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Pre-Lab 6 - Turbulent Viscous Flow

The document summarizes pre-lab work for an experiment on turbulent viscous flow. 1) Using the Reynolds number, find the average velocity required in the abdominal aorta for flow to be turbulent. 2) Draw and explain the expected laminar and turbulent velocity profiles, noting the parabolic laminar profile and the 3 regions of the turbulent profile. 3) Cite sources to describe situations where blood must be treated as non-Newtonian (e.g. in catheters) versus Newtonian (e.g. in the aorta). 4) Using dimensional analysis, determine the relationship between non-recoverable pressure loss in turbulent flow and various parameters like velocity, diameter,

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38 views3 pages

Pre-Lab 6 - Turbulent Viscous Flow

The document summarizes pre-lab work for an experiment on turbulent viscous flow. 1) Using the Reynolds number, find the average velocity required in the abdominal aorta for flow to be turbulent. 2) Draw and explain the expected laminar and turbulent velocity profiles, noting the parabolic laminar profile and the 3 regions of the turbulent profile. 3) Cite sources to describe situations where blood must be treated as non-Newtonian (e.g. in catheters) versus Newtonian (e.g. in the aorta). 4) Using dimensional analysis, determine the relationship between non-recoverable pressure loss in turbulent flow and various parameters like velocity, diameter,

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helloceline1
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Pre-Lab 6: Turbulent Viscous Flow

Celine Yeung (30144006)

1. Using Reynolds number, find the average velocity required in a health abdominal aorta
for the flow to be considered turbulent. (1 mark)

 Assuming blood is Newtonian fluid.

2. Draw the expected velocity profiles for the laminar and turbulent flow. Explain why you
think this is the case. (2 marks)

The velocity profile of laminar flow is parabolic because there are fric onal and viscous forces.
Fric onal force from the wall exerts on the fluid layers touching it. Since we are assuming there
are no slip condi ons, the velocity at the walls is zero. Since r=0 is the farthest point away from
the walls, the velocity is at its maximum. This is called the centerline velocity. With increasing r
from the centerline, the velocity decreases un l it gets to the wall. As a result, the fluid flows in
concentric circle layers that result in the parabolic velocity profile.
The velocity profile for turbulent flow can be split into 3 regions. The first layer is the viscous
sublayer. This is a think layer of flow next to the wall where viscous shear stress dominants over
turbulent shear stress. The second layer is the overlap layer. This is a transi on region where
there is equal amount of viscous and Reynolds stress that is caused by the bulk movement
across layers from random eddies/vor ces. The last region is the outer layer where Reynolds
stress is dominant. As a result, the velocity profile is non-parabolic because there is fluid flow
across the layers.

3. Ci ng external sources, describe a situa on where you would need to account for blood
being a non-Newtonian fluid, describe another situa on where you could assume blood is
Newtonian. (2 marks)
Blood is a non-Newtonian fluid. This means that its viscosity can change depending on the force
that is applied on it or shear rate. A situa on where you would need to account for blood being
a non-Newtonian fluid is when designing catheters [1]. Since the blood is flowing through a
small tube, it can cause high shear rates. Therefore, this can cause the viscosity of the blood to
change, and the flow becomes turbulent. As a result, clo ng and increase the risk of blockages
can occur.
1. h ps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar cle/abs/pii/S002192901500295X?via%3Dihu
b
A situa on where you could assume blood is Newtonian would be when be the flow rate and
shear rate are low, par cularly in large and straight simple geometries. For example, you can
assume blood flowing through the aorta or vena cava to be Newtonian because the viscosity of
blood remains constant [2]. This knowledge is useful for comparing a healthy and aneurysmal
model of the aorta.
2. h ps://www.alliedacademies.org/ar cles/nonnewtonian-and-newtonian-blood-flow-in-
human-aorta-a-transient-
analysis.html#:~:text=Blood%20flowing%20through%20the%20aorta,3%2C5%2C28%5D.

4. Non-recoverable pressure loss due to fric on in turbulent flow is affected by the following
parameters:

∆𝑃 = 𝐹(𝑣⃗ , 𝐷, 𝑙, 𝜀, 𝜇, 𝜌)

Where ∆𝑃 is the change in pressure between the inlet and outlet, 𝑣⃗ is the average velocity, 𝐷
is the diameter, 𝑙 is the length, 𝜀 is the roughness of the walls (in metres), 𝜇 is the viscosity,
and 𝜌 is the density. Determine through dimensional analyses (3 marks):

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