BLENDED LEARNING: ITS EFFECT TO THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF HOME ECONOMICS STUDENTS OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF

SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

A Concept Paper Presentation to the

Department of Technician Teacher Education
College of Science and Technology Education
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines

Submitted by:
April John C. Arbutante
Mikaella Jouraine M. Abrigo
Mini Rose Y. Bearneza
Elluzel Mae C. Becera

October 2023

1
Table of Contents

2
Rationale
Discuss here briefly and concisely about the problem you have

identified in your case study. Also discuss why it is significant to discuss here.

Also shed insights on the pandemic and its effect towards industries, sales,

production (anything related to food establishments)

In the introduction part, the problem identified in the study should be

clearly presented. If the problem is about sales and production, discuss about

it, concisely. Also, discuss the need why the problem should be investigated

about in the line of your status as a manager (char lungz). By the way, it is

very important that you don’t use the words “I”, “we” or “us”. You may say, the

researchers, instead.

Paragraphs should be presented coherently. It should contain a topic

sentence and all sentences within that paragraph should discuss about the

topic sentence. Avoid writing one sentence only in your paragraph. It is a

grievous sin in technical writing.

The structure of the paragraph should also appear neat and clean and

in harmony with the rest of the body of this case study. Paragraphs should be

justified, double spaced, Arial, size 12 font.

3
 One of every person's necessity is education. Every year, it is held in

the classroom to impart knowledge of concepts and the ability to solve

problems. The primary educational system in use today is traditional

education, which takes place between students and teachers in formal

educational settings like classrooms. Since Covid 19 Pandemic hit the world,

the need to implement blended learning system is becoming crucial.

(Darlis & Kurnia Sari, 2021)
Students are encouraged to study at home instead of

university or school. Education was one of the sectors affected, and lectures

were suspended to prevent the virus from spreading. Face-to-face instruction

is not permitted due to the dangers of contracting the illness. As a result, the

CHED has developed various learning strategies: distant learning, modular

learning, and the fusion of these two-learning called blended learning.

Blended learning is an expansion to classroom instruction over the internet

that offers educational facilities with cutting-edge instructional practices and

techniques to overcome the problems they face, as well as novel learning

(Alsalhi et al., 2021)
opportunities.

Face to Face learning is where the teacher and the student meet in a

set place for a set time, for either one-on-one learning or, most commonly, in

group class lessons like what happens in school. (J., 2017) Online learning,

on the other hand, is a type of "distance learning," which is a catch-all phrase

for any

learning that takes place outside of a traditional classroom. (Stern, 2016)

One of the major problems or reason why the researchers conducted

this study is that the College of Science and Technology, specifically the

BTLED-HE program, doesn’t have a building or specified classroom. Because

4
of the limited availability of the classrooms and TLE laboratories for the

BTLED-HE program, it is said to be that the Chairperson of the Department of

Technology and Technical Education released a memorandum of the

implementation of Blended Learning towards the BTLED program. Industrial

Arts major is not included in the study because the only focus of this study is

the Home Economics major. Since the HE major needs larger facilities and

laboratories, but due to a lack of classroom resources, availability of

materials, there is a need for a transition of new mode of learning. As a result,

the CHED has developed various learning strategies: face to face learning,

online learning, and the fusion of these two-learning called blended learning.

The University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines then has

released a memorandum from the higher education.

Blended learning effectiveness has several basic factors. One of the

challenges is about how users can utilize digital tools and assuring students’

commitment given the individual learner characteristics and come across

(Darlis & Kurnia Sari, 2021)
technology. Not all students are familiar with blended

learning.

From the literature, there were many obstacles recorded regarding the

BL implementation such as the students, educators, and system factors. Few

factors such as level of discipline and responsiveness of the students, poor

time management and diversity of students' backgrounds affect their

(Shamsuddin & Kaur, 2020)
participation in BL. This means that student's

participation is the main barrier in blended implementation. Schools began

implementing remote education with the usage of online tools (e.g., Teams,

Zoom, Blackboard, etc.) to induce some level of learning stability. Later, when

5
the situation improved, universities and schools gradually returned to a face-

toface modality of learning.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Theories are formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in

many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge within the limits of critical
bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a
theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory
that explains why the research problem under study exists.
A conceptual framework is a written or visual representation of an expected relationship
between variables. Variables are simply the characteristics or properties that you want to
study.

The conceptual framework is generally developed based on a literature review of

existing studies and theories about the topic.

Research example

6
You want to know if students who study more hours get higher exam scores. To investigate
this question, you can use methods such as an experiment or survey to test the relationship
between variables.
Before you start collecting data, construct a conceptual framework to show exactly which
variables you will measure and how you expect them to relate to each other.

A conceptual framework can be designed in many different ways. The form yours takes will
depend on what kinds of relationships you expect to find.
Research Questions

Schematic Diagram

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Blended Learning Academic Performance

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Theoretical Framework

As shown in the figure above, Blended Learning is considered as

independent variable in a way that it can provide freedom and flexibility, can

be used as a medium for discussion like for example the social media and

allows students to be independent while studying outside the classroom. On

the other hand, the dependent variable of the study is the academic

performance of the student. In terms of the student's test score, it could

change depending on several factors such as how much you studied, how

much sleep you got the night before you took the test, or even how hungry

you were when you took it.

7
Research Questions

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Blended learning

environment on students’ performance. The study involves only students from

the BTLED-HE program from second year of this university.

To meet the objectives of this study, this study seeks to address the

following research questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of:

1.1. Age

1.2. Sex

1.3. Grade Point Average

1.4. Year Level

2. How significant is blended learning in increasing performance of

students?

3. Is there significant difference between Blended and Non-blended

approach in increasing students’ performance?

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Discuss here about the design of your research: discuss what is the

design, why it is used in the study and how it will be employed in the study.

This study will utilize the correlational method of research with the

intent to compare two conditions, Blended and Non-Blended learning in

relation to the academic performance of BTLED-HE students of this

university. In addition, this research method was indeed appropriate for this

8
study considering that its main objective is to determine the effects of blended

learning modality on the student’s academic performance.

Research Location

Discuss where the study is conducted, and why this group of people.

The study was conducted at the University of Science and Technology of

Southern Philippines. The USTP is a tertiary institution offering senior high

school as well as undergraduate and graduate courses. The researchers

chose the USTP to be the location where to be conducted the study because

it is one of the schools in CDO that are effectively conducting blended

learning. One of the reasons also for choosing the said location is that the

researchers wanted to ensure to be able to gather effective data from the

respondents that can help the researchers achieve the main objective on this

study.

The respondents of the study were the students from second year,

particularly the BTLED-HE program. The researchers chose this respondent

because these specific respondents are the ones who are immediately

impacted and involved in the implementation of the Blended Learning. Due to

the fact that these particular respondents experienced 50% of face-to-face

classes and 50% of online class, they were chosen to participate in the study.

9
 Figure 2. Location Map

Population

Discuss what is the taregt population, why it is addressed int his study.

Also, discuss and describe the target population of the study to which the

findings of the study will be generalized into. Provide the demographic

information such as age, gender, socio-economic status, etc.

The total population of BTLED-HE second year students is 182.

Stratified random sampling shall be applied in the selection of the

representative per year level.

Sample, Sampling Procedure and Sample Size

Discuss the sample of the proposed study, and the sampling techniques by which these

samples are chosen from the population. If you use purposive sampling, discuss the inclusion and

exclusion criteria.

Discuss what is the sampling technique used, the reason why you employ it in your study and

how you will utilize it in your study.

Discuss the sample size. Tell what technique was used, and why you used it.

Since it is difficult to survey each and everyone in the population,

Slovin's formula was utilized by the researchers in determining the appropriate

sample frame of the study which will provide the expected result or output of
10
the study, through the research instrument that will be used by the researcher.

Below is the Solvin’s formula and the process on how to solve the problem.

Figure No. 3 Slovin’s Formula Sample Size

Where:

n= (?)

N= 182

e= 0.05

In utilizing the formula to the BTLED-HE second year with a population

of 182 students:

182 182 182

n= n= n=
1+(182)(0.05)2 1+(0.455) 1.4

182 182
n= n= n= 130
1+(182)(0.0025)2 1.4

Respondents N n

BTLED-HE 2nd Year 182 130

Table 1.1 Sample Size of the Respondents

11
 The total sample frame resulted is 130. To gather complete information

and data, the researchers will be using a total of 130 students, specifically the

BTLED-HE 2nd year, as a sample to know the effects of blended learning on

students’ academic performance. 130 students are chosen randomly using

the random sampling. Stratified random sampling is a part of a technique in

which each sample has an equal probability of being chosen. This method of

drawing a sample is used when the researcher wants to ensure that different

groups comprising the target population are adequately represented in the

sample.

Research Instrument

Explain the research instrument to be used. Discuss how the

instrument will be validated. Also discuss from whom you borrowed the

research instrument, and be sure to cite the original author of the research

instrument. What ate the variables to be measured, how many items each

variable/construct? How to measure: is it Likert scale, or hedonic scale?

To be able to collect the needed data for this study, a structured

questionnaire adapted from Edres (2019) entitled “The Implications of

Blended Learning” will be used. This adapted survey questionnaire was

validated, approved, and checked by the validators.

The questionnaire is consisted of two parts. The first part is the

demographic profile of the respondents composed of age, gender, year level

and Grade point average of students before and amidst pandemic. The

second part is composed of survey questions regarding the effect of blended

12
learning on the academic performance. The instrument consists of 15

questions and the researcher uses a frequency four (4) point Likert scale.

Scoring Scale Range Verbal Interpretation

Pattern Description
4 4.00 – 3.00 Strongly Agree This means that the
condition embodied in
the item is observed at
all times.
3 2.99 – 2.00 Agree This means that the
condition embodied in
the item is somewhat
observed.
2 1.99 – 1.00 Disagree This means that the
condition embodied in
the item is slightly
observed.
1 1.00 – 0.99 Strongly This means that the
condition embodied in
Disagree the item is not observed.

Table 1.2

Data Collection Methods

Discuss how you collected the data, the procedure, how you contacted

the contact persons. When you discuss, mention the number of the table, and

immediately after the paragraph where the table number is mentioned.

Present the table. Remember that the font size for you table should be one

smaller that the font size of your body text.

The researcher underwent the following steps in conducting the study

about the effect of blended learning to the student’s academic performance of

BTLED-HE 2nd year students in the University of Science and Technology of

Southern Philippines.

Data Gathering Procedure Researcher’s Activity

Asking permission to conduct the The researchers informed ahead of the

study. chosen respondents.
Administration and retrieval of With the approval of the respondents,
questionnaires. the researcher distributed the survey

13
 questionnaire to the respective
respondents through an online platform
called messenger. As the survey
questionnaire was created in Google
form, the researcher only passes
forward the survey link and gives them
sufficient time to answer the form.
Collection of data and processing. After the retrieval of all questionnaires,
the data were gathered, analyzed, and
classified accordingly and accurately
with the use of
statistical tools.

Data Analysis Techniques

Discuss how the data will be analyzed. For example, mean, median,

mode, frequency, percentage, t-test. Describe each test to be used.

The gathered data was obtained tallied and tabulated. The tools used

for the accuracy in the analyses and interpretations of the findings are the

following:

Frequency count. It is the actual number of respondents to a specific

question or item in the question. It is also referring to the number of tally

marks for each category or item.

Percentage. The Percentage which is rate or proportion per hundred. It is use

as a descriptive measure together with the frequency distribution to show the

relationship of the magnitude of the item of the variables described in relation

to the whole. The formula is

f Where:
%= x 100
f = average
n

n= total number of population

14
Weighted Mean. The Weighted Mean will be used as a measure of central

tendency. It is simply the arithmetic average or the sum of the tallied scores

divided by the number of them. The formula is:

Where:

Ʃ = summation of the scores in a distribution.

f (x) = frequency of scores

n= number of scores in a sample

REFERENCES

Use APA format

15