3

VOCABULARY prefixes and suffixes

UNIT PRONUNCIATION
LISTENING
stressed syllables
listening for reasons
GRAMMAR verbs + gerunds or infinitives
NOTE TAKING taking notes on an interview
Cultural Studies SPEAKING review: giving opinions

Unit Question

How do you choose

your food?
A Discuss these questions with your classmates.
1. Circle the adjectives that describe food. Compare with a partner.

active spicy dangerous sour

delicious close healthy difficult
fresh important salty sweet

2. Describe your favorite food. Where do you shop for food?

3. Look at the photos. Where do these people get their food?

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 UNIT Listen to some interviews. Use information and ideas to
OBJECTIVE
design a survey and interview a classmate.

B Listen to The Q Classroom online. Then

answer these questions.

1. What did the students say about the foods

they like?
2. Which student likes spicy food? Who doesn’t
eat sugar?
3. What foods do you like? For example, do you like
spicy food? Why or why not?

ONLINE C Go online to watch the video about a family’s food choices. Then check
your comprehension.

video vocabulary
grind (v.) to break something into very
small pieces or a powder
inviting (v.) asking someone to come to
an event or a place
locavore (n.) a person who eats only
food grown or made near home

ONLINE D Go to the Online Discussion Board

to discuss the Unit Question with
your classmates.

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 LISTENING

LISTENING Lifestyles and Food Choices

UNIT You are going to listen to a reporter interview people in a supermarket.
OBJECTIVE
Think about how you choose your food.

Preview the LISTENING

A. VOCABULARY Here are some words from the listening. Read the
definitions. Then complete the sentences below.

avoid (verb) to try not to do something

flavor (noun) the taste of food, like salty or sweet
ingredient (noun) one of the things that are used to make food
nutritious (adjective) good for you
organic (adjective) natural; organic food has only natural ingredients
social (adjective) likes to be with other people
vegetarian (noun) a person who does not eat meat
Oxford 2000 keywords

1. I put tomato sauce, garlic, cheese, and onions in my pasta.

It has a lot of .

2. Fruits are . For example, oranges have vitamin C.

3. Rob is a person. He spends a lot of time with

his friends.
ingredients
4. Amanda and Matt food with a lot of fat. For
example, they don’t eat French fries or cheeseburgers.

5. Lemons are sour, but oranges have a sweet .

6. Sam doesn’t eat chicken or beef. He’s a .

7. John buys his food at a health-food store. He eats only

food.

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 Tip for Success B. Answer the questions. Then compare with a partner.
Artificial means not
natural or real. Some 1. What is an example of a food with a strong flavor?
food has artificial
ingredients. These 2. Are you a vegetarian or do you eat meat?
are made by people.
3. How often do you eat organic food?
4. Do you avoid food with artificial ingredients?
Why or why not?
5. Name three foods that are very nutritious.

ONLINE C. Go online for more practice with the vocabulary.

D. PREVIEW You are going to listen to a reporter interview four people.

She asks, “How do you choose your food?” She learns about the way
the people live.

What questions do you think about when you choose your food?
Check (✓) the questions.

1. ■ Is it good for me? 5. ■ Does it taste good?

2. ■ Does it have a lot of sugar in it? 6. ■ How much does it cost?
3. ■ Does it have a lot of fat in it? 7. ■ Is it easy to get or use?
4. ■ Is it organic? 8. ■ Does it have meat in it?

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 WORK WITH THE LISTENING
A. Listen to the four conversations. Write T (true) or F (false) for each
sentence. Correct the false statements.

1. Carlos eats all foods.

2. Mika likes to make dinner for her friends.

3. Matt eats a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables.

4. Matt is 61 years old.

5. Sarah likes to cook at home.

6. Sarah is a busy student.

B. Look at the chart. Then listen again. Check (✓) the correct information
about each person.

Carlos Mika Matt Sarah

✓
■ ■ ■ ■ a. is a vegetarian.
■ ■ ■ ■ b. eats only organic food.
■ ■ ■ ■ c. likes to taste new flavors.
I’m very careful
about food. ■ ■ ■ ■ d. thinks meat is bad for you.
■ ■ ■ ■ e. doesn’t have a kitchen.
■ ■ ■ ■ f. avoids food with a lot of fat
and salt.
■ ■ ■ ■ g. chooses food that is easy to
get or use.
■ ■ ■ ■ h. eats nutritious food, like fish.
■ ■ ■ ■ i. is 71 years old.

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 C. Write answers to the questions.

1. Which two speakers are the most similar? How?

2. Which two speakers are the most different? How?

3. Which speaker is most similar to you? How?

4. Which speaker is most different from you? How?

5. Think about the unit video and the listening. How are Maggie Arroyos
and Mika similar?

D. Complete the Venn diagram. Show how you and the speaker from
question 3 in Activity C are similar and different.
Speaker: You

E. Who is more careful about food choices? Number the people from 1
(most careful) to 4 (least careful). Talk with a partner. Compare and
explain your answers.

 Carlos Matt

 Mika Sarah

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 ONLINE F. Go online to listen to Breakfast in Different Countries and check your
comprehension.

Building Vocabulary Prefixes and suffixes

A prefix comes at the beginning of a word. It changes the meaning of the
word. A suffix comes at the end of a word. It often changes the part of speech.
Learners’ dictionaries usually give definitions for prefixes and suffixes. Other
dictionaries often list them at the back.
The prefixes non- and un- mean “not.” The suffix -free means “without,” and it
changes a noun (sugar) into an adjective (sugar-free). Look at the definitions.

Prefix Suffix
non- -free
not: nonfiction (= writing that is about real (in adjectives) not containing the (usually bad)
people, events) w a nonstop flight thing mentioned: sugar-free cola w fat-free
yogurt w a smoke-free environment w a tax-
free savings account

Prefix
un-
not; the opposite of: unhappy w untrue (= not
true) w unlock w undress (= to take clothes off)

All dictionary entries are from the Oxford Basic American Dictionary for learners of English © Oxford University Press 2011.

A. Read the sentences. Complete each sentence with a word in the box.

nondairy salt-free unfriendly unsafe

nonfat sugar-free unhealthy unusual

■ 1. I worry about foods with a lot of fat. I drink only

milk.

■ 2. I eat a lot of junk food, like chips, cookies, and cake. I never exercise.

I’m often sick. I’m very .

■ 3. She doesn’t talk to anyone. She’s very .

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 ■ 4. I’m allergic to food with milk, cheese, or butter. I eat only

food.

■ 5. I don’t eat food with a lot of salt in it. Salt is bad for my health. I try

to eat food.
I’m allergic to food
with milk. ■ 6. I only eat organic food. I think food with artificial ingredients is

.
INGREDIENTS: Flour (bleachedAll Soy table
grade potassium bromate, margarine, 7. I avoid food and drinks with sugar. I try to have only
■
(Interesterfied soybean oil, mono and
diglycerides, lecithin, sodium benzoate
(preservative), artificial flavor, partially food and drinks.
hydrogenated palm oil, caramel color,
propylene glycol, tricalcium phos
sodium bicarbonate, salt, propylyne
8. I like to try
■ foods. I don’t like to eat the same
artificial ingredients kind of food every day.

B. Check (✓) the items in Activity A that are true for you. Then compare
your answers with a partner.

C. Find three words with non-, un-, or -free in the dictionary. Write three
true sentences about your life with those words.

ONLINE D. Go online for more practice with prefixes and suffixes.

Pronunciation Stressed syllables

In words with two or more syllables, you usually stress one syllable. You say
the syllable with more energy. In these words, the bold syllables are stressed.
or • gan • ic    veg • e • tar • i • an    un • friend • ly

A. Listen to the words. Circle the stressed syllables. Then practice with
a partner.

1. de • li • cious   6. su • gar • free

2. al • ler • gic   7. gar • den
3. un • health • y   8. din • ner
4. ed • u • ca • tion   9. non • dai • ry
5. in • gre • di • ent 10. com • mu • ni • ty

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 B. Listen to the sentences. Circle the stressed syllables in words with two
or more syllables.

Tip for Success 1. In my opinion, artificial ingredients are unsafe.

We usually don’t
stress words
2. He doesn’t eat chicken or beef.
like pronouns,
prepositions, and 3. He wants to lose weight, so he’s on a diet.
articles. See the
Pronunciation box 4. This soup has an unusual flavor.
on page 31 for
more information. 5. Are these cookies sugar-free?
6. She grows organic tomatoes in her garden.

C. Listen again. Underline the stressed words in the sentences.

ONLINE D. Go online for more practice with stressed syllables.

Listening Skill Listening for reasons

Speakers use reasons to explain their actions. In conversations, speakers often
use why to ask for reasons. They use because to give reasons.
A: Why do you eat sugar-free food? A: Why don’t you eat fast food?
B: Because sugar is bad for your teeth. B: Because it has artificial
ingredients in it.

Listen for these two key words—why and because—to understand reasons.

A. Read the sentences. Then listen to the conversations. Circle the answer to
each question.

1. Why does John buy only organic apples?

a. Because they are cheap. c. Because he likes the flavor.
b. Because they’re good for him. d. Because they’re sweet.
2. Why does Amanda avoid fattening foods?
a. Because she doesn’t like them. c. Because they’re bad for her health.
b. Because she wants to lose weight. d. Because she’s allergic.
3. Why does James want to go out for dinner?
a. Because his friend is a terrible cook. c. Because it’s cheap.
fattening foods
b. Because he is a terrible cook. d. Because he doesn’t have any
food at home.

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 4. Kay’s Kitchen is Anna’s favorite restaurant. Why?
a. Because it’s near her house. c. Because their food is cheap.
b. Because their food is delicious. d. Because it’s organic.

B. Are you similar to John, Amanda, James, or Anna? Tell your classmates.
I think I’m similar to John. We both like organic food.

ONLINE C. Go online for more practice with listening for reasons.

SAY WHAT YOU THINK

A. Answer these questions.

Tip for Success B. Discuss your answers with a partner.

You can use Why A: Do you eat meat?
don’t you…? or
Why doesn’t he /
B: Yes, I do.
she…? to ask why A: Why?
someone doesn’t
do something. B: Because it’s delicious and I like the flavor.

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 SPEAKING
UNIT At the end of this unit, you are going to design a survey about food and
OBJECTIVE
interview a classmate.

Grammar Verbs + gerunds or infinitives

1. Gerunds and infinitives are usually words for activities.
• A gerund is a base verb + -ing: eating, cooking, baking.
• An infinitive is to + a base verb: to eat, to cook, to bake.

2. Verbs + gerunds You can use gerunds after these verbs.

subject verb gerund

We enjoy cooking.
I avoid buying fast food.

3. Verbs + infinitives You can use infinitives after these verbs.

subject verb infinitive

He tries to eat only organic food.

We need to make dinner.
They want to eat only healthy food.

4. Verbs + gerunds or infinitives You can use gerunds or infinitives after

these verbs.

subject verb gerund or infinitive

to eat at home.
He likes
eating at home.
to shop at Bob’s Market.
We hate
shopping at Bob’s Market.
to go out to dinner.
They love
going out to dinner.
to cook.
I can’t stand
cooking.

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 A. Listen to the sentences. What do you hear? Circle the gerund
or infinitive.

1. to cook / cooking   6. to avoid / avoiding

2. to eat / eating   7. to cook / cooking
3. to shop / shopping   8. to eat / eating
4. to buy / buying   9. to eat / eating
5. to eat / eating 10. to go / going

B. Complete the conversation with the correct infinitive or gerund forms.

In some sentences, both a gerund and an infinitive are correct.

Mary: Sun-Hee, I have to make dinner for my husband’s parents on Friday

night. I’m so nervous. Can you help me?

Sun-Hee: Sure, I love (cook). What kinds of food do

1
they like (eat)?
2

Mary: Well, my mother-in-law enjoys (try) new

3
things, but my father-in-law avoids (eat) a lot of
4
different things. For example, he’s allergic to dairy foods, and he tries
(avoid) foods with a lot of salt.
5

Sun-Hee: What do they like?

Mary: Um, they like chicken and fish. And they like vegetables.

Sun-Hee: All right. I have a great recipe for roast chicken and vegetables.
It’s spicy, but it’s not very salty.

Mary: That sounds perfect! Thanks so much. I try

6
(cook), but I’m not very good in the kitchen.
spicy
Sun-Hee: No problem. What time do you want (start)?
7

Mary: How about 3:00?

Sun-Hee: Great! I’ll see you then!

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 C. Complete the sentences with information about food. Use a verb +
infinitive or gerund in each sentence. Share your ideas with a partner.

avoid buy drink feel go have make

bake cook eat find grow listen tell

1. I want to grow a garden at home.

2. I need

3. I try

4. I like

5. I love

6. I hate

ONLINE D. Go online for more practice with verbs + gerunds or infinitives.

E. Go online for the grammar expansion.

Unit Assignment Design a survey and interview a classmate

UNIT In this assignment, you are going to design a survey and interview a
OBJECTIVE
classmate about his or her food choices. Think about the Unit Question,
“How do you choose your food?” Use the listening, the unit video, and
your work in this unit. Look at the Self-Assessment checklist on page 50.

CONSIDER THE IDEAS

U4_12 Listen to the interview. Match the questions to the student’s answers.
tian
ch 1. What’s your favorite food? a. Because I’m allergic to them.
2. Do you think organic food is good b. Nonfat yogurt.
for you?
3. Why do you avoid strawberries? c. I don’t know.
4. What do you usually eat for d. Because it fills me up
breakfast? and gives me energy.
5. Why do you choose nonfat e. Pizza.
It fills me up. yogurt?

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 Prepare and Speak
A. FIND IDEAS Work with a partner. Write ten interview questions.
• Write questions about food likes, dislikes, choices, and opinions.
• Include questions with gerunds and infinitives.

B. ORGANIZE IDEAS Work with your partner and prepare your survey.

1. Look at your ten questions from Activity A. Circle your four best
questions. Include at least one opinion question.
2. Write your questions. Leave room for answers and follow-up questions.

Note-taking Skill Taking notes on an interview

Before you interview someone, write your interview questions on a piece of
paper. Leave room below each question for notes and follow-up answers. Don’t
write complete sentences for the answers. Write only the most important words.
Read this sample from an interview.

Q: What are your favorite foods?

A: W
 ell, I like pizza a lot. I also really like teriyaki chicken. Cherries are my
favorite fruit.
Q: What foods do you eat every day?
A: L et’s see. I eat yogurt every morning for breakfast. I also have rice with
my dinner every day. Sometimes I have rice at lunchtime, too.

Look at the sample notes below. Notice the note-taker left room for notes
about the speaker’s answers and wrote only the most important words.

Q: What are your favorite foods?

A: pizza, teriyaki chicken, cherries
Q: What foods do you eat every day?
A: yogurt, rice

ONLINE C. Go online for more practice with taking notes on an interview.

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 Skill Review Giving opinions

Tip for Success When you are answering an interviewer’s questions, remember to use the
phrases In my opinion, and I think that to give your opinion. Review the
When you want
more information,
Speaking Skill box in Unit 2 on page 32.
you can ask a
follow-up question.
For example:
Why is it your favorite? D. SPEAK Follow these steps. Look at the Self-Assessment checklist
Why not? below before you begin.

1. Each partner works individually. Use the questions to interview another

student in your class. Take notes on his or her answers.
Critical Thinking Tip 2. Look over your notes. Are they clear? Make changes and add words to
Activity C asks you to make your notes clearer.
tell the class about
your answers. You 3. Work with your partner. Check your notes. Did you write your
have to summarize partner’s answers correctly?
the information.
This shows you
understand the ideas.
4. Compare your answers with your partner’s answers. How are the
answers the same or different? Share your ideas with the class.

ONLINE Go online for your alternate Unit Assignment.

Check and Reflect

A. CHECK Think about the Unit Assignment as you complete the
Self-Assessment checklist.

SELF-ASSESSMENT
Yes No
■ ■ Our interview questions were clear.
■ ■ I used vocabulary from this unit.
■ ■ I used gerunds and infinitives correctly.
■ ■ I gave reasons for my opinions when answering questions.

ONLINE B. REFLECT Go to the Online Discussion Board to discuss these questions.

1. What is something new you learned in this unit?

2. Think about the Unit Question—How do you choose your food? Is your
answer different now than when you started this unit? If yes, how is it
different? Why?

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 Track Your SUCCESS

Circle the words you have learned in this unit.

Nouns unhealthy grow

flavor unsafe hate
ingredient unusual have
vegetarian Verbs like
Adjectives avoid listen
nondairy bake love
nonfat buy make
nutritious cook need
organic drink (can’t) stand
salt-free eat start
social enjoy tell
sugar-free feel try
unfriendly find want
go Conjunction
because

Oxford 2000 keywords

Academic Word List

Check (✓) the skills you learned. If you need more work on a skill, refer to the
page(s) in parentheses.

Vocabulary I can use prefixes and suffixes. (p. 42)

PRONUNCIATION I can recognize stressed syllables. (p. 43)
LISTENING I can listen for reasons. (p. 44)
Grammar I can use gerunds and infinitives correctly. (p. 46)
NOTE TAKING I can take notes during an interview. (p. 49)
SPEAKING I can give an opinion. (p. 50)

UNIT I can use information and ideas to design a

OBJECTIVE survey and interview a classmate.

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