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    Spanish Colonial Architectur

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    alexandracael
    Spanish colonial architecture in the Philippines was heavily influenced by Spanish styles and principles of urban planning, with the goal of systematically spreading Christianity and linking the islands economically and politically to Mexico. Notable architectural forms that developed included religious buildings like Baroque churches, the Bahay na Bato domestic structure that combined indigenous and Spanish influences, and the establishment of cities and towns organized around a central plaza according to the Laws of the Indies. These architectural and urban planning practices spread across the Philippines during 300 years of Spanish colonial rule from the 16th to the late 19th century.

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    Spanish Colonial Architectur

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    alexandracael
    12 views5 pages
    Spanish colonial architecture in the Philippines was heavily influenced by Spanish styles and principles of urban planning, with the goal of systematically spreading Christianity and linking the islands economically and politically to Mexico. Notable architectural forms that developed included religious buildings like Baroque churches, the Bahay na Bato domestic structure that combined indigenous and Spanish influences, and the establishment of cities and towns organized around a central plaza according to the Laws of the Indies. These architectural and urban planning practices spread across the Philippines during 300 years of Spanish colonial rule from the 16th to the late 19th century.

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    SPANISH-COLONIAL-ARCHITECTUR

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    Spanish colonial architecture in the Philippines was heavily influenced by Spanish styles and principles of urban planning, with the goal of systematically spreading Christianity and linking the islands economically and politically to Mexico. Notable architectural forms that developed included religious buildings like Baroque churches, the Bahay na Bato domestic structure that combined indigenous and Spanish influences, and the establishment of cities and towns organized around a central plaza according to the Laws of the Indies. These architectural and urban planning practices spread across the Philippines during 300 years of Spanish colonial rule from the 16th to the late 19th century.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    12 views5 pages

    Spanish Colonial Architectur

    Uploaded by

    alexandracael
    Spanish colonial architecture in the Philippines was heavily influenced by Spanish styles and principles of urban planning, with the goal of systematically spreading Christianity and linking the islands economically and politically to Mexico. Notable architectural forms that developed included religious buildings like Baroque churches, the Bahay na Bato domestic structure that combined indigenous and Spanish influences, and the establishment of cities and towns organized around a central plaza according to the Laws of the Indies. These architectural and urban planning practices spread across the Philippines during 300 years of Spanish colonial rule from the 16th to the late 19th century.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

    1521 – Ferdinand Magellan (discovered the Philippines)

    1564 – Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (Introduced Christianity)

    SPANISH RULE THE PHILIPPINES

    ➢ Systematically and efficiently Christianized majority of the Philippines archipelago


    ➢ Introduced European institution and thought.
    ➢ Economically linked Manila with Mexico and the rest of the world via Spanish Galleon trade
    ➢ 1521--1898 Spanish Colony
    ➢ 16th century the Spanish power overtook the islands of the Philippines.
    The builders of the period included Spanish friars, Chinese and native artisans’ architects from
    the mainland, and the maestros de obras.

    THE BRISTISH CONQUEST OF MANILA 1762

    ➢ September 23, 1762 – The British army arrived and land in Malate.

    SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

    1. Urban planning
    2. Religious buildings
    3. Bahay na Bato
    4. Civic and secular buildings

    INSTRUMENTS OR URBANISM

    ❖ Reduccion and encomienda system


    ❖ System of cities and towns
    ❖ Laws of the indies
    ❖ Colonial infrastructure

    Reduccion

    ➢ Forced urbanization and resettlement.


    ➢ Formerly scattered barangays were brought together and reduced in number and made into
    compact and larger communities to facilitate religious conversation and cultural change.
    ➢ Bajo de las Campana (under the sound of the bell)

    Ecomienda

    ➢ The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist (encomendero) who
    was mandated to allocate, allot, or distribute the resources of the domain.
    ➢ Polo y Servicio
    System of cities and towns

    ➢ Church as the locus of colonial power


    ➢ Cabecera – city
    ➢ Pobalcion – town
    ➢ Barrios – adjacent barangays
    ➢ Intramuros (history walled city) patterned after the wall fortresses of Europe reserve for
    the nobility and the clergy.
    ➢ Insulares (Spanish- born nationals)
    ➢ Peninsulares (Philippine – born nationals)
    ➢ Extramuros (living beyond the walls)
    ➢ Pueblo (villages outside the walls)
    ➢ Parian (a separate urban quarter designated to Chinese community)
    ➢ Dilao (Japanese community)

    Laws of the Indies

    ➢ The laws guided Spanish colonists on how to create and expand towns in Spanish
    territories in America and in the Philippines.
    ➢ The oldest colonial settlements on the Philippine archipelago were isolated forts and
    villages, surrounded by hostile Muslims territories and located along coastlines. All of the
    settlements were designed according to the provisions of the leyes de Indias.

    Characteristics

    ▪ Elevated locations
    ▪ Cuadricula (an orderly grid of streets)
    ▪ A central plaza, A defensive wall, and zones for churches, shop, government buildings,
    hospitals, and slaughterhouses.

    Urban Typology

    ▪ A regular grid city (gridiron), usually composed of rectangular blocks facing two sets of
    orthogonal streets.
    ▪ Main buildings facing the plaza mayor (main square)
    ▪ Secondary squares strategically placed to serve as centers for urban activities such as
    trading.
    ▪ Linear cities typology
    ▪ Cities were about 250 m in length and each square was about 46 m long and 20 m in
    depth.
    ▪ Plaza de Roma
    ▪ Ayuntamiento de manila (Casas Consistoriales) by Felipe Roxas
    - During the Spanish colonial era it was the seat of the manila cuty council
    - Currently the Bureau of the Treasury
    ▪ Palacio del Gobernador by Otillo Arellano
    - During the Spanish colonial era it was the residence of the Gobernador y Capitan
    General (governor- general)
    - Currently the office of the The Comelec and the HDMF
    ▪ Manila Cathedral by Fernando Ocampo
    - The Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception.

    Colonial infrastructure

    ➢ New building typologies and construction technologies were introduced.

    Religious Buildings (edifies for religious conversion churches)

    ➢ Church – church
    ➢ Convent – parish house or recto
    ➢ Campanarios – bell towers

    Parts of the church

    ➢ Altar Mayor – main altar


    ➢ Sagrario – tabernacle
    ➢ Pulpito – pulpit
    ➢ Retablo – elaborately ornamented altar screen
    ➢ Sacristia – where the priest and his assistants put on their robes before the mass.
    ➢ Coro – choir loft
    ➢ Tribunas – screened gallery

    Philippines churches

    ➢ Basilica Minore del Santo Nino (Cebu)


    - the oldest roman catholic church in the Philippines
    - By: Fray Juan de Albarran, O.S.A
    - Baroque
    ➢ Taal basilica (Batangas)
    - The largest church in asia
    - By: Luciano Oliver
    - Neo- Classical
    ➢ San Sebastian Church (Manila)
    - The only all- steel church in Asia
    - By: D. Genaro Palacios y Guerra
    - Neo- Classical
    ➢ Paoay Church (Ilocos Norte)
    - Aka San Agustin Church, Paoay
    - The best example of the localized Baroque architecture with its monumental and
    massive appearance.
    - By: Padre Antonio Estavillo
    - Earthquake Baroque
    ➢ San Agustin Church (Manila)
    - The oldest church in the Philippine known for its iconic two-paneled door with images
    of St. Agustine and St. Monica (Backdrop of Philippine floras)
    - Baroque
    ➢ Quiapo Church
    - Home of the black Nazarene
    - By: Juan Nakpil and Jose Marie Zaragoza
    - Baroque
    ➢ Barasoain Church (Malolos, Bulacan)
    - The barasoian church was chosen to be the site of the first Philippine Congress, more
    widely known as the Malolos Congress
    - Earthquake Baroque
    ➢ Tumauini Church (Isabela)
    - Unique for its expensive use of baked clay both for wall finishes and ornamental.
    - Baroque
    ➢ Miag-ao Church (Iloilo Province)
    - Showcase local botanical motifs on its facade reliefs which are reminiscent of cookie
    cutouts (de gajete)
    - Baroque
    ➢ Daraga Church (Albay)
    - Daraga was established as a settlement by people relocating from Cagasawa, who
    feared another eruption of the Mayon Volcano in that region. Identifiable by its
    cyclopean column.
    - Churrigueresque

    Conservation laws

    ➢ Legistations ensure the proper safeguarding, protection, conservation, management and use
    as religious structures of Philippine built heritage, as declared National Cultural Treasures,
    National Historical Landmarks, and as World Heritage Properties.
    ➢ RA10066 -National Heritage law
    ➢ RA10086 – National Historical Commission of the Philippines Law
    Schools
    ➢ University of Sto. Tomas (Sampaloc, Manila)
    - Oldest established university in Asia
    - The first earthquake- resistant building in the Philippines
    - Colegio or Universidad – found in urban areas.
    - Escuela Primaria - found in pueblos.
    - By: Fr. Roque Ruaño
    - Renaissance Rvival
    Domestics Buildings

    ➢ Accesorias (Apartment dwellings)


    - Evolved from the need of migrant laborers for cheap housing in commercial and
    industrial areas.
    - Vivienda – per unit, has a zaguan, sala, and sleeping quarters
    ➢ Bahay na Bato
    - A housing prototype which combined elements of the indigenous tp prevent the
    dangers posed by fire, earthquakes, and cyclones
    - Arquitectura mestiza – a nnew hybrid type of construction combining wood and stone.
    ➢ Bahay na Bato Characteristics
    - Generally has two storeys
    - The ground flooro is made of cut stone or brick, the upper of wood
    - Windows
    - Ground Floor – grillworks
    - Second Floor – Sliding shutters with Capiz shells or flass panels
    - Capped by a high hip roof with a45- degree-angle pitch
    ➢ Bahay na Bato Ground Floor
    1. Cochera – driveway or garage
    2. Zaguan – vestibule or storage; usually for caroza
    3. Entresuelo – mezzanine area, for offices or servants quarters
    4. Cuadra – horses stables
    5. Cucina – kitchen
    ➢ Bahay na Bato Second Floor
    1. Escalera – wooden staircase
    2. Caida – ante- sala; interior overhanging veranda; most immediate room from the
    stairs
    3. Sala – living room
    4. Latrina – toilet
    5. Baño – bathroom
    6. Cocina – kitchen
    7. Azotea – outdoor terrace, located beside a balon or over an aljibe (water cistern)
    8. Curtro – bedroom
    9. Galeria Volada – aka corredoor , flying wooden gallery
    10. Orotarrio – praying area
    11. Callado – wooden fretwork on top of partitions
    12. Ventanillas – vents beneath the windows still which reach to the floor
    13. Brandillas – wooden balusters

    PS: pa check lang ulit baka kulang or mali ang iba hehehe tnxxx - Dazzlerr

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