The E-icacy of Potato

Starch As A Makeshi:
Biodegradable Plastic
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A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
FEU High School
Email
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the course:
Practical Research 2
Did you find this document useful?
Barril, Leah Dane D.
Castor, Trisha Yani A.
Cupiado, Kyrex Vann F.
Eleda, Laurice Angel V.
Gutierrez, Varon E.
Jonatas, Allyza Jay L.
Mingoy, Precious Gionna E.
Is this content inappropriate? Report this DocumentPillejera, Kaye R.
Quebral, Hayle Aico B.
Saygo, Jesse May C.
Sy, Jasmine Angel
Vargas, Shana Lei B.

Mr. Ryan Victorio

Research Adviser

February 2021

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It is a great opportunity for the researchers to write and finish their proposed research entitled, “The

Efficacy of Potato Starch as a Makeshift Biodegradable Plastic”. The researchers allotted seven (7)

months for the research to be finalized and complete. With this, the researchers would like to extend

their gratitude to these respective people for their never-ending support and guidance. First and

foremost, the researchers thank the almighty God for giving them the strength, motivation, and

wisdom to conquer all the difficulties and challenges they faced throughout this research. The

researchers would like to also extend our appreciation to the Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics Faculty of FEU High School for all the guidance they have offered and displayed. To

Mr. Romar Vincent Cabutaje, their Practical Research II adviser for helping the researchers

assessing and finalizing their proposed research topic. The researchers share their appreciation to

Mr. Cabutaje for guiding them to have their proposed research topic approved. Mr. Cabutaje has

shown us nothing but support up until the making of our Chapter I to Chapter III. Similarly, Mr.

Ryan Victorio, their Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion research adviser who guided and helped

them in every step in completing the research. Additionally, the researchers are beyond grateful for

having Mr. Victorio as their research adviser for correcting, giving possible options, and always

ready to share his knowledge in creating a research paper with the researchers. Mr. Victorio has

always been an inspiration to the researchers for giving them constant advice and alternatives in

doing the data collection and analysis, as well as helping them come up with an accurate and precise

Conclusion. To the researchers’ respective families, for their never-ending support, guidance,

constant love, prayers, sacrifices, understanding, and continuous encouragement. Lastly, the

researchers also extend their most sincere gratitude to their friends for being supportive, and always

motivating them while conducting and pursuing the study.

DEDICATION

The researchers dedicated this study to the future consumers of biodegradable plastics for them to

gain knowledge and the will to switch to bioplastics once manufactured.

This study is also wholeheartedly dedicated to the researchers’ parents, who have been

showering them with constant support until their research was fully finished and complete. For

months, their parents have been their source of inspiration and strength to continue conducting their

research, as well as, continually giving them their moral, emotional and spiritual support.

To the researchers’ research adviser/s who’ve continuously shared their knowledge,

guidance, and encouragement to finish this study. The researchers dedicate this research to them for

they have never failed to teach and helped them in completing this study.

To the researchers’ siblings and friends, who have always been a constant source of support

and motivation during the duration of the making of the study.

To FEU High School for the purpose of developing and enriching each student's knowledge

in order for the student to achieve maximum fulfillment and become an effective unit as an

individual.

And most of all, to our almighty God, for giving them the strength, protection, skills, and

power of the mind to come up with this research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.
Title Page i

Acknowledgment ii

Dedication iii

Table of Contents v

List of Tables vi

List of Figures vii

List of Appendices viii

Abstract ix

Chapter One: The Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study 8

Theoretical Framework 9

Conceptual Framework 10

Statement of the Problem 11

Research Hypotheses 12

Significance of the Study 13

Scope and Delimitations 14

Definition of Terms 15

Chapter Two: Review of Related Literature and Studies

Potato Starch in Bioplastics 16

Biodegradability of Potato Starch in Bioplastics 18

Procedures and preparation of Bioplastics 21

Durability and Tensile Strength of Starch-based Bioplastics 22

Water absorbability of starch-based bioplastics 26

The Effects and Outcomes of Starch-based Bioplastics 27

Proportion and amount of Potato Starch 30

Starch-based Bioplastics 34

Synthesis of Related Literature and Studies 36

4

Chapter Three: Methodology

Research Design 37

Research Locale and Sampling Technique 38

Materials and Instruments 39

Data Collection Procedure 39

Data Analysis Procedure 44

Ethical Considerations 44

Chapter Four: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

The Properties of Biodegradable Plastic Made from Potato Starch 46
The Differences among the Varying Amount of Potato Starch in terms of its
51
Efficacy
The Durability of Bioplastic Containing 10g of Potato Starch Compared with 15g
57
and 20g
The Changes Observed on the Bioplastics Placed Under the Soil for Three Weeks 58

Chapter Five: Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Summary of Findings 62
Conclusions 63
Recommendations 64

References 65
Appendices 71
Curriculum Vitae 101

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework 10

Figure 2 Schematic Diagram 39

5

Figure 3 Durability 51

Figure 4 Shredding Time 53

Figure 5 Water Absorption 55

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A: Permit to Conduct Research 71

Appendix B: Research Materials 72

Appendix C: RRL Matrix 75

Appendix D: Letter of Response 82

Appendix E: Experimentation 94

Appendix F: Raw Data 97

Appendix G: Detailed Statistical Results 98

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ABSTRACT

5
CHAPTER ONE

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the background of the study. Also, the theoretical and conceptual

framework in this chapter will be defining the variables that lead to the problem statement, the

research objectives, the hypothesis drawn as well as the scope and delimitations of the study and

its significance.

Background of the Study

Plastic has brought convenience to people since the 1900s. It is cheap, durable, lightweight, and can

easily be modified trait contributed to the development of countries across the globe. It has been

used extensively in everyday life, from packaging to household appliances, building construction,

and health and safety. With this, the demand for plastic production has dramatically increased,

producing over 300 million tons of plastics each year. However, it is not decomposable, resulting in

6.3 billion metric tons of waste at the Great Pacific garbage patch, landfills, and oceans where it will

remain for hundreds and thousands of years (Segran, 2019).

This situation likewise is experienced in the Philippines. The plastic industry creates opportunities

for the country to expound foreign investments and gain a competitive advancement in the global

market. The growth of the plastic industry seemed like a good start for the growing economic status

of the country however, the Philippines ranked as the 3rd largest contributor to ocean plastic

(Porcalla, 2018). According to Bajpai 2019, preventive measures are necessary to address the

destruction of biodiversity now that the country is investing more in agriculture.

Plastic pollution has been a threat to the environment. Given its impact on the economy, researchers

aim to find a suitable alternative that might help combat the increase of plastic waste. Aside from

banning single-use plastic, the production of biodegradable plastic is studied. Plastic is of long

chains of polymer that is also found in starch-rich plants like Potato and Jamaica. With this, the

use of starch as a makeshift biodegradable plastic is possible. According to Mehyer and Han (2004),

Starch, a polymer containing two strong film-forming producers, the amylose and amylopectin can

be used as an alternative to the traditional plastic. Since the Philippines are primarily an agricultural

country, starch-rich plants can be easily cultivated. In this research, the Efficacy of Potato starch as

a makeshift biodegradable plastic intends to test the durability of bioplastics and revolutionize the

traditional plastic use to benefit not just the environment but also the agricultural sector of the

Philippines.

Theoretical Framework

Starch is in most plants consists of maize, rice, wheat, potatoes, cassava, bananas, yams, and

sorghum (Carvalho, 2008). According to Mehyar & Han (2004), starch is ascribed with two (2)

polymeric components, the amylopectin, and amyloses are high-regarded as a strong film-

forming producer.

Later reported by another author, (Melo et al., 2003), that supports the theory of starch-

containing its essentially ingrained amylose is capable of being utilized as plant-based

bioplastic.

As cited by Bastioli in 2005, the starch-based materials are expended on and compostable.

The study also focuses on the durability of the resultant bioplastic with the supplementary

additions of water to a greater extent. As cited by Dimitriu (2004), the effect of the addition of

water content, bioplastic is administered by chains of starch granules. The swell uprising

indicates the elimination of amylose. This will further push through at the gelatinization process

of water and starch.

Biodegradation is a process by which material is being subjected to observations and analysis with

conditions that can be distinguished as a biodegradable. A fully-biodegradable should be controlled

with a changing environment, varying on its surroundings.

Conceptual Framework

The information needed from our independent variable which is Potato Starch is its physical

properties: the proportion of starch, thermal properties, and binding strength. Knowing the

amount of starch of the potato will help us researchers to have an overview of our variable if

this will be applicable to use as biodegradable plastic. The varying amount of starch that we will

use in this research is 10 grams, 15 grams, and 20 grams. The greater the starch, the higher it

10

reduces the carbon footprint of traditional resins. The binding strength of the potato starch is

also one of the properties that plastic should have since this helps in determining the elongation

and necking of the materials. Knowing the thermal properties of the potato starch will be very

helpful in making this as a biodegradable plastic because this explains the response of it to the

application of heat and lessen the release of poisonous fumes and pollute the air when burnt.

The data that can be gathered will be analyzed to form results and conclusions that can formulate

the output, Potato based Biodegradable plastic.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the efficacy of potato starch as a makeshift biodegradable plastic.

This study aims to answer the following specific questions below.

1. What are the properties of biodegradable plastic made from starch in terms of:

a. Tensile Strength

b. Water absorption

c. Biodegradability

2. Is a significant difference among the amount of Potato Starch containing 10 grams, 15

grams and 20 grams in terms of its efficacy?

3. How durable bioplastic containing 10g of Potato starch as compared to those with 15g

and 20g?

4. What are the changes observed on the bioplastic when placed under the soil for three

weeks?

11