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First Year Engineering (FE SEM I/II)

ENGINEERING PHYSICS
(2019 Pattern)
Solution With Appropriate Answers
Instruction to the candidate
1) Answer Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q.5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8.
2) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Tips to Remember You Start Writing Answer Sheet

1) Read the question carefully.
2) Plan your answer before writing.
3) Start with a strong introduction.
4) Organize your thoughts in a logical manner.
5) Support your arguments with evidence and examples.
6) Use clear and concise language.
7) Be specific and precise in your responses.
8) Address all parts of the question.
9) Manage your time effectively.
10) Review and revise your answers.

These points should help you structure and write your answers
effectively during the exam. Good luck!
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प्र.क्र./Q. No.

Q. 1
 i) a)𝜆 =
ℎ
𝑚𝑣

 ii) c) De Broglie

 iii) d) > 5 eV

 iv) c) Photovoltaic effect

 v) a) μr = 1 + μ0

 vi) d) Resistance

 vii) c) Greater than 20 kHz

 viii) b) Surface to volume ratio is large

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प्र.क्र./Q. No.

Q. 2
 a) - to derive the equation for energy of the particular infinite potential we need
to use Schroedinger’s time independent wave equation,
it is given by -

_______(1)

- Now, the motion of the particle is along x-axis. Therefore above equation becomes,

_______(2)

_______(3)

the Eqn. (2) is total differential equation of second order with imaginary roots, and
there general solution will consist two arbitrary constants.

- So the solution of equation (2) can be taken as,

Ψ(x) = Aeikx + Be-ikx ___________ (4)

- Applying boundary conditions, Ψ(0) = 0 =and Ψ(L) = 0. from eqn.(4) we get,

- From first boundary condition, Ψ(0) = 0.

Ψ(0)= A+B = 0 …… ∵ B = - A

- from second boundary condition, Ψ(L) = 0.

Ψ(L) = AeikL + Be-ikL = 0

- putting B = - A we get,
AeikL - Ae-ikL = 0

- Multiplying and dividing by 2i. we get

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प्र.क्र./Q. No.

Q. 2

OR 2i Asin k L= 0 ________(5)

As A ≠ 0, we get
sin k L = 0
and kL= nπ, where n = 1, 2, 3,
therefore, k = nπ/L _________________ (6)

From equations (3) and (6), we have

- Above equation gives the energy values of the particle and it is evident that the
energy of the particle can have only certain specific values as specified by above
equation
- These energy values are called 'Eigen values'.

 b) wave function (Ψ):

- the wave function (denoted as Ψ) is a mathematical representation used in
quantum mechanics to describe the behavior of particles and systems.
- It provides information about the probability distribution of a particle's position or
momentum.
- wave function Ψ must satisfy certain conditions to be considered well-behaved.
- These conditions ensure that the wave function is physically meaningful and can
be used to make reliable predictions.
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प्र.क्र./Q. No.

Q. 2
- mathematical conditions of a well-behaved wave function:

1. Normalization Condition:
- The wave function must be normalized, meaning that the total probability of
finding the particle in all possible states must equal 1.
- Mathematically, this condition is expressed as:
∫|Ψ(x)|2 dx = 1
where,
|Ψ(x)|2 represents the probability density function (PDF), and the integral is
taken over all possible values of x.

2. Continuity Condition:
- The wave function should be continuous everywhere, including at the boundaries
of the system.
- This condition ensures that the wave function is well-defined and does not exhibit
any abrupt changes or discontinuities.

3. Single-Valuedness Condition:
- The wave function should be single-valued, meaning that it should have a unique
value at every point in space.
- This condition ensures that there are no ambiguities or inconsistencies in the
description of the particle's behavior.

4. Square Integrability Condition:

The wave function should be square-integrable, which means that the integral of
the absolute square of the wave function over all space must be finite.
Mathematically, this condition is expressed as:
∫|Ψ(x)|2 dx < ∞
- This condition ensures that the probability of finding the particle anywhere in
space is finite.
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प्र.क्र./Q. No.

Q. 2
 c) Given data:
𝐸 = 10keV = 10 × 103 × 1.6 × 10−19

- by using formula,

ℎ
. 𝜆 = -----------------(1)
√2𝑚𝐸
where,
ℎ = 6.6 × 10−34
𝑚 = 9.1 × 10−31
E = 104 × 1.6 × 10−19

putting the above value in eqn (1) we get,

6.6 × 10−34
𝜆 =
√2 × 9.1 × 10−31 × 104 × 1.6 × 10−19

𝜆 = 1.22 × 10−11

𝝀 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟐 𝐀𝟎

Hence the De Broglie wavelength associated with this electon is 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟐 𝐀𝟎

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प्र.क्र./Q. No.

Q. 3
 a) De Broglie Hypothecis
- De Broglie proposes that particles, such as electron can exhibit wavelength Wave
like a beamer’s the behaviours
- according to his hypothesis every particle with a momentum has an associated
with a wavelength and this wavelength is given by the de Broglie’s wavelength
equation as
h
λ= ,
p

where,
λ is the wavelength
h is the Planck’s constant
p is the momentum of the particles
Consider a system associated with a particle. Let (x, y, z) be the coordinates of the
particle and let ψ denote the wave displacement of matter waves at time t.

- the wave equation for a three-dimensional wave with wave velocity u can be
written as
∂2 ψ 2
∂2 ψ ∂2 ψ ∂2 ψ
= u ( 2 + 2 + 2)
∂t 2 ∂x ∂y ∂z
∂2 ψ
2
= u2 ∇2 ψ ---------------- [1]
∂t

∂2 ∂2 ∂2
where ∇2 = 2
+ 2
+ is the 'Laplacian operator'
∂x ∂y ∂z2

The solution of equation [1] is

ψ(x, y, z, t) = ψ0 (x, y, z)e−i ⋅ t ---------------- [2]

- where ψ0 (x, y, z) represents the amplitude of the wave at the point considered.

- the position vector of a point whose Cartesian coordinates are (x, y, z) is given by
r⃗ = xî + yĵ + zk̂
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