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Vectors 2 - Operations

The document discusses vector operations including addition, subtraction, and multiplication of vectors. For addition and subtraction, it provides the properties and definitions. Vectors can be added by adding the corresponding components. For subtraction, the reverse of the second vector is added. Scalar multiplication multiplies each component of a vector by the scalar. It also has associative, distributive, and other properties. The dot product of two vectors is the sum of the products of their corresponding components. It is commutative and satisfies other properties. Examples are provided to demonstrate vector addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and dot products.

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Salsabila Fitri
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27 views6 pages

Vectors 2 - Operations

The document discusses vector operations including addition, subtraction, and multiplication of vectors. For addition and subtraction, it provides the properties and definitions. Vectors can be added by adding the corresponding components. For subtraction, the reverse of the second vector is added. Scalar multiplication multiplies each component of a vector by the scalar. It also has associative, distributive, and other properties. The dot product of two vectors is the sum of the products of their corresponding components. It is commutative and satisfies other properties. Examples are provided to demonstrate vector addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and dot products.

Uploaded by

Salsabila Fitri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VECTORS OPERATIONS

MATH GRADE 10
ADDITION AND SUBSTRACTION
𝑎 𝑐
Let 𝑢 = and 𝑣 = then Properties of Vector Addition
𝑏 𝑑
1. Commutative : 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 𝑣 + 𝑢
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑐 2. Assosiative : 𝑢 + 𝑣 + 𝑤 = 𝑢 + (𝑣 + 𝑤)
𝑢+𝑣 = + =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏+𝑑 3. There is vector identity = 0
𝑎 −𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 𝑢+0= 0+𝑢=𝑢
𝑢 − 𝑣 = 𝑢 + −𝑣 = + = 4. Has invers of addition : 𝑢 + −𝑢 = 0
𝑏 −𝑑 𝑏−𝑑

1 5
Example: Given known 𝑢 =
and 𝑣 =
−3 7
1 5 1+5 6
𝑢+𝑣 = + = =
−3 7 −3 + 7 4
1 5 1−5 −4
𝑢−𝑣 = − = =
−3 7 −3 − 7 −10
Multiplication Of Vector by a Scalar
Properties :
𝑎
𝑢= and 𝑣 = 𝑘𝑢 which k ∈ ℝ 1. Assosiative : k(l𝑢) = (kl) 𝑢
𝑏
2. Distributive : k (𝑢 + 𝑣 ) = k 𝑢 + k 𝑣
𝑎 𝑘𝑎 3. Distributive : (k + l) 𝑢 = k 𝑢 + l 𝑢
𝑣 = 𝑘𝑢 = k =
𝑏 𝑘𝑏
2
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒: 𝑢 =
−4
2 3. 2 6
3𝑢 = 3 = =
−4 3. (−4) −12
Example: A (0, 3) and B(5, 2) Answer:
Find 2 𝐴𝐵 ? 5 0 5
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 − 𝑂𝐴 = − =
2 3 −1
5 10
2 𝐴𝐵 = 2 =
−1 −2
Multiplication of 2 Vectors
(Dot Product)
𝑥1 𝑥2
Let 𝑢 = 𝑦 and 𝑣 = 𝑦 , then 𝑢 . 𝑣 = x1 . x2 + y1 . y2
1 2

𝑥1 𝑥2
Let 𝑢 = 𝑦1 and 𝑣 = 𝑦2 , then 𝑢 . 𝑣 = x1 . x2 + y1 . y2 + z1 . z2
𝑧1 𝑧2

Properties:
1. 𝑢 . 𝑣 = 𝑣 . 𝑢
2. 𝑢 . 𝑣 + 𝑤 = 𝑢. 𝑣 + 𝑢. 𝑤
3. k(𝑢. 𝑣) = (k𝑢)𝑣 = 𝑢(k𝑣)
4. 𝑢. 𝑢 = 𝑢 2
Dot Product
Example
Given known point A (2, 2, 0), B (4, 6, 3) and C (1, 1, 4). 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎 , 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑏 , 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑐 , 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑝 and 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞.
Find 𝑎. 𝑏 , 𝑝. 𝑞 , 𝑝. 𝑝
Solution:
2 4 1
𝑎= 2 𝑏= 6 𝑐= 1
0 3 4
2 4
𝑎. 𝑏 = 2 . 6 = 8 + 12 + 0 = 20
0 3
4 2 2 1 2 −1
𝑝 = 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 - 𝑂𝐴 = 6 − 2 = 4 𝑞 = 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 - 𝑂𝐴 = 1 − 2 = −1
3 0 3 4 0 4
2 −1 2 2
𝑝. 𝑞 = 4 . −1 = - 2 + (-4) + 12 = 6 𝑝. 𝑝 = 4 . 4 = 4 + 16 + 9 = 29
3 4 3 3
Thanks &
Wassalam

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