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Electronics Lab3

1) Kirchhoff's laws state that the total current entering a junction must equal the total current leaving and that the algebraic sum of the voltages around any closed loop is equal to zero. 2) Key terms are defined, including nodes, branches, and loops. A node is a junction point, a branch is the path between two nodes through a circuit element, and a loop is a closed path that returns to the starting node without repeating any nodes. 3) Example circuits are given and exercises posed to solve for various currents and voltages using Kirchhoff's laws. A lab task is described to build a circuit using batteries and resistors and check calculations with measurements.

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Kyrillos Amgad
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32 views6 pages

Electronics Lab3

1) Kirchhoff's laws state that the total current entering a junction must equal the total current leaving and that the algebraic sum of the voltages around any closed loop is equal to zero. 2) Key terms are defined, including nodes, branches, and loops. A node is a junction point, a branch is the path between two nodes through a circuit element, and a loop is a closed path that returns to the starting node without repeating any nodes. 3) Example circuits are given and exercises posed to solve for various currents and voltages using Kirchhoff's laws. A lab task is described to build a circuit using batteries and resistors and check calculations with measurements.

Uploaded by

Kyrillos Amgad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electronics (ER1730)

Lab 3

Kirchhoff's laws
1) Kirchhoff’s current law:
In a closed electric circuit, Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that the total current entering a
junction, or a node equals the charge leaving the node as no charge is lost .
This law is commonly referred to as the rule of Conservation of Charge.

In other words:

Σ Currents entering a node = Σ Currents exiting a node


Or:
Σ Currents entering a node +(─Σ Currents exiting a node) =0

2) Kirchhoff’s Voltage law:


For a closed loop series path the algebraic sum of all the voltages around any closed loop
in a circuit is equal to zero. This is because a circuit loop is a closed conducting path so no
energy is lost.
This law is commonly referred to as the law of Conservation of Energy

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Circuit Terminology:
Nodes of Electric Circuit
The point through which a circuit element is connected to the circuit is called node. It is better to
say, node is a point where, a terminal of two or more circuit elements are connected together.
Node is a junction point in the circuit.

If there is no element between two or more connected adjacent nodes, these nodes can be
recombined as a single node:

So, the above circuit can be redrawn as follows:

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Branch of Electric Circuit
The elements connected to an electric circuit are generally a two-terminal element. When, one
circuit element is connected to the circuit, it connects itself through both of its terminals, to be a
part of a closed path.
Any of the circuit elements, when connected to the circuit, it is definitely connected between two
nodes of the circuit. When an element exists between two nodes, the path from one node to
another through this element is called branch of the circuit.
The branch of an electric circuit can be defined more precisely, as the portion of the circuit
between two nodes which can deliver or absorb energy. As per this definition, the short circuit
between two nodes is not referred as branch of electric circuit.

Loops in Electric Circuit


An electric circuit has numbers of nodes. If one starts from one node and after going through a set
of nodes returns to same starting node without crossing any of the intermediate node twice, the
one has travelled through one loop of the circuit.

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Exercises:
1) Find the value of I in the circuit shown below:

2) Find the value of R for the circuit below:

3) Find all the currents and voltages across each resistor and cell in the following circuit

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4) Find the value of the current i shown in the circuit below:

5) Obtain V1 through V4 for the circuit shown below:

6) Find the current I in the circuit shown

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Lab Task:
You are given a 9V battery, a 3V battery, 2 10 ohm resistors, a 100ohm resistor and a 51ohm
resistor, and asked to connect them as follows:

Use Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws to find the current in all the branches and the voltage
across all the resistors, then connect an ammeter in all three branches and a voltmeter across all
resistors in the circuit to check that your calculated values are consistent with the values read by
the voltmeter and ammeter.

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