular force.
C. Substance A exhibits the weakest intermolecular force.
D. Substance B exhibits the strongest intermolecular force.

14. Which of the of the following BEST explains why ammonia is soluble in
water but not in hexane?
A. Ammonia molecules are repelled by water molecules.
B. Ammonia molecules form ionic bonds with water molecules.
C. Ammonia molecules form covalent bonds with
water molecules.
16

LU_Physical Science_Module3
 D. Ammonia molecules form hydrogen bonds with
water molecules.

15. Soaps are particularly useful for bathing and cleansing. Soap molecules
have both properties of nonpolar and polar at the opposite ends of its
molecule. How are these properties greatly affect the important use of
soaps?
A. Dirt or grease are converted by soap molecules into polar molecules
thus making them easy to be removed.
B. Dirt or grease are attracted to the polar ends of soap molecules by
dipole- dipole force thus effectively removing them.
C. Dirt or grease are attracted to the nonpolar ends of soap molecules by
dispersion force thus effectively removing them from surfaces.
D. Dirt or grease is immediately dissolved by soap molecules by creating
all types of intermolecular forces thus effectively removing them.

17

LU_Physical Science_Module3