Getting Started

with Flutter
Jumail Bin Taliba
School of Computing, UTM
March 2020
 • Creating Flutter Projects
• Flutter Project Structure
Outline • Building UI by example
 • From VS Code
Several ways of • Using Flutter tool from
Command Line (Git Bash, Cmd
creating Flutter or Powershell)
projects • Clone from an existing project
 Creating Flutter Project from VS Code
1. In VS Code, open Command Palette, Ctrl Shift P
2. Choose from the menu, Flutter New Project
 Creating Flutter Project with CLI
1. Open Git Bash
2. Move to the directory where you save all your flutter projects.
cd d:/code/flutter

3. Create a new directory in it for your new project

mkdir flutter_counter

4. Move to the new project directory

cd flutter_counter

5. Run flutter tool to start creating the project (don’t forget the dot)
flutter create .

6. Open the source code into VS Code (don’t forget the dot)
code .
 Creating Flutter Project by cloning
1. Copy the folder of any of your existing project.
• You can clone from git file (created with git bundle), or from online repo (e.g. github)
• You can copy from a zip file, or a folder

In the following example, we are going to copy / clone from my project template
on github.

2. Clone my github repo (command below should be in one-line)

git clone https://github.com/jumail-
utm/flutter_template.git my_project

You can use any project name. Here, we use my_project

3. Move to the project directory

cd my_project
4. Run flutter tool to properly rename the project (don’t forget the dot)
flutter create –project-name .

5. Open the source code into VS Code (don’t forget the dot)
code .
Flutter Project Structure

you will work on this file(s)

to download dependencies
Basic Flutter Program
 For Convenience
• Install VS Code extensions
• Flutter
• Enable: UI guides
• Bracket Pair Colorizer
• Pub spec Assist

• Use USB debugging (i.e. running directly on real phone)

• Enable USB debugging and developer mode in your phone

• Use Hot Reload or Hot Restart when debugging your code

• Hot Reload : Ctrl F5
• Hot Restart : Ctrl Shift F5
 Introduction to Widgets
• What is a widget?
• The building blocks that construct the
application
• Widgets in Flutter are immutable
• Type of widgets:
• Stateless – does not change at all
• Stateful – can change to reflect the state
• Common widgets:
• App widgets (e.g. MaterialApp)
• Convenience widgets: Scaffold, NavigationBar,
AppBar
• Layout widgets: Column, Row, ListView
• Text widgets: Text, RichText
• Button widgets: IconButton, RaisedButton,
FloatingActionButton
• Graphics widgets: Image, Icon
Building UI, example: Whatsapp Clone
 Preparing Starter Project (1)
1. Open Git Bash

2. Clone my github repo (command below should be in one-line)

git clone https://github.com/jumail-
utm/flutter_whatsapp_ui

3. Move to the project directory

cd flutter_whatsapp_ui

4. Go to the starting point of the project and create a new branch to start
editing
git checkout b35b0b8 –b playground

5. Open the source code into VS Code (don’t forget the dot)
code .

6. Try running the program by pressing F5 (you want to choose an emulator

first)
 Git Basics
git log --oneline

1st commit 2nd commit

on master on master
last commit master
on master
b35b0b8 d679b34 f563d56
branch
Starter project Add appBar Remove Bottom…

git checkout b35b0b8 –b playground

Your new commit

playground
on playground branch
Preparing Starter Project (2)
Creating a Material App
Creating a Home Screen (1)
Creating a Home Screen (2)
 What is MaterialApp?
• A convenience widget that wraps a number of widgets
commonly required for applications that embraced material
design.
• It provides a bunch of things including:
• Theming
• Routing
• Main route (home)
• Localization

• MaterialApp is used to organize multiple screens for the app

 Scaffold
• Provides the basic visual layout structure based on material
design.
• It provides a bunch of things including:
• appBar
• drawer and endDrawer
• bottomNavigationBar
• Body
• floatingActionButton
• SnackBar

• Scaffold is commonly used to build UI for a screen

Scaffold Components (1)

appBar

body

floatingActionButton

bottomNavigationBar
 Scaffold Components (1)

drawer endDrawer
 AppBar Components

leading title actions

flexibleSpace

bottom
Adding AppBar
Adding TabBar

TabBar must have TabController

Adding TabView
Adding FloatingActionButton
bottomNavigationBar (1)
bottomNavigationBar (2)
AppBar’s flexibleSpace and SafeArea
 Refactoring
• As you progress building the UI, the widget tree grows very
quickly making the code less readable.
• Thus, it is important to refactor the code to make it more
readable and much easier to work with.
• Basic strategy is by splitting code into several pieces of code
rather than putting it in a single bulky one.

Code 1

Code 2
Single code refactor

Code 3

Code 4
 • Refactor to constants
• Refactor to methods and
How to functions
Refactoring • Refactor to classes
• Further refactoring: files and
directories
 How to Refactoring (1)
Before refactoring

Refactor to constant
Delegate widget creation
to variables

After refactoring
In VS Code:
Extract Local Variable
 How to Refactoring (2)
After refactoring

Refactor to method
Split code within the class

In VS Code:
Extract Method
 How to Refactoring (3)
After
refactoring

Refactor to function
Split code to outside of class

In VS Code:
Extract Method
 How to Refactoring (4)
After
refactoring

Refactor to class
Split code to different classes.
It iRecommended approach

In VS Code:
Extract Widget
 How to Refactoring (5)
• Further refactoring to separate files
• It is a good practice to use dedicated files and directory structure
• Easy to maintain
• Easy to scale
• Better for teamwork
• Example project
directory structure:
 Refactoring Our Code (1)
After
refactoring
Here, we are using
Refactoring to functions
 Refactoring Our Code (2)

Refactoring AppBar
 Refactoring Our Code (3)

Refactoring TabBarView and

FloatingActionButton
 • ListView (….)
Several ways to • ListView with collection-for
add ListView • ListView.builder (….)
Adding ListView – Approach 1, ListView()
Add to CHATS Tab, in function
_buildTabBarView()

This approach is suitable for list with known size

Adding ListView – Approach 2, with collection-for

This approach can be used for dynamic list

Adding ListView – Approach 3, ListView.builder()
• Another approach for dynamic list.
• It is recommended approach.
• Suitable for large list
• Removing itemCount will create an infinite list
Adding ListTile, the components

title
leading trailing
subtitle
Adding ListTile
 • Wrapped with Container
widget and specify decoration
• Wrapped width Card widgets
Several ways to • ListTile.divideTiles()
add separators • ListView.separated (….)
Adding Separator – Approach 1, wrapped with Container
Decorate the bottom border of the container from
the attribute decoration
Adding Separator – Approach 2, wrapped with Card
Adding Separator – Approach 3, ListTile.divideTiles()

For static list, used with ListView() constructor

Adding Separator – Approach 3, ListTile.divideTiles()
This example is the same as in the previous slide, except
this time high order method map is used instead of
collection for
Adding Separator – Approach 4, ListView.separated()

Has dedicated builder (callback) to build separator

Adding SnackBar
• In this example, a snakebar will pop up when a chat
message is long pressed
• Snackbar is called from a Scaffold
 • Adding drawers: drawer and
endDrawer
Drawer • Open drawer
programmatically
 Adding Drawer (1)

• Drawer is part of Scaffold. Add to Scaffold, in class Home

• Drawer is specified with the

attributes drawer and
endDrawer.

• To add the drawer menu on

AppBar automatically, do
not specify the attribute
leading and actions .

• If leading and actions

are specified manually, the
drawers will need to ben
opened programmatically.

• In the next example we are

going to add a drawer that
will open without needing
 Adding Drawer (2)

By not specifying the Unset the leading attribute of AppBar

leading attribute, it means

• Icon button for the drawer

on the AppBar will be
added automatically

• No explicit code for

opening the drawer. Default
code will be used
 Adding Drawer (3)
• Drawer can be built with any
widget.
Build the drawer with Drawer widget
• Common use case, using
ListView widget with
DrawerHeader on top
followed by ListTiles
 Open Drawer Programmatically (1)
Specify a callback for onTap of the last action button
By specifying the leading or of AppBar
actions attribute of
AppBar , it means

• Custom Icon button will b e

used for the drawer.

• The drawer will need to be

open programmatically.

In the next example, we are

going to open the
endDrawer
programmatically

Note that drawers are under

Scaffold, thus we need to open
the drawer from Scaffold
Open Drawer Programmatically (2)
Build the drawer with Drawer widget
 • Different ways to create flutter
projects
Summary • Introduction to Widgets
• Common widgets
• Refactoring