Lab Report; Newton’s Law of Motion

Leader: Magsadia, Apphia Aubrey S. and Group Members: Fabregas, Karylle and Siruma, Jasper Bryan
STEM Strand, Department of Education, San Jose del Monte National High School, City of San Jose del
Monte, Bulacan 3023

Abstract. Newton’s First Law says that an object remains at rest or in motion until a balanced force acts on it. That
is common sense. An object doesn't move until you apply force, nor does it stop until you apply a counter force.
This experiment is a study of how the object will move or not when forces act upon them. The experiment is done
through stimulation where there are different values of static friction, applied force and angles used to calculate and
determine what value is needed to move the object and to what value the object won’t move.

I. Introduction
We conducted this laboratory activity to further understand and explore Newton's Law of Motion.
According to Newton's first law, if a body is at rest or moving in a straight line at a constant speed, it will
continue to move at that speed or remain at rest until acted with by a force. Based on the article by Sara
Assem (2023), Newton’s laws of motion are three physical laws that establish the science of kinematics.
These laws describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the force acting on it. For
example, when we kick the ball we exert force in a specific direction, which is the direction the ball will
move. In addition, the more forcefully the ball is kicked, the more force we apply to it and the further
away the ball is. It is easier to push an empty cart in a supermarket than to push a loaded cart.

In this experiment, we have two, the wooden box resting on a flat surface and another wooden box in an
inclined one. Here we observe the applied force on an object where we determine when or how the object
will move through a different applied force value with different static frictions on different angles. This
experiment will help us have a better way of understanding the amount of applied force that is needed to
move an object in different scenarios.

We have the coefficient of kinetic and static friction defined against a wooden surface in our first
experiment. We used different coefficients of static friction in applied force to make the object move. We
used the coefficients 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 and applied force values of 367N, 441N and 514N to make the
object move. On the other hand, in our second experiment we had a different type of surface which is an
inclined one where we observed when will the object starts to move with the angles of 15°, 30°, and 40°
by using the applied force values of 545N for the 15°, 685N will be the applied force for 30°, and last will
be the applied force value of 779N for 40°.

In obtaining the results needed in this experiment, we substitute the given values above which are the
values of static friction, angles, and the values of applied force in the experiment through the formula fa
= m • g to get the normal force, and fa=μs•g to get the theoretical value. In solving the theorem we used
the formula fa=μs•n(cosθ) + n(sinθ).

II. Methodology
The first step we do is open the link to the simulation, and then we start reading the procedure, and we
click on the introduction to friction. After that, we start to set the static friction, kinetic friction, object
position, and ramp page to zero, and the object mass is set to 75.0 kg. After that, we do procedure 1A,
where you will need to set all values to the initial parameters, set the applied force to 20 N, and then start
the motion, and repeat the procedure for 200 N and 400 N. In the 20 N, the object does not move because
of static friction inhibiting, but when we set the 200 N and 400 N, the object moves and accelerates.In
procedure 2a, you need to set the static friction to 0.5. When we successfully set the static friction, we
recognize that when we set the applied force to 20 N and 200 N, the object doesn't move, and because of
the static friction, that becomes higher, but when we set the applied force to 400 N, the object moves, but
it's not the same as in procedure 1A because the movement of the object becomes slow.

Theoretical we used the formula of fa = m •g to get the normal force we multiply the object mass (75.0
kg) and the gravity (9.8 m/s²) and after we get the normal force (735N) we use the formula of fa=μs•g to
get the theoretical and before we start the computation we decide to get the 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 for static
friction and we substitute the static friction (0.5) multiply normal force (735) and the answer is 367.5 and
we repeat the process but we change the static friction to 0.6 and we get 441 and we repeat again the
process and change the static friction to 0.7 and we get 514.5 and after we get the all theoretical we go
now to the relative error we just used the formula of measured value minus expected value all over
expected value times 100 and then we start computing the 367N-367.5N/367.5N x 100 and we get 0.14%
and to get the relative error of the other we just repeat the process and get the answer of 0% and 0.10%
and after that our table is complete

In this experiment B, we just change the object position to 5.0 m and the ramp angle to 15°, 30°, and 45°,
and after we set the simulation, we start doing experiment B. When we used 200 N and 400, the box
didn't move because of the static friction of 0.5, but when we used 600 N, the box moved, but it was slow.
After that, we go to procedure 3b, where we start to determine the maximum applied force before the
object moves at 15°, and we get 545 N. We repeat the procedure at 30° and 45°, and we get 685 N and
779 N.

To solve the theorem, we use the formula fa=s•n(cos) + n(sin) and after we find the formula we start to compute the 15° fa
 III. Results and Discussions
In this activity, we experienced difficulty in understanding how to solve these problems. It took us days
before understanding it. For us, we think that understanding this kind of solving is not that easy, so we try
our best to read carefully the instructions to be able to do solving in a proper way. We're okay in using
the formulas since it is discussed. The activities design kinda confuses us on how we will start to do it
because it is our first time to use a simulation, but the seconds, minutes, and hours come by and we start
to understand the whole thing in the simulation and finally answer the problems that are asked.

In experiment A, the table in there represents the values of the static forces that are given on the
experiment and our own value of static forces. As a result, the static friction values depend on the object
and the surface. When the static friction increases, so does the object's movement applied by a force. The
results in computing the values have low relative errors, it means that the measurements are accurate to
the theoretical value. In the end, the coefficient of static friction will make an object move that will also
affect the force applied into it.

In experiment B, the table in there represents the values of the angles that are given on the experiment. As
a result, the angle depends on the object and surface. When the angle increases, so does the object's
movement applied by a force. The results in computing the values have low relative errors, it means that
the measurements are accurate to the theoretical value. In the end, the angle will make an object move
that will also affect the force applied into it.
 IV. Summary and Conclusion
In this activity, Isaac's Laws of Motion performed. This activity gives the students a guide to solve the
given problems which is the simulation. The simulation that is used by the students is a big help to be able
to know the accurate illustrations of the specific situation, which is applying a force into the box on a
different surface. In the activity, it explains the application of Newton's First Law of Motion in a flat
surface and inclined surface. In the flat surface, the object will just stay at its position while in the
inclined surface, the object receives a force and even without a force it will still move. The laws of
motion explains that every kind of situation has a property and structure in terms of motions, of course. In
a specific way, the First Law of Motion indicates that the object will stay at a constant position unless
there is an applied force acting upon it.

Acknowledgement

First of all, I would like to say thank you, Lord, that we finished this lab report and lab activity although
we struggled a lot. Also, I want to say thank you to all the people who put in so much effort, hard work,
and dedication to finish this report, which are Jasper Bryan Siruma, Apphia Magsadia, and Karylle
Fabregas; without them, this lab report will not be finished. And lastly, I want to say thank you to Sir
Joseph Dalusong because giving new knowledge and creating this report is such a big help for the future
to have this amazing activity.

References
https://www.britannica.com/science/Newtons-laws-of-motion

https://blog.praxilabs.com/2021/02/24/applications-of-newtons-laws-of-motion-in-daily-life/
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%20easier%20to%20push,to%20push%20a%20loaded%20cart.