Problem Solving on

Windows Functions
 Instructions for the class

Instructions:

● We will use mode.com for this set of questions.

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● Tutorial.sat_scores

Description:
This dataset is related to SAT scores. SAT is an exam used in USA to provide admission. SAT
contains of three subjects - writing, verbal, and math. This dataset has following columns:

● School: The school in which student studied

● Teacher: Name of the teacher who taught the student

● Student_id: The id for each student(a unique identifier)

● Sat_writing: marks scored in writing

● Sat_verbal: marks scored in verbal

● Sat_maths: marks scored in math

● Hrs_studied: hours spent in studying

● Id: unique identifier for the dataset

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Question-1:

Write a query to add column - avg_sat_writing. Each row in this column should include average
marks in the writing section of the student per school.

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Answer-1:

SELECT
*,
AVG(sat_writing)OVER(PARTITION BY school) AS avg_sat_writing
FROM
Tutorial.sat_scores

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Question-2:

In the above question, add an additional column - count_per_school. Each row of this column should
include number of students per school

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Answer-2:

SELECT
*,
AVG(sat_writing)OVER(PARTITION BY school) AS avg_sat_writing,
COUNT(student_id)OVER(PARTITION BY school) AS count_per_school
FROM
Tutorial.sat_scores

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Question-3:

In the above question, add two additional columns - max_per_teacher and min_per_teacher. Each
row of this column should include maximum and minimum marks in maths per teacher respectively.

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Answer-3:

SELECT
*,
AVG(sat_writing)OVER(PARTITION BY school) AS avg_sat_writing,
COUNT(student_id)OVER(PARTITION BY school) AS count_per_school,
MAX(sat_math)OVER(PARTITION BY teacher) AS max_per_teacher,
MIN(sat_math)OVER(PARTITION BY teacher) AS min_per_teacher
FROM
tutorial.sat_scores

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Question-4:

For the dataset, write a query to add the two columns cum_hrs_studied and total_hrs_studied. Each
row in cum_hrs_studied should display the cumulative sum of hours studied per school. Each row in
the total_hrs_studied will display total hours studied per school. Order the data in the ascending
order of student id

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Answer-4

SELECT
*,
SUM(hrs_studied) OVER(PARTITION BY school ORDER BY student_id) AS cum_hrs_studied,
SUM(hrs_studied) OVER(PARTITION BY school ORDER BY student_id ROWS BETWEEN
UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS total_hrs_studied
FROM
Tutorial.sat_scores

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Question-5:

For the dataset, write a query to add column sub_hrs_studied and total_hrs_studied. Each row in
sub_hrs_studied should display the sum of hrs_studied for a row above, a row below, and current
row per school. Order the data in the ascending order of student id

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Answer-5:

SELECT
*,
SUM(hrs_studied) OVER(PARTITION BY school ORDER BY student_id ROWS BETWEEN 1
PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS sub_hrs_studied
FROM
Tutorial.sat_scores

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Question-6:

Write a query to rank the students per school on the basis of scores in verbal. Use both rank and
dense_rank function. Students with the highest marks should get rank 1.

**Note: see if there is difference in ranking provided by both the functions.

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Answer-6:

SELECT
*,
RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY school ORDER BY sat_verbal DESC) AS score_verbal_rank,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY school ORDER BY sat_verbal DESC) AS
score_verbal_dense_rank
FROM
tutorial.sat_scores

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Question-7:

Write a query to rank the students per school on the basis of scores in writing. Use both rank and
dense_rank function. Student with the highest marks should get rank 1.

**Note: see if there is difference in ranking provided by both the functions for teacher = ‘Spellman’

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Answer-7:

SELECT
*,
RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY teacher ORDER BY sat_writing DESC) AS score_writing_rank,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY teacher ORDER BY sat_writing DESC) AS
score_writing_dense_rank
FROM
Tutorial.sat_scores

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Question-8:

Write a query to find the top 5 students per teacher who spent maximum hours studying.

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Answer-8:

SELECT
teacher,
student_id
FROM
(
SELECT
*,
ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY teacher ORDER BY hrs_studied DESC ) AS ranknum
FROM
tutorial.sat_scores
)a
WHERE
ranknum <6

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Question-9:

Write a query to find the worst 5 students per school who got minimum marks in sat_math

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Answer-9:

SELECT
school,
student_id
FROM
(
SELECT
*,
ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY school ORDER BY sat_math ) AS ranknum
FROM
tutorial.sat_scores
)a
WHERE
ranknum <6

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Question-10:

Write a query to divide the dataset into quartile on the basis of marks in sat_verbal.

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Answer-10:

SELECT
*,
NTILE(4)OVER( ORDER BY sat_verbal ) AS quartile
FROM
tutorial.sat_scores

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Question-11:

For ‘Petersville HS’ school, write a query to arrange the students in the ascending order of hours
studied. Also, add a column to find the difference in hours studied from the student above(in the
row). Exclude the cases where hrs_studied is null.

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Answer-11:

SELECT
*,
hrs_studied - LAG(hrs_studied)OVER(ORDER BY hrs_studied) AS diff_hrs
FROM
tutorial.sat_scores
WHERE
school ='Petersville HS'
AND hrs_studied IS NOT NULL

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Question-12:

For ‘Washington HS’ school, write a query to arrange the students in the descending order of
sat_math. Also, add a column to find the difference in sat_math from the student below(in the row).

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Answer-12:

SELECT
*,
sat_math - LEAD(sat_math)OVER(ORDER BY sat_math DESC) AS diff_marks
FROM
tutorial.sat_scores
WHERE
school ='Washington HS'

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Question-13:

Write a query to return 4 columns - student_id, school, sat_writing, difference in sat_writing and
average marks scored in sat_writing in the school.

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Answer-13:

SELECT
student_id,
school,
sat_writing,
sat_writing - AVG(sat_writing)OVER(PARTITION BY school) AS diff_avg
FROM
tutorial.sat_scores

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Question-14:

Write a query to return 4 columns - student_id, teacher, sat_verbal, difference in sat_verbal and
minimum marks scored in sat_verbal per teacher.

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Answer-14:

SELECT
student_id,
teacher,
sat_verbal,
sat_verbal - MIN(sat_verbal)OVER(PARTITION BY teacher) AS diff_min
FROM
Tutorial.sat_scores

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Question-15:

Write a query to return the student_id and school who are in bottom 20 in each of sat_verbal,
sat_writing, and sat_math for their school.

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Answer-15:

WITH data AS (
SELECT
student_id,
school,
ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY school ORDER BY sat_verbal) AS rank_verbal,
ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY school ORDER BY sat_math) AS rank_math,
ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY school ORDER BY sat_writing) AS rank_writing
FROM
tutorial.sat_scores
)
SELECT
student_id,
school
FROM
data
WHERE
rank_verbal < 21 AND rank_writing < 21 AND rank_math < 21

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Question-16:

Write a query to find the student_id for the highest mark and lowest mark per teacher for sat_writing.

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Answer-16:

SELECT DISTINCT
teacher,
FIRST_VALUE(student_id)OVER(PARTITION BY teacher ORDER BY sat_writing DESC ROWS
BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS max_marks_student,
LAST_VALUE(student_id)OVER(PARTITION BY teacher ORDER BY sat_writing DESC ROWS
BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS min_marks_student
FROM
tutorial.sat_scores

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● Tutorial.city_populations

This dataset contains forecasts of the population of major cities of USA. The dataset has 4 columns:

● City: name of the city

● State: state name (in USA)

● Population_estimate_2012: forecast of population in 2012

● Id: the unique identifier of the dataset

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Question-1:

Write a query to add an additional column - num_cities. Each row in the dataset should tell the
number of cities in the dataset.

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Answer-1:

SELECT *,
COUNT(city)OVER(PARTITION BY state) AS num_cities
FROM
Tutorial.city_populations

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Question-2:

Write a query to add an additional column - total_population. Each row in the dataset should tell the
total population of the state.

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Answer-2:

SELECT *,
SUM(population_estimate_2012)OVER(PARTITION BY state) AS
total_population
FROM
tutorial.city_populations

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Question-3:

Write a query to return the rows where population is more than the average population of the state

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Answer-3:

WITH data AS (
SELECT *,
AVG(population_estimate_2012)OVER(PARTITION BY state) AS avg_population
FROM
tutorial.city_populations
)
SELECT *
FROM data
WHERE
population_estimate_2012 > avg_population

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Question-4:

Write a query to calculate the cumulative sum of population. Arrange the data in ascending order of
the population.

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Answer-4:

SELECT *,
SUM(population_estimate_2012)OVER(ORDER By population_estimate_2012) AS cum_population
FROM
Tutorial.city_populations

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Question-5:

Write a query to add a column rolling_avg. Each row in the dataset includes the average population
for the two rows above and two rows below(including current row.

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Answer-5:

SELECT *,
AVG(population_estimate_2012)OVER(ORDER By population_estimate_2012 ROWS BETWEEN 2
PRECEDING AND 2 FOLLOWING) AS rolling_avg
FROM
Tutorial.city_populations

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Question-6:

Write a query to rank the cities in California(CA) state in terms of population. City with the highest
population is given rank 1. Use both rank and dense_rank function.

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Answer-6:

SELECT *,
RANK()OVER(ORDER BY population_estimate_2012 DESC) AS population_rank,
DENSE_RANK()OVER(ORDER BY population_estimate_2012 DESC) AS population_dense_rank
FROM
tutorial.city_populations
WHERE
state ='CA'

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Question-7:

Write a query to find the top 2 most populated cities per state.

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Answer-7:

WITH data AS (
SELECT
*,
ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY state ORDER BY population_estimate_2012 DESC) AS
population_dense_rank
FROM
tutorial.city_populations
)
SELECT
city,
state,
population_dense_rank
FROM
data
WHERE
population_dense_rank < 3

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Question-8:

Write a query to add a column - perc_pop. Each row in this column should represent the percentage
of population a city contributes in that state.

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Answer-8:

SELECT
*,
100.0*population_estimate_2012/SUM(population_estimate_2012)OVER(PARTITION BY state) AS
perc_pop
FROM
Tutorial.city_populations

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Question-9:

Write a query to find the cities which lie in the top 10 decile in terms of population

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Answer-9:

SELECT
*,
NTILE(10)OVER(ORDER BY population_estimate_2012 DESC) AS percentile
FROM
Tutorial.city_populations

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Question-10:

Write a query to arrange the cities in the descending order of population and add a column
calculating difference in population from a row below (in the dataset).

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Answer-10:

SELECT
*,
population_estimate_2012 - LEAD(population_estimate_2012)OVER(ORDER BY
population_estimate_2012 DESC) AS diff_pop
FROM
Tutorial.city_populations

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Question-11:

Write a query to return the state, first city and last city (in terms of id number) in the state.

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Answer-11:

SELECT DISTINCT
state,
FIRST_VALUE(id) OVER(PARTITION BY state) AS first_city,
LAST_VALUE(id) OVER(PARTITION BY state) AS last_city
FROM
tutorial.city_populations
ORDER BY
state

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