FORCE AND PRESSURE Assignment 8

FORCE AND PRESSURE
1. Define force and write its SI unit.

Force is a push or pull acting on an object, resulting from the object's interaction with another object.
It can cause a change in the object's state of motion or shape.
SI Unit: Newton (N)
2. Define pressure and write its SI unit and what does pressure depends on ?
Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area.
Pressure = force
Area
SI Unit: Pascal (Pa) or N/m²
Pressure depends on both the magnitude of the force applied and the area over which it is distributed.
3. Differentiate between contact and non-contact forces with its types

Contact Forces: These forces result from physical contact between two objects.
Types – muscular force and frictional force
Non-contact Forces: These forces act at a distance and do not require direct contact between objects.
Types- electrostatic force, gravitational force, magnetic force.
4. Effects of force ?
Change in shape and size.
Change in state of motion.
Change in speed.
5. What is atmospheric pressure ? What is it caused by?

Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the air molecules in the Earth's atmosphere on objects
within it.
Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of the air above a given point, exerting force due to
gravity.
6. It is much easier to burst an inflated balloon with a needle than a finger . explain ?
It is easier to burst an inflated balloon with a needle because the small surface area of the needle
concentrates the force, applying pressure to a small area, leading to a rapid release of air and the
balloon popping.
7. It is difficult to cut cloth using pair of blunt blades. Explain ?

It is difficult to cut cloth with blunt blades because a higher force is required to overcome the
resistance of the cloth fibers. Sharp blades reduce the area over which the force is applied, making it
easier to cut.
8. Why do we always need sharp edges for cutting and piercing.
Sharp edges concentrate the force on a smaller area, increasing pressure. This makes it easier to
penetrate or cut through materials by reducing the force required.
9. What is easier cutting a vegetable with sharp knife or a blunt blade ?

- It is easier to cut a vegetable with a sharp knife because the concentrated force and higher pressure
allow for better penetration of the vegetable's tissues.
10. Why are shoulder bags provided with broad straps and not thin straps?
Broad straps on shoulder bags distribute the force over a larger area on the shoulder, reducing
pressure. This design minimizes discomfort and potential injury compared to thin straps that
concentrate force on a smaller area.
11. When you press a rubber sucker on smooth surface, it sticks to the surface. Explain?
- When a rubber sucker is pressed onto a smooth surface, the air between the sucker and the surface
is expelled, creating a vacuum. Atmospheric pressure then acts on the outside, holding the sucker in
place.
12. Kashif was trying to stick a rubber sucker on the wall, but it keeps on falling down from the
wall. State reason.
If the wall is not smooth, air can enter between the sucker and the wall, preventing the creation of a
vacuum. Without the vacuum effect, atmospheric pressure is not sufficient to hold the sucker in place,
causing it to fall.
13. Give two examples of each of the situations in which you push or pull to change the state of
motion of objects.
Soln:
1. Pull situations
a) In order to open a drawer, we have to pull it. This action changes the state of motion of the drawer.
b) To draw water from the well, the rope is pulled. This action changes the state of motion of the bucket.
2. Push Situations
a) A football is pushed by the foot of a player. This action changes the state of motion of the ball.
b) In order to change the place of the heavy box from one room to another, we have to push it. This action
changes the motion of the box.
14. Give two examples of situations in which applied force causes a change in the shape of an object.
Soln:
The forces which change the shape of an object are as follows:

i) By pressing the clay between the hands, it deforms.
ii) The shape of the plastic bottle changes by squeezing it.
15. Fill in the blanks in the following statements.
(a) To draw water from a well, we have to PULL at the rope.
(b) A charged body ATTRACTS an uncharged body towards it.
(c) To move a loaded trolley, we have to PULL OR PUSH it.
(d) The north pole of a magnet REPELS the north pole of another magnet.
16. An archer stretches her bow while taking aim at the target. She then releases the arrow, which
begins to move towards the target. Based on this information, fill up the gaps in the following
statements using the following terms.
muscular, contact, non-contact, gravity, friction, shape, attraction
(a) To stretch the bow, the archer applies a force that causes a change in its SHAPE
(b) The force applied by the archer to stretch the bow is an example of MUSCULAR force.
(c) The type of force responsible for a change in the state of motion of the arrow is an example of a
CONTACT force.
(d) While the arrow moves towards its target, the forces acting on it are due to GRAVITY and that due to
FRICTION of air
17. In the following situations, identify the agent exerting the force and the object on which it acts.
State the effect of the force in each case.
(a) Squeezing a piece of lemon between the fingers to extract its juice.
muscular force to extract the juice of the lemon by squeezing it. As a result, the shape of the lemon gets
changed.
(b) Taking out paste from a toothpaste tube.
b) To take out paste from the toothpaste tube, we use our muscular force. This muscular force acting on
the toothpaste tube leads to a change in its shape.
(c) A load suspended from a spring while its other end is on a hook fixed to a wall.
the suspended load exerts a force on the spring and pushes the spring downwards. As a result, the spring
gets stretched. Hence, its shape gets changed.
(d) An athlete making a high jump to clear the bar at a certain height
d) The feet of the athlete exert muscular force on the ground, which pushes the ground. This allows them
to jump over the bar. As a result, their state of motion gets changed.
17. A blacksmith hammers a hot piece of iron while making a tool. How does the force due to
hammering affect the piece of iron?
Soln: A blacksmith uses their muscular force while hammering a hot piece of iron. The muscular force
changes the shape of the iron so that it can be given the desired shape.
18. An inflated balloon was pressed against a wall after it had been rubbed with a piece of synthetic
cloth. It was found that the balloon stuck to the wall. What force might be responsible for the
attraction between the balloon and the wall?
Soln: When an inflated balloon is rubbed with a piece of synthetic cloth, it becomes charged. A charged
body attracts an uncharged body. When this charged balloon is pressed against a wall, it sticks to the wall.
Thus, the electrostatic force acts between the charged balloon and the wall.
19. Name the forces acting on a plastic bucket containing water held above ground level in your
hand. Discuss why the forces acting on the bucket do not bring a change in its state of motion.
Soln: For holding the bucket of water above the ground, we use muscular force. This muscular force acts
against the force of gravity that pulls the bucket towards the ground. The two forces are equal in
magnitude but opposite in direction. Therefore, the net force on the bucket is zero. Hence, there is no
change in the state of motion.
20. A rocket has been fired upwards to launch a satellite in its orbit. Name the two forces acting on
the rocket immediately after leaving the launching pad.
Soln:The force of gravity is the one which acts on the rocket to pull it towards the ground, and the other
one is the force of friction due to the earth’s atmosphere, which opposes its motion.

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FORCE AND PRESSURE

1. Define force and write its SI unit.

SI Unit: Pascal (Pa) or N/m²

3. Differentiate between contact and non-contact forces with its types

5. What is atmospheric pressure ? What is it caused by?

7. It is difficult to cut cloth using pair of blunt blades. Explain ?

9. What is easier cutting a vegetable with sharp knife or a blunt blade ?

The forces which change the shape of an object are as follows:

ii) The shape of the plastic bottle changes by squeezing it.

15. Fill in the blanks in the following statements.

(a) To draw water from a well, we have to PULL at the rope.

(b) A charged body ATTRACTS an uncharged body towards it.

(c) To move a loaded trolley, we have to PULL OR PUSH it.

muscular, contact, non-contact, gravity, friction, shape, attraction

(b) Taking out paste from a toothpaste tube.

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